List of heads of state 1871

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Africa

• Egypt
  • Khedive : Ismail Pasha (1867–1879)

• Ethiopia
  • Emperor : Tekle Giyorgis II (1868–1871)
  • Emperor: Yohannes IV. (1871-1889)

• Buganda
  • King : Mutesa I. (1856-1884)

• Bunyoro
  • King : Kabalega (1869–1898)

• Burundi
  • King : Mwezi IV. Gisabo (1852–1908)

• Dahomey
  • King : Glélé (1856–1889)

• Liberia
  • President : Edward J. Roye (1870–1871)
  • President: James Skivring Smith (1871)
  • President: Joseph Jenkins Roberts (1871–1876)

• Morocco
  • Sultan : Sidi Mohammed IV (1859–1873)

• Rwanda
  • King : Kigeri IV. (1853–1895)

• Sokoto Caliphate :
  • Caliph : Ahmad Rufa'i (167–1873)

• South African Republic
  • President : Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (1864–1871)
  • President: Thomas François Burgers (1871–1877)

• Zulu
  • King : Mpande ka Senzangakhona (1840–1872)

America

North America

• Canada
  • Head of State: Queen Victoria (1867–1901)
  • Governor General: Lord John Young (1869–1872)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister John A. Macdonald (1867–1873)

• Mexico
  • Head of State and Government: President Benito Juárez ( 1861–1864 , 1867–1872)

• United States of America
  • Head of State and Government: President Ulysses S. Grant (1869–1877)

Central America

• Costa Rica
  • Head of State and Government: President Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez (1870–1876, 1877–1882 )

• Dominican Republic
  • Head of State and Government: President Buenaventura Báez ( 1849–1853, 1856–1858 , 1868–1873, 1876–1878 )

• El Salvador
  • Head of State and Government: President Francisco Dueñas ( 1852–1854 , 1863– April 15, 1871)

• Guatemala
  • Head of State and Government:
    1. President Vicente Cerna (1865– June 2, 1871)
    2. President Miguel García Granados y Zavala (June 3, 1871–1873)

• Haiti
  • Head of State or Government: President Nissage Saget (1869–1874)

• Honduras
  • Head of State and Government: President José María Medina (1863–1872)

• Nicaragua
  • Head of State and Government:
    1. President Fernando Guzmán (1867– March 1, 1871)
    2. President Vicente Cuadra (March 1, 1871–1875)

South America

• Argentina
  • Head of State and Government: President Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (1868–1874)

• Bolivia
  • Head of State and Government:
    1. President Mariano Melgarejo (1864– January 15, 1871)
    2. President Agustín Morales (January 15, 1871–1872)

• Brazil
  • Ruler: Emperor Peter II (1831–1889)

• Chile
  • Head of State and Government:
    1. President José Joaquín Pérez (1861– September 18, 1871)
    2. President Federico Errázuriz Zañartu (September 18, 1871–1876)

• Ecuador
  • Head of State and Government: President Gabriel García Moreno (1869–1875)

• Colombia
  • Head of State and Government: President Eustorgio Salgar (1870–1872)

• Paraguay
  • Head of State and Government:
    1. President Cirilo Antonio Rivarola (1870– December 12, 1871)
    2. President Salvador Jovellanos (December 12, 1871–1874)

• Peru (controversial)
  • Head of State and Government: President José Balta (1868–1872)

• Uruguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Lorenzo Batlle y Grau (1868–1872)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State and Government: President Antonio Guzmán Blanco (1870–1884, 1886–1888 )

Asia

• Abu Dhabi :
  • Emir: Zayed I (1855-1909)

• Ajman :
  • Sheikh: Humaid I. (1848–1872)

• Afghanistan
  • Emir: Shir Ali Khan (1867–1879)

• Bahrain :
  • Emir: Isa I. (1869-1932)

• British India
  • Viceroy : Richard Southwell Bourke (1869–1872)

• China ( Qing Dynasty ):
  • Emperor: Tongzhi (1861–1874)

• Japan :
  • Emperor : Mutsuhito (1867–1912)

• Korea :
  • King: Gojong (1864-1897)

• Kuwait :
  • Emir: Abdullah II. (1866-1892)

• Oman :
  • Sultan: Azzan ibn Qais (1868–1871)
  • Sultan: Turki ibn Said (1871–1888)

• Persia ( Qajar dynasty)
  • Shah : Naser od-Din Shah (1848–1896)

• Thailand
  • King: Chulalongkorn , King of Thailand (1868–1910)

Australia and Oceania

• Hawaii
  • King : Kamehameha V. (1863–1872)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • President of France : Adolphe Thiers (1871–1873)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Josep Caixal i Estradé (1851–1879)

• Belgium
  • Head of State: King Leopold II (1865–1909)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Jules d'Anethan (1870–7 December 1871)
    • Prime Minister Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt ( 1834–1840, 1846–1847 , December 7, 1871–1874)

• Denmark
  • Head of State: King : Christian IX. (1863–1906)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Ludvig Holstein-Holsteinborg (1870–1874)

• German Empire (since January 18, 1871)
  • Kaiser : Wilhelm I (January 18, 1871–1888)
    • Imperial Chancellor : Otto von Bismarck (1871–1890)
  • Stop
    • Duke : Leopold IV. Friedrich (1863–1871)
    • Duke: Friedrich I (1871–1904)
      • Minister of State : Alfred von Larisch (1868–1875)
  • to bathe
    • Grand Duke : Friedrich I (1856–1907)
      • Minister of State: Julius Jolly (1868–1876)
  • Bavaria :
    • King : Ludwig II. (1864-1886)
      • Chairman of the Council of Ministers : Otto von Bray-Steinburg (1870–1871)
      • Chairman of the Council of Ministers: Friedrich von Hegnenberg-Dux (1871–1872)
  • Braunschweig
    • Duke : Wilhelm (1831-1884)
  • Bremen
    • Mayor : Johann Daniel Meier (1867–1871)
    • Mayor: Otto Gildemeister (1871–1875) (1882) (1884) (1886)
  • Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine (administered directly by the Reich until 1879)
    • Upper President: Eduard von Möller (1871–1879)
  • Hamburg
    • First Mayor : Gustav Heinrich Kirchenpauer (1871–1872) (1875) (1878) (1881) (1884) (1887)
  • Hessen-Darmstadt
    • Grand Duke : Ludwig III. (1848–1877)
      • President of the entire ministry : Reinhard Carl Friedrich von Dalwigk (1852–1871)
      • President of the entire ministry: Friedrich von Lindelof (1871–1872)
  • lip
    • Prince : Leopold III. (1851-1875)
  • Lübeck
    • Mayor : Heinrich Theodor Behn (1871–1872) (1875–1876) (1879–1880) (1883–1884) (1887–1888) (1891–1892) (1895–1896)
  • Mecklenburg-Schwerin
    • Grand Duke : Friedrich Franz II. (1842–1883)
  • Mecklenburg-Strelitz
    • Grand Duke : Friedrich Wilhelm (1860–1904)
  • Oldenburg
    • Grand Duke : Nikolaus Friedrich Peter (1853–1900)
      • Minister of State : Peter Friedrich Ludwig Freiherr von Rössing (1851–1874)
  • Prussia :
    • King : Wilhelm I (1861–1888)
      • Prime Minister : Otto von Bismarck (1862–1873) (1873–1890)
  • Reuss older line
    • Prince : Heinrich XXII. (1859–1902)
  • Reuss younger line
    • Prince : Heinrich XIV. (1867–1913)
  • Saxony :
    • King : Johann I (1854–1873)
      • Chairman of the entire ministry : Johann Paul von Falkenstein (1866–1871)
      • Chairman of the entire ministry: Richard Freiherr von Friesen (1871–1876)
  • Saxony-Altenburg
    • Duke : Ernst I (1853–1908)
  • Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
    • Duke : Ernst II (1844-1893)
  • Saxony-Meiningen
    • Duke : George II (1866–1914)
  • Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    • Grand Duke : Carl Alexander (1853–1901)
  • Schaumburg-Lippe
    • Prince : Adolf I. Georg (1860-1893)
  • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    • Prince : Georg Albert (1869–1890)
  • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    • Prince : Günther Friedrich Karl II. (1835–1880)
  • Waldeck and Pyrmont (administered by Prussia since January 1, 1868)
    • Prince : Georg Victor (1845-1893)
  • Württemberg :
    • King : Charles I (1864-1891)

• France
  • Presidents : Adolphe Thiers (1871–1873)
    • Head of Government (Council President) : Jules Dufaure (1871–1873)

• Greece
  • King : George I (1863–1913)

• Italy
  • King : Victor Emanuel II (1861–1878)

• Monaco
  • Prince Charles III (1856-1889)

• Montenegro (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
  • Prince : Nikola I. Petrović Njegoš (1860–1918) (from 1910 king )

• Neutral Moresnet
  • Ruler: Leopold II (1865–1909)
  • King: Wilhelm I (1861–1888)
  • Mayor: Joseph Kohl (1859–1882)

• Netherlands
  • King: Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)

• Norway
  • King: Charles IV (1859–1872) (identical to Charles XV of Sweden; Norwegian-Swedish personal union)

• Ottoman Empire :
  • Sultan: Abdülaziz (1861–1876)

• Austria-Hungary
  • Emperor and King: Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)

• Portugal
  • King : Ludwig I (1861–1889)

• Romania (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
  • Head of State: Prince Karl I (1866–1914) (from 1881 King)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ion Ghica ( 1866–1867 , 1870–1871)
    • Prime Minister Lascăr Catargiu ( 1866 , 1871–1876, 1889, 1891–1895 )

• Russia
  • Emperor : Alexander II (1855-1881)

• Sweden
  • King : Charles XV. (1859–1872) (1859–1872 King of Norway)

• Serbia (until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty)
  • Prince : Milan Obrenović IV. (1868–1889) (from 1882 king)

• Spain
  • Regent Francisco Serrano Domínguez (1869–2 January 1871) (1868–1869 President of the Provisional Government, 1874 President)
  • King: Amadeus I (January 2, 1871–1873)

• Hungary
  • King : Franz Joseph I (1848–1916) (1848–1916 King of Bohemia, 1848–1916 Emperor of Austria)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State: Queen Victoria (1837–1901) (1877–1901 Empress of India)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone (1868–1874, 1880–1885, 1886, 1892–1894 )