Mírov
| Mírov | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Olomoucký kraj | ||||
| District : | Šumperk | ||||
| Area : | 1359 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 48 ' N , 16 ° 51' E | ||||
| Height: | 395 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 375 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 789 53 | ||||
| License plate : | M. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Lukavice - Borušov | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Jaroslav Jílek (as of 2009) | ||||
| Address: | Mírov 47 789 01 Zábřeh |
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| Municipality number: | 569381 | ||||
| Website : | www.obecmirov.cz | ||||
Mírov (German Mürau ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located six kilometers northwest of Mohelnice and belongs to the Okres Šumperk .
geography
Mírov is located on the left above the Mírovka valley in the mountains of the Mirovská vrchovina ( Mürauer Uplands ), part of the Zábřežská vrchovina ( Hohenstädter Uplands ). The Mírov penal institution sits enthroned on a hill to the southwest above the town. To the north rises the Studničná ( Steinberg , 483 m) and in the south the Vraní Kopec ( Rabenberg , 465 m).
Neighboring towns are Krchleby , Nové Sady and Řepová in the north, Květín in the north-east, Libivá and Křemačov in the east, Podolíčko and Podolí in the south-east, Mírovský Grunt, Vyšehorky , Líšnice , Zavadilka, Bušín and Stvudená Loučka, Nový Malvůín andů in the south, Svý Dvojan in the southeast, Mírovíček, Starý Maletín and Javoří in the west and Dlouhá Ves in the northwest.
history
Mírov was probably founded in the 12th century during the colonization of the country under the Přemyslids . The the Diocese of Olomouc associated Castle Mürau was first mentioned in 1266 and formed next Mohelnice one of the centers further colonization of the mountainous region under Bishop Bruno of Schauenburg and also a counterbalance to the sovereign Castle Úsov . From 1320 the Gau Mürau and Müglitz became an episcopal feudal area, the associated goods were handed out to various vassals, including the Vladiken von Zwole, Rájec and Mírov as a manslehn. A small town emerged in front of the castle. In the middle of the 14th century, the episcopal feudal administration was transferred from Müglitz to Mürau Castle, and the office of bailiff was transferred to the Vladiken von Zwole . Since the 14th century, parts of the rule were increasingly given as pledge. The castle also served as an episcopal hunting seat and dungeon. During the Hussite Wars , Mürau served Bishop Johann von Bucca as a base for his 3,000-strong army. In 1424 the Hussites tried unsuccessfully to take Mürau. In the second half of the 15th century, the diocese released the pledged parts again and united the rule to table goods of the diocese. Johann Filipec had the fortifications reinforced in 1484. By the end of the 16th century, Mürau Castle became the center of the unified episcopal rule Mürau- Zwittau , which was created through continuous expansion and included two cities, two markets and 46 villages.
In 1643 Mürau was occupied and sacked by the Swedes during the Thirty Years' War . Because of the Turkish threat, Bishop Karl II had the medieval castle converted into a mighty baroque fortress between 1679 and 1694. In 1750 a priest's prison was set up on the fortress for the entire diocese and the prisoners previously housed in Hochwald Castle were brought to Mürau. In 1762 a new building was built for this "prison for the clergy", which in 1801 was expanded to include parts of the old castle. In 1839 the largest armory in Moravia was on the Mürau fortress.
In 1848 the Mürau market had 2,400 inhabitants. After the abolition of patrimonial Mürau with the districts Müraugrund, Möhrdörfel and Neustift formed a market town in the Hohenstadt district from 1850 . Archbishop Friedrich Egon von Fürstenberg sold the fortress to the Imperial and Royal Monarchy in 1854. In the following year the armory was closed and in 1856 the fortress was converted into one of the largest penitentiaries for serious criminals in the Bohemian lands. However, this had the consequence that the number of residents steadily decreased. In 1900 Mürau consisted of 130 houses and had 1740 inhabitants including the prison inmates, of which 1243 were Germans and 489 Czechs. 1139 of the inhabitants lived in Markt Mürau (31 houses, including the prison), 335 in Mürauer Grund (57 houses), 152 in Neustift (23 houses) and 114 in Möhrdörfl (19 houses). Until the founding of Czechoslovakia , the small town on the edge of the Schönhengstgau was inhabited by Germans. After that, a Czech minority settled, consisting mainly of prison staff. In 1930 Mürau / Mírov had 1,016 inhabitants, including 651 Germans and 339 Czechs.
On October 10, 1938, the German troops marched into Mürau according to the Munich Agreement . Most of the Czechs then left Mürau. The market town was added to the German Reich and belonged to the Hohenstadt district until 1945 . In 1939 Mürau had 725 inhabitants. During the time of National Socialism, the prison initially served as a penal facility for political prisoners and prisoners on remand. In 1942 the prison was converted into a tuberculosis prison for Slavic prisoners. Up to 1945 around 700 Czechs and Poles suffering from TBC were brought from the prisons throughout the Reich to the cold and wet rooms at the Mürau fortress. Of the approximately 3,500 people imprisoned between 1938 and 1945, around a fifth died.
After the Second World War , the Germans were expelled from Mírov in 1945 . After the Communists came to power, the Mírov prison was again used to house political prisoners. In 1948 Mírov lost the status of Městys . In 1950, 676 people lived in 94 houses in the village. At the end of 1960 the Okres Zábřeh was dissolved and the municipality was assigned to the Okres Šumperk . In 1976 Mírova was incorporated into Řepová and together with this in 1980 it was incorporated into the city of Mohelnice . In 1990 the village regained its independence. In 1991 the place consisted of 79 residential buildings with 407 residents. The prison now serves as a penal facility for serious criminals.
Community structure
No districts are shown for the municipality of Mírov. Mírov includes the localities of Mírovský Grunt ( Müraugrund ), Mírovíček ( Möhrdörfel ) and Nové Sady ( Neustift ).
Attractions
The most striking building is the neo-Gothic Mírov penal institution (Věznice Mírov). The building complex, which emerged from a medieval castle of the Olomouc bishops from the 13th century, was converted into a baroque fortress between 1679 and 1684. In 1856 it was converted into a prison. The facility still serves as a prison today.
In the park near the castle there is the place of the prisoner pastor Christoph Alois Lautner , where there is a memorial for the victims of the witch hunt .
In the center of the village are the ruins of the baroque church of St. Maria Magdalena, which was built in the last third of the 17th century according to plans by Giovanni Pietro Tencalla .
