List of pogroms and racial riots

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This list includes pogroms and race riots . It does not claim to be complete.

middle Ages

date Surname place Parties to the conflict Victim consequences
December 30, 1066 Granada massacre Granada Muslims vs. Jews around 4,000 Jews die End of the golden age of Judaism in Spain
1096 Gezerot Tatnu Holy Roman Empire Crusader vs. native Jews over 1,200 dead Jews
1146 Pogroms during the Second Crusade France , Holy Roman Empire Crusader vs. native Jews fewer deaths than in the first crusade
circa 1189 Pogroms during the Third Crusade Eurasia Crusader vs. native Jews ?
1266 Wroclaw Expulsion of the Jews from Breslau, as they were made responsible for epidemics and famine
1285 Munich Christians vs. Jews 180 dead Jews
1298 Beef pogrom Francs Christians vs. Jews at least 4,000 dead Jews
1319 Wroclaw The Jews were expelled again after they returned after paying a large ransom
1348 to 1351 Plague pogrom Central European cities Christian citizens and guilds vs. Jews ? Destruction of some Jewish communities, enrichment of the cities
January 16, 1349 Basel Jewish pogrom Basel Christians vs. Jews Destruction of the first Jewish community in Basel
February 14, 1349 Jewish pogrom in Strasbourg Strasbourg Christians vs. Jews Over 2,000 dead Jews
February 24, 1349 Zurich Jewish pogrom Zurich Christians vs. Jews All male Jews All debts of the murdered people were declared null and void.
1421 Viennese Gesera Vienna Christians vs. Jews 212 Jews are burned Razing of the ghetto
1440 pogrom Wroclaw Christians vs. Jews Reason: alleged Jewish sacrilege against hosts pogrom
1450 Bavaria-Landshut Duke vs. Jews ? Expulsion of the Jews from the partial duchy
1492 Mecklenburg Christians vs. Jews 27 dead Jews in Sternberg Expulsion of the Jews from Mecklenburg

To 1900

date Surname place Parties to the conflict Victim consequences
1498 to 1545 Sahwa Korea Aristocrats vs. intellectual ?
23/24 August 1572 Bartholomew Night Paris Catholics vs. Huguenots Thousands of dead Huguenots
17th century Cossack state Cossacks vs. Poles and Jews Over 100,000 dead Poles and Russian Jews
1712 New York slave revolt new York African slaves vs. Europeans Nine dead Europeans, 21 dead Africans Restricting African American Rights
October 9-22, 1740 Batavia massacre Batavia Dutch troops and local militiamen vs. Chinese 500 dead Dutch people, over 10,000 dead Chinese, over 500 injured Chinese lasting alienation of the two ethnic groups
Late March / early April 1793 Republic of Mainz Mainz Republic of Mainz (official decree of the MPs) Deportation of 300 Jews and around 1700 Christians (= non-voters in the election for the Mainz Republic), confiscation of property Including imprisonment of the deputies of the "Mainz Republic" after the capitulation of Mainz in July 1793
1819 Hep-Hep riots Europe Christians vs. Jews ? Beginning of anti-Semitism
July 7, 1834 Unrest against the liberation of slaves in New York New York City Abolitionist opponents vs. Abolitionists ?
1857 Buckland Riot Victoria Europeans vs. Chinese ? Chinese immigration rules
November 1860 to September 1861 Lambing Flat Riot Lambing Flats Europeans vs. Chinese 200 Chinese are displaced Adoption of the Chinese Immigration Act
1870/71 Orange riots Manhattan Order of Orange and Irish Catholic 71 dead, more than 150 wounded
1871 los Angeles Europeans vs. Chinese 18 Chinese immigrants die
1885 Rock Springs Europeans and Chinese At least 28 Chinese miners are killed
1894 to 1896 Hamid massacres Ottoman Empire Turks and Kurds vs. Armenians 100,000 to 200,000 Christian Armenians dead Beginning of the ethnic homogenization of the Sultanate
1895 Diyarbakir massacre Diyarbakır Muslim Ottomans vs. Christian Armenians at least 1,100 dead Armenians
October 30, 1895 Erzurum massacre Erzurum Ottomans vs. Armenians 1,200 dead Armenians
1898 Wilmington massacre Wilmington White Americans vs. African American at least 15 African Americans dead
1900 Robert Charles Riots New Orleans African American vs. white ?

1901 to 1945

date Surname place Parties to the conflict Victim consequences
1903 to 1906 Russian Empire Christians vs. Jews 2,000 Russian Jews Emigration of many Jews to Ottoman Palestine
1905 Armenian-Tatar War Ottoman Empire Azerbaijanis vs. Armenians up to 10,000 dead
September 1906 Race riots in Atlanta Atlanta White Americans vs. Black Americans At least 25 dead blacks, 2 dead whites
1907 Race riots on the Pacific coast United States West Coast White Americans vs. Chinese ?
1908 Race riots in Springfield Springfield Whites vs. Black Americans 5 dead whites, 2 dead blacks
April 1909 Adana massacre Vilayet Adana Muslims vs. Christians 20,000 to 30,000 Armenians dead Continuation of the ethnic homogenization of the Sultanate
1914 to 1923 Persecution of Greeks in the Ottoman Empire Asia Minor Ottomans vs. Greeks Over 100,000 dead Greeks Displacement and resettlement of the Greek population
1915/16 Genocide against the Armenians Ottoman Empire Turks vs. Armenians 300,000 to 1,500,000 Armenians dead
1915 to 1917 Genocide of the Assyrians and Aramaeans Ottoman Empire Turks vs. Assyrians and Arameans 55,000 dead Assyrians and Aramaeans
1917 and 1923 Rosewood massacre Rosewood White Americans vs. Black Americans ?
September 1918 Armenian pogrom in Baku Baku Ottomans vs. Armenians at least 10,000 dead Armenians
November 1918 First Kielce pogrom Kielce Christians vs. Jews 4 dead Jews
June 1919 Chaibalikend massacre Nagorno-Karabakh Azerbaijanis and Kurds vs. Armenians at least 600 dead Armenians
1920 Nabi Musa riots Jerusalem Arabs vs. Jews 5 dead and 216 injured Jews, 4 dead and 23 injured Arabs
March 1920 Shusha pogrom Shusha Azerbaijanis vs. Armenians at least 500 dead Armenians
March 31, 1920 Tulsa massacre Tulsa White Americans vs. African American approx. 300 dead, mostly black
August 1929 Hebron massacre Hebron Arabs vs. Jews 67 murdered Jews (mutilations, torture), raped Jews. Women The city of Hebron lost all of its native Jews
March 25, 1934 Blood Palm Sunday Gunzenhausen German vs. Jews
June to July 1934 Thrace pogrom Eastern Thrace Muslims vs. Jews ? Expulsion of the Jews
1935 Harlem uprisings of 1935 Harlem White Americans vs. Black Americans
May 13, 1937 Brest pogrom Brest Christians vs. Jews 50 injured Jews, 4 injured Christians Execution of a Jew
March 11, 1938 Frauenkirchen and Burgenland Frauenkirchen National Socialists vs. Jews The day before the German invasion, the Anschluss of Austria . Detention camp, deportation.
9/10 November 1938 Reichskristallnacht German Empire National Socialist Christians vs. Jews about 400 dead Jews Internment of around 30,000 Jews in concentration camps
September 3 to 4, 1939 Bromberg Bloody Sunday Polish corridor Poland vs. German at least 4,000 dead Germans
June 1st to 2nd, 1941 Farhud Baghdad Muslims vs. Jews 175 dead, 1,000 injured Jews and over 300 dead non-Jews Looting of Jewish property
June 2, 1941 Death train from Iași Iași Christian Romanians vs. Jews over 10,000 dead
July 10, 1941 Jedwabne massacre Jedwabne Christian Poles vs. Jews at least 340 dead Jews
25./26. August 1941 Tykocin massacre Tykocin Germans and Poles vs. Jews 1500 dead Jews
September 3, 1942 Pogrom in the Marolls Brussels German Wehrmacht vs. Jews 718 dead Jews
1943 Polish-Ukrainian conflict in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia Volhynia and Eastern Galicia Ukrainians vs. Poland 50,000-100,000 dead Acts of revenge on the Ukrainian civilian population by Polish nationalists
January 29, 1944 Koniuchy massacre Near Vilnius Soviet and Jewish partisans vs. Poland at least 130 dead Poles Destruction of the Koniuchy village
December 1, 1944 Thiaroye massacre at Pikine French colonial soldiers vs. Senegal shooters at least 35 Senegalese dead Prison sentences for 34 ringleaders
May 9, 1945 Leština massacre Leština Czechs vs. German several dead Germans no legal action against the perpetrators
August 11, 1945 Krakow pogrom Krakow Christians vs. Jews 1 dead Jewess
July 31, 1945 Aussig massacre Aussig Czechs vs. German 2,000 dead Germans
September 24, 1945 Topoľčany pogrom Topoľčany Christian Slovaks vs. Jews 47 injured
1945 to 1949 Cairo pogroms Cairo Muslims vs. Jews At least 114 dead and 630 wounded Jews
November 5-7, 1945 First pogrom in Tripoli Tripoli Muslims vs. Jews 140 dead Jews

Since 1946

date Surname place Parties to the conflict Victim consequences
4th July 1946 Second Kielce pogrom Kielce Christians vs. Jews over 40 dead Jews 9 death sentences for Poland
1947 Aden pogrom middle East Muslims vs. Jews 82 dead, 76 injured Jews Destruction of the Jewish Aden community
1947 Manama pogrom Manama Muslims vs. Jews ?
December 1947 Aleppo pogrom Aleppo Muslims vs. Jews 75 dead Jews Wave of displacement
7th / 8th June 1948 Oujda and Jerada pogroms Oujda and Jerada Muslims vs. Jews 42 dead Jews
June 1948 Second Tripoli pogrom Tripoli Muslims vs. Jews 13 dead Jews Destruction of at least 280 Jewish houses
January 1949 Riots in Durban Durban South Africans vs. In the 142 dead, 1,087 wounded great destruction
August 5, 1949 Attack on the Menarsha Synagogue Jewish quarter of Damascus Muslims vs. Jews 12 dead Jews
6./7. 1955 Istanbul pogrom Istanbul , Izmir , Ankara Turkish Muslims vs. Christian Greeks and Armenians, Jews 11 to 15 dead, Greek emigration, property damage of 25 to 500 million US dollars
May 1963 Riots in Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama Ku Klux Klan and white cops vs. black protesters ? Injured, a dead cop
1965 Watts riot los Angeles White Police vs. majority African American population 34 dead, over 1000 injured, property damage of over 40 million US dollars
July 23-28, 1967 Race riot in Detroit Detroit White Americans vs. African American 43 dead, 1,189 injured
February 8, 1968 Orangeburg massacre Orangeburg Police vs. Protesters 3 dead African Americans
June 16, 1976 Soweto uprising Soweto Black Africans vs. White african ?
1977 Pogrom in Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Nationalists vs. Sri Lankan Tamils 300 dead Sri Lankan Tamils
December 1978 Kahramanmaras pogrom Turkey Muslims vs. Alevis at least 100 dead
4th July 1980 Corum pogrom Çorum Muslims vs. Alevis ?
1983 Black July Sri Lanka Sinhalese vs. Sri Lankan Tamils at least 400 dead
February 27, 1988 Pogrom in Sumgait Sumgait Azerbaijanis vs. Armenians 41 dead, 150 dead First high point in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
November 1988 Pogrom in Kirovabad Kirovabad Azerbaijanis vs. Armenians at least 130 dead Armenians
January 1990 Pogrom in Baku Baku Azerbaijanis vs. Armenians 90 dead Armenians
February 1990 Riots in Dushanbe Dushanbe Tajiks vs. Armenians 22 dead, 565 injured
February 1992 Khojaly massacre Chodjali Armenians vs. Azerbaijanis at least 100 dead Azerbaijanis
April 10, 1992 Maraga massacre Trtər Azerbaijanis vs. Armenians up to 53 dead
April 29, 1992 Riots in Los Angeles los Angeles African American vs. white Americans at least 53 dead
22-26 August 1992 Riots in Rostock-Lichtenhagen Mecklenburger Allee in Rostock-Lichtenhagen German mob vs. Police and Vietnamese asylum seekers ?
1998 and 2000 Koscheh massacre near Cairo Muslims vs. Copts at least 21 dead Copts
October 24, 2000 Bindunuwewa massacre Sri Lanka Majority population vs. Sri Lankan Tamils 26 dead Sri Lankan Tamils
March 17, 2004 Kosovo riots Kosovo Albanians vs. Serbs and Roma at least 19 dead
December 2005 Cronulla Riots Sydney Australians vs. Arab immigrants Several injured Discussion about patriotism and multiculturalism
April 18, 2007 Murders in the Zirve publishing house Malatya Muslims vs. Christians 3 dead
January 7, 2010 Nag Hammadi massacre Nag Hammadi Muslims vs. Copts ?
May 7, 2011 Attack on the churches of Imbaba Cairo Muslims vs. Copts 15 dead, 232 injured 3 Coptic churches are burned down
2014 Ferguson Riots Ferguson African American vs. white Americans ?
June 23, 2018 Another pogrom against Roma in Ukraine Lviv Ukrainians vs. Roma 1 dead, several other people were seriously injured, including a 10-year-old child
February 24, 2020 Riots in North East Delhi Delhi Hindus vs. Muslims 53 dead

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jacek Wijaczka: Accusations of ritual murder and trials in Poland-Lithuania from the 16th to the 18th century. In: Susanna Buttaroni, S Musiał (Ed.): Ritual Murder - Legends in European History. Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2003, pp. 213–232, here: p. 215.
  2. ↑ G. Och : Old fairy tales of the cruelty of the Jews - On the reception of anti-Jewish blood guilt myths by the romantics. In: Rainer Erb (ed.) #: The legend of ritual murder: on the history of the accusation of blood against Jews. (= Technical University of Berlin . Center for Research on Antisemitism: Series of Documents, Texts, Materials. Volume 6). Metropol, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-926893-15-X , p. 244.
  3. ↑ Pogroms even before the "Anschluss" orf.at, March 7, 2018, accessed March 7, 2018.
  4. ↑ Sven Felix Kellerhoff: The pogrom about which Poland forbids all questions , in: welt.de of March 3, 2018, last accessed on March 3, 2018.
  5. ↑ a b Samuel Misteli, Julia Monn: “The language of the unheard”: Chronology of the race riots in the USA since the 1960s , in: Neue Zürcher Zeitung of June 3, 2020.
  6. ↑ Re pogrom against Roma in Ukraine , Hagalil.com , 26 June 2018
  7. ^ Another pogrom against Roma in Ukraine , Central Council of German Sinti and Roma , June 26, 2018
  8. ↑ Delhi riots: Violence that killed 53 in Indian capital 'was anti-Muslim pogrom', says top expert , The Independent, March 8, 2020