Neustadt near Coburg

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Neustadt near Coburg
Neustadt near Coburg
Map of Germany, position of the city of Neustadt b.Coburg highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 20 '  N , 11 ° 7'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Franconia
County : Coburg
Height : 344 m above sea level NHN
Area : 61.9 km 2
Residents: 15,173 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 245 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 96465
Area code : 09568
License plate : CO, NEC
Community key : 09 4 73 151
City structure: 21 districts

City administration address : 		Georg-Langbein-Str. 1
96465 Neustadt near Coburg
Website : www.neustadt-bei-coburg.de
Lord Mayor : Frank Rebhan ( SPD )
Location of the city of Neustadt near Coburg in the Coburg district
Callenberger Forst-West Gellnhausen Landkreis Haßberge Coburg Landkreis Kronach Landkreis Lichtenfels Weitramsdorf Weidhausen bei Coburg Untersiemau Sonnefeld Rödental Bad Rodach Niederfüllbach Neustadt bei Coburg Meeder Lautertal (Oberfranken) Itzgrund Grub am Forst Großheirath Ebersdorf bei Coburg Dörfles-Esbach Ahorn (Landkreis Coburg) Seßlach Landkreis Bamberg Thüringenmap
About this picture
Neustadt near Coburg from the south
Downtown from the south

Neustadt bei Coburg (officially: Neustadt b.Coburg ), formerly Neustadt an der Heyde , is a large district town in the Upper Franconian district of Coburg and forms a geographically and economically cohesive urban unit with the neighboring Thuringian twin town of Sonneberg .

geography

Geographical location

Neustadt bei Coburg is located in the northeast of the Coburg district in the Upper Main hill country on the southern foothills of the Franconian Forest , at the foot of the Neustadt "Hausberg", the Muppberg , a 515.5 meter high witness mountain . The Röden flows through the city center and the Steinach through the eastern parts of the city .

City structure

Neustadt bei Coburg is divided into the core city and the 21 districts:

history

Evangelical town church St. Georg, main entrance
Evangelical Resurrection Church

City names

Neustadt bei Coburg was called Neustadt an der Heyde until 1850 , then Neustadt an der Haide . From July 1, 1892, the official name was Neustadt (Duchy of Coburg). 1921 it was officially renamed Neustadt bei Coburg .

The sovereigns in the Middle Ages

When Count Hermann von Wolweswac in the second half of the twelfth century with the construction of a toll castle on the Rödenfurt the city Neustadt founded, the sovereignty was in the hands of the Counts of Andechs , the later Dukes of Meran. The market town (forum) Neustadt was first mentioned in a document dated June 16, 1248 . The next rulers were the Hennebergers , under whom Neustadt was designated as a city ​​in 1316 . In 1353 Neustadt came to the House of Wettin as part of the Coburg Care Department , which it remained with until the end of the First World War. Since then, the city has also had the double-tailed, red-armored black lion in its coat of arms, which reminds of the Wettin sovereign of that time, the Margrave Friedrich the Strict of Meissen .

Development of the city until 1500

Neustadt was on an important military and trade route between Nuremberg and Leipzig , whose ford through the Röden or the bridge over the river was the reason for the customs station. The street ensured the boom in the handicrafts and accommodation businesses. The Zentgericht , previously located in today's Fechheim district, the former spiritual and secular center of the area, was moved to Neustadt in the 14th century. Around the same time, the city received a parish church, after only the pilgrimage church of St. Ottilia had existed on the Muppberg before. At the end of the Middle Ages, the city probably had around 570 inhabitants. From 1510 on, a medieval leprosy can be found in Neustadt , which was called a special hospital and existed until 1632.

reformation

As in the entire Electorate of Saxony , the Reformation found its way into Neustadt early. Between 1525 and 1528, the exact time is not known, the council and the parishioners appointed Bartholomäus Wyeser, the first evangelical preacher, because they no longer agreed with their clergy, who were caught up in the old doctrine. In 1530 Martin Luther preached on Good Friday in Neustadt's Sankt-Georg-Kirche.

Wars and fires

City fire in 1839

Shortly before the Thirty Years War , the city should have grown to around 1000 inhabitants. During the war it became clear that the location on the street, which was now also used by the various warring parties, could indirectly have a destructive effect. Despite the neutrality of the sovereign ruler of Coburg, Duke Johann Casimir , the troop marches caused great damage, which became much worse after the Duchy entered the war. Without enemy influence, however, there was a major fire in the city in 1636, after which only 36 of around 190 fireplaces were left. In 1839 a second major fire destroyed 179 of the city's 226 houses, including the town hall with the archive. The church was badly damaged.

The toy industry

Bahnhofstrasse: Former work 1 by Max Oscar Arnold and later by Hausser

Due to the proximity of the Thuringian Forest, there were soon woodworking craftsmen in Neustadt such as joiners, joiners, turners , Ludelmacher (manufacturers of wooden baby bottles), spoonbills and Büttner, who also manufactured dockworks , i.e. toys. Around 1600, people began to decorate the products of these craftsmen in the neighboring Sonneberg with the newly developed bismuth painting . Johann Andreas Greiner, the first representative of the painting and embossing trade, settled in Neustadt in 1748. Embossers formed the so-called dough , a mass of black flour and glue water, freely out of the hand into toys. The toy manufacturing eventually became the most important economic sector in Neustadt. A large number of house traders were active in differentiated manufacturing processes. There were doll makers, arm and leg painters, doll shoemakers, eye inserters, eyelash makers, doll hairdressers, etc .; a few larger factories also emerged, the most important being those of Max Oscar Arnold . The industry had its greatest boom from 1870 onwards through exports. With the First World War , this sales market collapsed, and the former buyer countries set up their own toy factories. With the Elastolin figures from the company O. & M. Hausser , another relevant production company came to Neustadt in 1937.

Decision for Bavaria

When the monarchy came to an end in 1918 with the end of the First World War, this also applied to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , to which Neustadt last belonged. Initially, the city was part of the Free State of Coburg . But since this was too small for itself, a decision had to be made regarding the connection to Bavaria or Thuringia . In a referendum on November 30, 1919, 276 Neustädter citizens voted for the Free State of Coburg to join the Thuringian state and 2794 against. From July 1, 1920, Neustadt also belonged to the Free State of Bavaria . The Neustadt industrialist and politician Max Oscar Arnold had actively campaigned for this connection.

The political conditions in the Weimar Republic

Neustadt was considered to be "leftist" in the early 1920s. Hardly any supporters of Hitler came from Neustadt to the German Day in Coburg in 1922, but many counter-demonstrators. In 1923 a local branch of the NSDAP was founded in Neustadt; Already in the Reichstag election in May 1924 it was able to achieve a success with 42.33% for the Völkischer Block , but its share of the vote in the elections in December 1924 fell again to 25.48%.

In 1927 the National Socialists held a Frankentag in Neustadt, at which Adolf Hitler also gave a speech. In the run-up, the National Socialist Franz Schwede from Coburg had announced that the city's party was by no means certain: “Neustadt! - This has been a well-defined term for every SA man and every political soldier of the Führer for years . For years this Marxist hotbed has been defending itself against the penetration of National Socialism within its walls with all brutal means of communist fighting methods . Neustadt! - That means fight down to the knife, fight down to the blood! ”. However, 68 residents of Neustadt also received the gold party badge .

Sweden's statement shows the strong polarization of political opinion in Neustadt at this time. This was also due to the social structure of the city, which was described as follows in 1923: “Neustadt has around 9,000 inhabitants. […] In contrast to most Bavarian medium-sized towns, Neustadt is a purely industrial location. The population is made up of a large number of smaller toy manufacturers, homeworkers working for this trade and the workers of some larger companies. "

The Reichstag election of 1928 brought 36.15% of the votes for the NSDAP, but also 40.37% for the SPD and 9.85% for the KPD (all others together: 13.63%). From July 1932 the National Socialists (48.89%) outstripped the left-wing parties (SPD: 34.33%, KPD: 11.31%, others: 5.47%). The election of March 1933 resulted in 50.47% of the votes for the National Socialists compared to 32.44% for the SPD and 11.35% for the KPD (the rest together 5.13%). Mayor Stelzner was urged to resign in 1934 and replaced by an " old fighter ".

Buchenwald subcamp

At the request of the Siemens cable and line works in Neustadt since 1936, a number of 400 women from the Ravensbrück concentration camp were made available to him in 1944 . The women, all of them Jewish Hungarians , had to do heavy physical labor. There were no deaths in the camp. When the Americans approached in April 1945, the camp was disbanded; the women were sent to the Czech Republic, where the (remaining) group at Taus ( Domazlice ) disbanded. In addition to these concentration camp inmates , the Siemens company also had foreign workers , e. B. from the Ukraine, Poland and Italy, and also prisoners of war , especially from France.

The time after 1945

In the period from 1945 to 1989 Neustadt was influenced by the situation on the inner-German border . The border security systems encompassed the city in north, east and west directions, so that the relations of the Neustadt basin in economy and traffic had to be realigned. The economic connections to the nearby city of Sonneberg and its surroundings were interrupted. On the other hand , new branches of industry settled in, later flanked by the state zone border subsidies . As a result of the refugee movements from southern Thuringia, businesses in the Christmas tree decoration industry from the Thuringian Forest emerged in Neustadt. In addition to this industry, it was above all the toy industry and the electrotechnical industry (cable and wire works) that created the basis for Neustadt's prosperous economic development in the post-war period. However, the increase in German foreign trade put companies in the consumer goods industry under increasing pressure from foreign competition. The result was a structural change that gradually changed Neustadt's commercial face. The municipal reform brought about 21 districts in Neustadt in the 1970s, but also the loss of district freedom .

21st century

The 14th Franconian Day was celebrated on July 6th and 7th, 2019 by the Upper Franconia district together with the Bavarian state government and the two host cities Sonneberg and Neustadt bei Coburg for the first time across borders with over 25,000 visitors under the motto: GEMEINSAM.FRÄNKISCH.STARK.

Social

The Neustadt district of Haarbrücken / Siemensring was part of the federal-state funding program for districts with special development needs - social city . The aim of the program was to stabilize and improve the housing and living conditions as well as the economic basis of the district. In addition, the life chances of the residents should be increased by imparting abilities, skills and knowledge. In addition, attempts were made to improve the image through increased public relations work. An important part of the project was the district management , whose office in the Haarbrücken district was available as a contact point for all residents of the district . The tasks of the district management were to activate, strengthen and stabilize the competencies and potentials available in the district with the active participation of local social institutions such as the Haarbrück primary school, the Rabennest kindergarten, the Protestant church and the FC Haarbrücken. In addition, the district management should serve to improve the communication of the residents in the sense of a positive neighborhood and to initiate more projects to improve the individual and family living situation, the conditions of the living environment and the social and cultural infrastructure. State funding for the project ended in 2013.

Incorporations

Former parish Residents
(1970)		 date annotation
Aicha 0052 01/01/1971 Merger with five other municipalities to form Wasung
Mountain village 0298 05/01/1978
Birkig 0123 07/01/1972
Boderndorf 0066 01/01/1974
Brus - 07/01/1968 Merger with three other municipalities to form Bergdorf
Ebersdorf near Neustadt near Coburg 0267 05/01/1978
Fechheim 0161 01/01/1971 Merger with five other municipalities to form Wasung
Fürth on the mountain 0510 01/01/1971 Merger with five other municipalities to form Wasung
Hair bridges 0986 05/01/1978
Heck - 07/01/1968 Merger with three other municipalities to form Bergdorf
Horb near Fürth am Berg - 07/01/1967 Incorporation to Fürth am Berg
Kemmaten 0082 01/01/1971 Incorporation after hair bridges
Ketschenbach 0590 01/01/1972
Meilschnitz 0314 05/01/1978
Mean washes 0073 01/01/1971 Merger with five other municipalities to form Wasung
Pleat 0103 01/01/1971 Merger with five other municipalities to form Wasung
Rüttmannsdorf - 07/01/1968 Merger with three other municipalities to form Bergdorf
Thann 0342 05/01/1978
Submissions 0095 01/01/1971 Merger with five other municipalities to form Wasung
Wasung 0994 01/01/1976
Weimersdorf - 07/01/1968 Merger with three other municipalities to form Bergdorf
Wellmersdorf 0122 05/01/1978
Wildenheid 1853 05/01/1978

Others

Every year on a Saturday in July, the children's festival is celebrated, the origin of which goes back to a Gregorius festival, which in Neustadt has a tradition of more than 450 years. A market festival takes place on the following Sunday.

The city has been awarding the Max Oscar Arnold Art Prize for contemporary puppet art since 1995, which is awarded during the Ascension Week as part of the International Puppet Festival.

population

Age structure - different age groups compared from 1970, 1987 and 2010

Population development

Population development of Neustadt bei Coburg from 1840 to 2017 according to the table below
year Residents year Residents
1840 4,327 2001 16,684
1871 5,783 2005 16,511
1900 9,274 2010 15,815
1925 12,122 2015 15,227
1939 13.131 2018 15,257
1950 17,859 2019
1961 18,077
1970 18,472
1987 16,230
1991 16,931
1995 16,833

forecast

The forecast opposite compared to the real development from 1990 to 2017
year Residents year Residents
2010 15,820 2020 14,690
2011 15,720 2021 14,570
2012 15,610 2022 14,460
2013 15,500 2023 14,360
2014 15,390 2024 14,260
2015 15,270 2025 14,160
2016 15,150 2026 14,060
2017 15,030 2027 13,970
2018 14,920 2028 13,880
2019 14,800 2029 13,790

politics

City council

The city ​​council consists of 24 honorary members and, according to the election of March 15, 2020, is composed as follows:

Party / list Share of votes Seats
CSU 30.82% 7th
SPD 39.64% 010
FWG 14.81% 04th
ödp 06.03% 01
AfD 08.70% 02

mayor

The mayor of the city is Frank Rebhan (SPD), who took office in 1995 as the successor to Irene Schneider-Böttcher (independent). In 2007 he was elected for the third time and received 67.89% of the vote, in 2013 he was confirmed with 63.11%. In 2020 he got 72.82% of the vote in a runoff election.

coat of arms

Description : A double-tailed, red-armed black lion in gold. The coat of arms refers to the transfer of the city to Friedrich the Strict in 1353, Margrave of Meissen, the first Wettin sovereign.

Town twinning

Working group Neustadt in Europe

A municipal partnership with Villeneuve-sur-Lot in France has existed since August 27, 1977 . A partnership was agreed with Sonneberg on February 10, 1990. There are connections to 36 other cities and municipalities from seven countries (Germany, Austria, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and the Netherlands) within the framework of the “ New Town in Europe Working Group ”.

Culture and sights

Museums

  • Museum of the German Toy Industry with a collection of costume dolls
  • Information point on the division of Germany 1945–1990
  • Historical Christmas Museum

Churches

Architectural monuments

economy

Ferngaswerk

In 1921, with the participation of the city of Sonneberg, a long-distance gas works with gasometer operated by Thüga was built, which ensured the gas supply in the districts of Coburg and Sonneberg. The gas deliveries to the Sonneberg district were maintained across the zone border until the 1950s.

Cable and wire works in Neustadt

On February 1, 1937, the Neustadt cable factory of Siemens-Schuckert-Werke AG started operations and shaped the city's economic situation into the 21st century. By 1975 the number of employees (including branch factories) rose to 3400, which made the city of Neustadt an economic beacon in the structurally weak border area . In 1998, the Italian cable and tire manufacturer Pirelli took over the German cable works from Siemens with locations in Berlin, Schwerin and Neustadt. The financial investor Prysmian Cables and Systems in turn acquired Pirelli's cable division in 2005. In 2017, the company in Neustadt employed 475 people who plan, design, manufacture and deliver over 4,000 products.

In 1980 Siemens founded Siecor GmbH & Co. KG, a joint venture with Corning , and in 1986 the production of fiber optic cables began in Neustadt. In 2000, Siemens sold its stake in the factory, which had almost 1,000 employees at the time, to Corning. In 2009 there were still around 100 employees in the copper competence center, IT and development department.

Diepa

The company Diepa, formerly August Rich Dietz & Sohn, founded in 1873, produces special steel ropes for a variety of applications with around 390 employees.

Giesecke & Devrient

At the beginning of May 2015, the company Giesecke & Devrient announced that it would be relocating the personalization of chip cards ( SIM cards , health cards , etc.) from Munich to Neustadt. Part of the site at Austraße 101 to 103 is to be used for this purpose. After the sale by Corning in 2008, Gehrlicher Solar AG was initially based there, but filed for bankruptcy in 2013.

rolly toys

rolly toys / Franz Schneider GmbH & Co KG is a manufacturer of children's vehicles. The company was founded by Franz and Rosa Schneider in Neustadt in 1938. rolly toys produces over 280,000 pedal tractors and a further 50,000 children's vehicles every year.

Angry

Sauer is a manufacturer of plastic packaging and hollow bodies. The family business was founded in 1938 by Erich Sauer in Neustadt. The company employs around 570 people, 360 of them in Neustadt.

Telenec

The Telenec company supplies the entire city center and the districts of Ebersdorf, Haarbrücken, Ketschenbach, Meilschnitz, Thann and Wildenheid with internet, telephony, television and radio programs via its own broadband cable and fiber optic network.

Non-profit housing cooperative Neustadt bei Coburg eG

The non-profit housing cooperative Neustadt bei Coburg eG, GWG, is the largest housing provider in Neustadt bei Coburg. The GWG was founded in 1922. It manages around 900 of its own rental apartments and has around 1500 members.

traffic

Road connection

As a result of its location on the former inner-German border, Neustadt's transport links were unfavorable for decades. This changed with the commissioning of Autobahn 73 in September 2008. The journey times to the south (Lichtenfels-Bamberg-Nuremberg) and north (Suhl-Erfurt) have been significantly reduced as a result. Furthermore Neustadt is connected to the regional road network with the state roads 2202 to Coburg and Sonneberg and 2708 to Kronach. With the completion of the Rödental bypass at the end of 2011, the connection to the A73 was improved.

Rail connection

Railroad-Coburg-Land

Until after the Second World War, the city had a connection to the Coburg – Sonneberg – Ernstthal railway on Rennsteig as well as a connection to the so-called Steinach Valley Railway, which was shut down after the Second World War due to the course of the railway through Thuringia . Today's Neustadt district of Fürth am Berg was served by the Steinach Valley Railway until June 1, 1975.

With the division of Germany, the train service between Neustadt and Sonneberg was also interrupted, making Neustadt the end point of the Coburg – Sonneberg connection. After German reunification, this line was reactivated in 1992.

Repeated expansion measures on the rail network, at the stops and train stations have allowed this electrified train connection to grow into a high-performance public transport service.

For the 2011 winter timetable change on December 11, 2011, an hourly connection to Nuremberg was created. Due to a lack of vehicles, this was initially realized with a one-time change in Bamberg, but since the 2012 winter timetable it has run continuously from Sonneberg to Nuremberg, with trains running every hour in both directions.

schools

Arnold-Gymnasium Neustadt

Personalities

Honorary citizen

→ Main article: List of honorary citizens of Neustadt bei Coburg

sons and daughters of the town

Heinrich Schaumberger

Personalities who have worked on site

Dialect and vernacular

Itzgründisch , a Main Franconian dialect , is spoken in Neustadt . The residents themselves describe their dialect as "Neustadterisch".

literature

  • Helmut Scheuerich: History of the city of Neustadt near Coburg in the twentieth century . First volume, Neustadt bei Coburg 1989.
  • Helmut Scheuerich: History of the city of Neustadt near Coburg in the twentieth century . Second volume, Neustadt bei Coburg 1993.

Web links

Commons : Neustadt bei Coburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation: Landscape profile: Obermainisches Hügelland ( memento of the original from August 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bfn.de
  3. ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation: Landscape profile: Franconian Forest ( Memento of the original from October 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bfn.de
  4. ↑ Helmut Scheuerich: History of the City of Neustadt near Coburg in the Twentieth Century , Second Volume, 1993, p. 1.
  5. ^ Government and Intelligence Gazette for the Duchy of Coburg, July 2, 1892
  6. ^ Bavarian State Gazette, April 22, 1921.
  7. ↑ Documentation: Medieval leprosories in today's Bavaria, originally in "Die Klapper" 1995, journal of the Society for Leprosy, accessed August 10, 2017 ( Memento of the original from February 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and still Not checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.muenster.org
  8. ^ Bavarian Economic Archives, Munich
  9. ^ Coburger Zeitung, issue no.280 from December 1, 1919
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g Wilhelm Volkert (Ed.): Handbook of the Bavarian offices, municipalities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 442 .
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Federal Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 679 and 680 .
  12. ↑ a b Wilhelm Volkert (Ed.): Handbook of the Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 601 .
  13. ↑ a b c d Helmut Scheuerich: History of the city of Neustadt near Coburg in the twentieth century . First volume, Neustadt 1989, p. 27.
  14. ↑ Helmut shy Erich: history of the city Neustadt bei Coburg in the twentieth century . First volume, Neustadt 1989, p. 25.
  15. ↑ City council elections 2020
  16. ↑ Card soon from Neustadt on infranken.de, on May 6, 2015
  17. ↑ telenec.de: coverage area
  18. ↑ 125 years of the SPD Neustadt 1876–2001 / Chronicle: Helmut Scheuerich. Neustadt near Coburg 2001