Hoštka

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Hoštka
Coat of arms of Hoštka
Hoštka (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Ústecký kraj
District : Litoměřice
Area : 1879.5591 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 29 ′  N , 14 ° 20 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 29 ′ 19 ″  N , 14 ° 20 ′ 6 ″  E
Height: 184  m nm
Residents : 1,749 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 411 72
License plate : U
structure
Status: city
Districts: 4th
administration
Mayor : Milan Konfršt (as of 2014)
Address: Náměstí Svobody 2
411 72 Hoštka
Municipality number: 564877
Website : www.hostka.cz

Hoštka (German Gastorf ) is a town in the Okres Litoměřice in the Czech Republic .

Geographical location

The city is located in northern Bohemia , nine kilometers northeast of Raudnitz on the right of the Elbe above the Elbe valley at 184 m above sea level. M. height in the valley basin of the Wobroker or Obertkabach ( Obrtka )

history

Marketplace with Trinity column (created in 1737 by the sculptor Mathias Dollinger)

The place was on an old road leading north from Prague and probably existed as early as the 13th century; Tombs and remains of urns from this period were found in the area. Allegedly, Gastorf is said to have been raised to town as early as 1266, according to Schaller, at the request of the owners of the Raudnitz rulership by King Ottokar II. Přemysl , and a noble family Srssa von Laun . However, this is doubtful as the first documented tradition still preserved dates from the middle of the 14th century. The city coat of arms used to show the number 1266. It has been proven that the parish church had its own pastor as early as 1384.

The city came into the possession of the Archdiocese of Prague and was endowed with many freedoms and special rights by Archbishops Johann Očko (in office 1364-1378) and Zbynko (in office 1402-1411). Afterwards it belonged to the great Raudnitz- Helfenburg rule , which in 1412 donated the citizen hospital. In 1428 the Hussites invaded Gastorf, causing a slaughter that only 30 residents survived.

The parish seal from 1558 bears the inscription Gasdorf . The second half of the 16th century was a brief period of prosperity for the town, with numerous noble people settling in Gastorf. The Meierhof located on the market was owned by the lords of Raudnitz in 1589.

On February 17, 1621, the town was occupied and sacked by Bavarian troops during the Thirty Years' War .

The residents also suffered from the wars that followed. During the Swedish War , numerous houses were reduced to rubble. During the Seven Years' War there were frequent marches through the troops and on July 12, 1778 the Austrian General Laudon set up his headquarters in Gastorf.

During the Napoleonic Wars , the place was overcrowded with Austrian and Russian troops.

Gastorf was hit by major fires in 1689, 1727, 1843 and 1905. In 1832 a great cholera epidemic broke out in the village .

In 1853 Gastorf was given town rights. At the beginning of the 20th century the city consisted of 245 houses and had 1,200 inhabitants. There were no industrial settlements. The citizens mainly pursued agriculture, in particular wine and hops cultivation . The Gastorfer Platten were also known , but this business, which used to be very lively, was discontinued at the beginning of the 20th century. Overall, the city's development has stagnated since the end of the 19th century, the railroad ran in the nearby Elbe Valley, where the companies also settled. Gastorf fell into insignificance.

After the First World War , Gastorf was added to the newly created Czechoslovakia . In 1919 there were conflicts in the city, which is predominantly inhabited by Germans, when a school for the Czech minority was opened. According to the Munich Agreement , Gastorf belonged from 1938 to 1945 to the district of Dauba , district of Aussig , in the Reichsgau Sudetenland of the German Empire .

In 1945 the German residents were expelled and Slovaks settled. The town charter was lost, migration problems arose and the place fell into disrepair. The situation had stabilized somewhat since 1970, and water pipes and sewers were built. Since October 10, 2006 Hoštka is a town again.

Demographics

Until 1945 Gastorf was mostly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1830 1026 in 221 houses
1900 1213 predominantly German residents
1930 1141
1939 0950
Population since the end of the Second World War
year 1950 1961 1970 1980 1991 2001 2011
Residents 707 781 795 686 545 686 824

City arms

The coat of arms shows a two-tower church with St. Othmar standing in front of it .

Community structure

The town of Hoštka consists of the districts Hoštka ( Gastorf ), Kochovice ( Kochowitz ), Malešov ( Malschen ) and Velešice ( Weleschitz ), which also form cadastral districts.

Attractions

  • On the market is a votive statue of the Holy Trinity, which was made from Auschaer sandstone in 1737 according to a design by the Leitmeritz sculptor Mathias Tollinger and is intended to commemorate three fires in 1735. In 1757 Frederick the Great sat on the steps of the statue after his retreat at the Battle of Kolín .
  • The town church is dedicated to St. Othmar. Its oldest parts date from the 13th century, an exact date of 1261 cannot be proven. The main part of the church was built between 1703 and 1712. The crescent moon with a twelve-pointed star on the top of the tower is a symbol of the city and a souvenir of the Polish princes Tarnowski , to whom Gastorf and Raudnitz were pledged between 1544 and 1575.
  • On the bridge over the Wobrokbach there are three statues of saints from 1788.
  • On the Lesser Town there is the Assumption Chapel, which was built between 1756 and 1762 in place of an older church. In it is a wooden Madonna from the 14th century, which is said to have been carved by the Prague Archbishop Ernst von Pardubitz .

Personalities

Web links

Commons : Hoštka  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. http://www.uir.cz/obec/564877/Hostka
  2. Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. a b c d Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 1: Leitmeritzer Kreis , Prague 1833, pp. 380–382.
  4. a b Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 1: Rakonitzer Kreis , Prague 1785, pp. 213-214, item 37.
  5. Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 198, paragraph 3 above.
  6. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 7, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 383 .
  7. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Dauba district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  8. http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/564877/Obec-Hostka
  9. http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/564877/Obec-Hostka