Úsov
| Úsov | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Olomoucký kraj | ||||
| District : | Šumperk | ||||
| Area : | 930 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 48 ' N , 17 ° 0' E | ||||
| Height: | 280 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,183 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 789 73 | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Mohelnice - Uničov | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 2 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Zdeněk Ticháček (as of 2008) | ||||
| Address: | náměstí Míru 86 789 73 Úsov |
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| Municipality number: | 541222 | ||||
| Website : | www.usov.cz | ||||
Úsov ( hanakisch Hosov , German Moravian Aussee , formerly Aussee , Yiddish Aßjwa ) is a city in the Czech Republic in Okres Šumperk .
geography
The city is located in Moravia 14 kilometers southeast of Zábřeh ( Hohenstadt an der March ) in the Ausseer hill country (Úsovská vrchovina) on the Doubravka brook. The protected landscape area CHKO Litovelské Pomoraví extends to the south .
Neighboring towns are Klopina in the north, Pískov and Holubice in the north-east, Dědinka and Zadní Újezd in the east, Medlov and Hlivice in the south-east, Králová in the south, Moravičany in the south-west, Stavenice and Třeština in the west and Police in the north-west.
history
The place was first mentioned in a document in 1260 when the castle was handed over to the Olomouc castellan, Aegidius von Schwabenitz, for loyal service. In 1276 the castle fell back to the Margraves of Moravia . In 1408 Johann von Wlaschim received the castle as a pledge. Under the Lords of Wlaschim, the castle was rebuilt in 1487. After Ladislaus von Boskowitz had acquired the property in 1513, he had the castle redesigned into a renaissance palace. During the reign of Albrecht von Boskowitz, three Jews were among the 58 citizens of the city. The number of Jews rose steadily in the years that followed. With the death of Johann Schembera Černohorský von Boskowitz in 1597, his inheritance fell to his son-in-law Charles I of Liechtenstein . To the east of the village, iron ore was mined near Starzendorf and iron hammers worked in Aussee. During the Thirty Years' War the place was down and the hammer mills went out. In 1830 the Jewish community comprised 656 people, about a quarter of the total population.
After the abolition of patrimonial Mährisch Aussee formed from 1850 with the districts Kilch, Schloßhäuseln and Waitzenfeld a municipality in the district of Hohenstadt . The Moravian-Silesian Higher Forest School was set up in the castle, which the Liechtensteiners had only used for occasional stays. In the second half of the 19th century, the city lost its importance. It remained an arable town with no industry. During this time, the Jews began to emigrate.
In 1867 the forest school was relocated to Eulenberg Castle . In 1880, 2151 people lived in Mährisch Aussee. In 1901, the Liechtensteiners opened a hunting and forest museum in the castle. A year later the city was connected to the railway network. In 1930 the city had 1,493 inhabitants, 866 of whom were Germans and 20 Jews. After the Munich Agreement , the town was in 1938 added to the German Empire and belonged until 1945 to the district chief town , Region of Opava , in the Reich District of Sudetenland . In 1939 there were 1420 people in Moravian Aussee. The synagogue was devastated during the Reichspogromnacht .
After the end of the Second World War, the Liechtensteiners were expropriated and at the same time the expulsion of the Germans began . In 1950 the city had only 933 inhabitants. Since 1961 Úsov has belonged to the Okres Šumperk . In 1985, Bezděkov u Úsova, which previously belonged to Police, was incorporated. In 1990 the Hunting and Forest Museum was reopened.
Demographics
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 1,756 | mostly German residents |
| 1930 | 1,493 | |
| 1939 | 1,420 |
Local division
The city of Úsov consists of the districts Bezděkov u Úsova ( Bezdiek ) and Úsov ( Moravian Aussee ) and the localities Pančava ( Waitzenfeld ) and Židovská obec ( Kilch ).
Attractions
- Úsov Castle , which has been documented since 1260, was later converted into a castle in the style of a French fort. It was the only structure of its kind in Moravia. In 1691 it was redesigned in baroque style for Johann Adam Andreas von Liechtenstein . The hunting and forest museum is located in the castle.
- Church of St. Aegidius
- St. Rochus pilgrimage chapel, southeast of the city, donated as the plague chapel in 1624 by Anna von Liechtenstein .
- Synagogue , built in 1784/85 instead of a previous building from 1688 that burned down in 1722
- Jewish cemetery with mourning hall
- Statue of St. John of Nepomuk, below the castle
- three-sided torture
sons and daughters of the town
- Siegfried Langer (1857–1882), Austrian orientalist and Arab researcher
- Leo Fleischmann (1871–1932), dentist
- Vlastimil Artur Polák (1914–1990), poet
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 2, Leipzig and Vienna 1905, pp. 151–152, Aussig 2).
- ↑ a b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Hohenstadt district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).