List of heads of state 1869

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Africa

• Egypt
  • Khedive : Ismail Pasha (1867–1879)

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor : Tekle Giyorgis II (1868–1871)

• Buganda
  • King : Mutesa I. (1856-1884)

• Bunyoro
  • King : Kyebambe IV (1852-1869)
  • King : Kabalega (1869–1898)

• Burundi
  • King : Mwezi IV. Gisabo (1852–1908)

• Dahomey
  • King : Glélé (1856–1889)

• Liberia
  • President : James Spriggs Payne (1868–1870)

• Morocco
  • Sultan : Sidi Mohammed IV (1859–1873)

• Rwanda
  • King : Kigeri IV. (1853–1895)

• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph : Ahmad Rufa'i (1867–1873)

• South African Republic
  • President : Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (1864–1871)

• Zulu
  • King: Mpande ka Senzangakhona (1840–1872)

America

North America

• Canada
  • Head of State: Queen Victoria (1867–1901)
  • Governor General:
    1. Viscount Charles Stanley Monck (1867–1869)
    2. Lord John Young (1869–1872)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister John A. Macdonald (1867–1873)

• Mexico
  • Head of State and Government: President Benito Juárez ( 1861–1864 , 1867–1872)

• United States of America
  • Head of State and Government:
    1. President Andrew Johnson (1865– March 4, 1869)
    2. President Ulysses S. Grant (March 4, 1869–1877)

Central America

• Costa Rica
  • Head of State and Government: President Jesús Jiménez Zamora ( 1842–1844, 1846–1847, 1863–1866 , 1868–1870)

• Dominican Republic
  • Head of State and Government: President Buenaventura Báez ( 1849–1853, 1856–1858 , 1868–1873, 1876–1878 )

• El Salvador
  • Head of State and Government: President Francisco Dueñas ( 1852–1854 , 1863–1871)

• Guatemala
  • Head of State and Government: President Vicente Cerna (1865–1871)

• Haiti
  • Head of State and Government:
    1. President Sylvain Salnave (1867– December 27, 1869)
    2. President Nissage Saget (December 27, 1869–1874)

• Honduras
  • Head of State and Government: President José María Medina (1863–1872)

• Nicaragua
  • Head of State and Government: President Fernando Guzmán (1867–1871)

South America

• Argentina
  • Head of State and Government: President Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (1868–1874)

• Bolivia
  • Head of State and Government: President Mariano Melgarejo (1864–1871)

• Brazil
  • Ruler: Emperor Peter II (1831–1889)

• Chile
  • Head of State and Government: President José Joaquín Pérez (1861–1871)

• Ecuador
  • Head of State and Government:
    1. President Juan Javier Espinosa (1868– January 19, 1869)
    2. (temporarily) Gabriel García Moreno (January 19 - May 16, 1869)
    3. (officiating) Manuel de Ascásubi (May 16 – August 10, 1869)
    4. President Gabriel García Moreno (August 10, 1869–1875)

• Colombia
  • Head of State and Government: President Santos Gutiérrez (1868–1870)

• Paraguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Francisco Solano López (1862–1870)

• Peru (controversial)
  • Head of State and Government: President José Balta (1868–1872)

• Uruguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Lorenzo Batlle y Grau (1868–1872)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State and Government: President José Ruperto Monagas (1868–1870)

Asia

• Abu Dhabi :
  • Emir: Zayed I (1855-1909)

• Ajman :
  • Sheikh: Humaid I. (1848–1872)

• Afghanistan
  • Emir: Shir Ali Khan (1867–1879)

• Bahrain :
  • Emir: Ali (1868–1869)
  • Emir: Isa I. (1869-1932)

• China ( Qing Dynasty ):
  • Emperor: Tongzhi (1861–1874)

• Republic of Ezo
  • President: Enomoto Takeaki (1868–1869)

• British India
  • Viceroy :
    • John Lawrence (1864-1869)
    • Richard Southwell Bourke (1869–1872)

• Japan :
  • Emperor : Meiji (1867-1912)

• Korea :
  • King: Gojong (1864-1897)

• Kuwait :
  • Emir: Abdullah II. (1866-1892)

• Oman :
  • Sultan: Azzan ibn Qais (1868–1871)

• Persia ( Qajar dynasty)
  • Shah : Naser od-Din Shah (1848–1896)

• Thailand
  • King: Chulalongkorn , King of Thailand (1868–1910)

Australia and Oceania

• Hawaii
  • King : Kamehameha V. (1863–1872)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • Emperor of France : Napoleon III. (1848-1870)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Josep Caixal i Estradé (1851–1879)

• to bathe
  • Grand Duke : Friedrich I (1852–1907)

• Bavaria
  • King : Ludwig II. (1864-1886)

• Belgium
  • Head of State: King Leopold II (1865–1909)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Walthère Frère-Orban (1868–1870, 1878–1884 )

• Denmark
  • Head of State: King : Christian IX. (1863–1906)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs (1865–1870)

• France
  • Emperor : Napoleon III. (1851-1870)

• Greece
  • King : George I (1863–1913)

• Italy
  • King : Victor Emanuel II (1861–1878)

• Monaco
  • Prince Charles III. (1856-1889)

• Montenegro (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
  • Prince : Nikola I. Petrović Njegoš (1860–1918) (from 1910 king )

• Neutral Moresnet :
  • King : Leopold II (1865–1909)
  • King : Wilhelm I (1861–1888)
  • Mayor: Joseph Kohl (1859–1882)

• Netherlands
  • King : Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)

• North German Confederation
  • Prussia :
    • King : Wilhelm I (1861–1888)
  • Saxony :
    • King : Johann I (1854–1873)
  • Hessen-Darmstadt
    • Grand Duke : Ludwig III. (1848–1877)
  • Mecklenburg-Schwerin
    • Grand Duke : Friedrich Franz II. (1842–1883)
  • Mecklenburg-Strelitz
    • Grand Duke : Friedrich Wilhelm II. (1860–1904)
  • Oldenburg
    • Grand Duke : Nikolaus Friedrich Peter (1853–1900)
  • Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    • Grand Duke : Carl Alexander (1853–1901)
  • Stop
    • Duke : Leopold IV (1863–1871)
  • Duchy of Brunswick
    • Duke : Wilhelm (1830-1884)
  • Saxony-Meiningen
    • Duke : George II (1866–1914)
  • Saxony-Altenburg
    • Duke : Ernst I (1853–1908)
  • Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
    • Duke : Ernst II (1844-1893)
  • lip
    • Prince : Leopold III. (1851-1875)
  • Reuss older line
    • Prince : Heinrich XXII. (1867–1902)
  • Reuss younger line
    • Prince : Heinrich XIV.
  • Schaumburg-Lippe
    • Prince : Adolf I. Georg (1860-1893)
  • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    • Prince : Georg I. Albert
  • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    • Prince : Günther Friedrich Carl II.
  • Waldeck-Pyrmont
    • Prince : Georg Victor (1845-1893)
  • Württemberg
    • King : Charles I (1864-1891)

• Norway :
  • King : Charles IV (1859–1872) (identical to Charles XV of Sweden; Norwegian-Swedish personal union)

• Ottoman Empire :
  • Sultan: Abdülaziz (1861–1876)

• Austria-Hungary
  • Emperor and King: Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)

• Portugal
  • King : Ludwig I (1861–1889)

• Romania (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
  • Head of State: Prince Karl I (1866–1914) (from 1881 King)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Dimitrie Ghica (1868–1870)

• Russia
  • Emperor : Alexander II (1855-1881)

• Sweden
  • King : Charles XV. (1859–1872) (1859–1872 King of Norway)

• Serbia (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
  • Prince : Milan Obrenović IV. (1868–1889) (from 1882 king)

• Spain
  • President of the Provisional Government Francisco Serrano Domínguez (1868–18 June 1869) (1869–1871 Regent, 1874 President)
  • Regent Francisco Serrano Domínguez (June 18, 1869–1871) (1868–1869 President of the Provisional Government, 1874 President)

• Hungary
  • King : Franz Joseph I (1848–1916) (1848–1916 King of Bohemia, 1848–1916 Emperor of Austria)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State: Queen Victoria (1837–1901) (1877–1901 Empress of India)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone (1868–1874, 1880–1885, 1886, 1892–1894 )