Vinnytsia

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Vinnytsia
Вінниця
Vinnytsia coat of arms
Vinnytsia (Ukraine)
Vinnytsia
Vinnytsia
Basic data
Oblast : Vinnytsia Oblast
Rajon : District-free city
Height : 248 m
Area : 113.1697 km²
Residents : 367,703 (October 1, 2019)
Population density : 3,249 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes : 21000
Area code : +380 432
Geographic location : 49 ° 14 '  N , 28 ° 29'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 13 '48 "  N , 28 ° 28' 48"  E
KOATUU : 510100000
Administrative structure : 1 city
Mayor : Serhiy Morhunov
Address: вул. Соборна 59 21 100
м. Вінниця
Website : http://www.vmr.gov.ua/
Statistical information
Vinnytsia (Vinnytsia Oblast)
Vinnytsia
Vinnytsia
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Vinnytsia ( Ukrainian Вінниця , Russian Винница Vinnitsa , Polish Winnica ) is a city in the Ukraine in the landscape Podolia . It is the administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast and Vinnytsia Raion without being a part of it, and has 367,703 inhabitants (as of October 1, 2019).

The city has several universities , cultural institutions and diverse industries. In addition, Vinnytsia has an airport and administrative facilities for the Ukrainian Air Force .

The old water tower of Vinnytsia
House of Good News in Vinnytsia - the largest Baptist church in Ukraine

history

In the 14th century, on the right bank of the South Bug River, a city was founded, which was named Vinnytsia. Its center became a castle with fortifications made of timbers, where the inhabitants of the city and the surrounding villages found refuge from the devastating raids of the Tatars in the 15th and 16th centuries . During this period ( 1530 - 1550 ) of the German fought Silesian Bernhard Prittwitz († 1561 ) as Starost of Bar and Vinnytsia (from 1540 ) successfully received therefore against the Tatars and the nickname Terror Tartarorum ( terror of the Tatars ). In 1545 there were 273 houses in Vinnytsia and in 1552 there were 429. In 1566 the place became part of the Polish Bracław Voivodeship , and in 1589 it became the de facto capital of the same. In the 17th century, the first stone buildings (church and school) that are still preserved were built. The wooden Nikolai Church ( 1746 ) in the old town, the buildings of the former monasteries of the Capuchins ( 1760 ) and the Jesuits and Dominicans (17th to 18th centuries) are interesting . After the Second Partition of Poland , what was then Winnica became part of the Russian Empire , Podolia Governorate . As a result of the civil war , it belonged to the Ukrainian Soviet Republic from the summer of 1920 .

Monuments on the mass grave where Jewish children murdered by Germans found their final resting place.

In the years from 1937 to 1938 the mass murders of Vinnytsia took place , in which the NKVD murdered 9,432 political prisoners.

During the Second World War , Vinnytsia was captured by the German Wehrmacht in 1941 . As part of the formation of the German Reich Commissioner for Ukraine , the city was incorporated into the Zhitomir General District on October 20, 1941 and renamed Vinnitsa on April 17, 1942 . The district areas Vinnitsa city and Vinnitsa country were formed, which were merged on January 15, 1943 to form the new district area Vinnitsa.

In April 1942, the Jews were "selected" by German troops in the occupied Vinnytsia in the local stadium. Craftsmen were allowed to return to the small concentration camps next to their workshops. On the other hand, around 5,000 old people, women and children were brought under German supervision by the Ukrainian auxiliary forces to a nursery in the north of the city, where 10,000 people had been murdered seven months earlier. Two pits had been dug there. The children were taken from their mothers and killed or shot at the edge of one of the pit. With the adults, the procedure in the other was as follows: A new layer of people had to lie close to each other in the pit on those who had already been shot, who were then also shot. Finally the pit was covered with earth. On the same morning the task force dragged Jewish mothers from the maternity hospital in Vinnytsia into a forest and shot them there. The newborns packed the men in two jute sacks and threw them out the window on the second floor. At the site of the children's pit, which has not been exhumed to this day, there is now an obelisk as a memorial stone.

In Vinnytsia itself there were three larger and many small camps: There was a ghetto for Jewish civilians that existed from July to September 1941. It had about 7,000 residents and at least 2,000 dead from shootings. The ghetto was under civil administration. As a second camp, a forced labor camp for male Jews was set up in Vinnytsia. The Jewish members of the forced labor camp were called in for track construction work and probably also for the construction of the Führer headquarters "Werewolf" located eight kilometers north of Vinnytsia in the forest . This camp existed from December 1941 to April 1944 and was administered by the SS. When the workers were no longer needed, they too were said to have been shot. The third camp, the actual prisoner of war camp - Stalag 329 - existed from October 2, 1941 to September 1943. The Wehrmacht was responsible. According to statistics from the Chief of POWs, a maximum of 19,379 Soviet soldiers were held there at the same time. Even today there are several thousand corpses in a mass grave. There were also shootings outside of these three camps. In September 1941 and in spring 1942 even to mass shootings. 33,150 Jews had lived in Vinnytsia in 1939, which was 35.6% of the total population. When the Germans took the city on July 19, 1941, 18,000 Jewish citizens were still in the city, the rest had fled. It is estimated that on September 19, 1941, more than 10,000 Jews were shot by the 45th Reserve Police Battalion. On April 15, 1942, another 5,000 Jews were killed shortly before the gates of the city of Vinnitsa. About 1000 indispensable craftsmen were left alive for the time being. Directly after the war, just 74 citizens are said to have been counted as Jewish survivors. Today only 1% of the population is Jewish.

Between July 16, 1942 and November 1, 1942, the German Führer headquarters waswolf was in a forest 8 km north of Vinnytsia, on the road to Zhytomyr in the immediate vicinity of the village of Strishawka. The 30 or so buildings were erected on November 1, 1941. There was an airfield near Kalinowka. At the Fuehrer's headquarters, Hitler's military staff stayed in log houses and portable barracks. Goering had his own bunker built nearby and promoted the Vinnytsia ballet.

Not far from the city - between Berdychiv and Zhytomyr - Himmler, in his function as Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Ethnicity, set up a colony to be settled with 10,000 ethnic Germans under the name Hegewald , which was intended as one of the cores of the future German settlements in Ukraine was.

On March 20, 1944, the city was captured by the Red Army .

In Vinnytsia there was a prisoner of war camp 253 , Vinnica , for German prisoners of war from World War II . Seriously ill people were treated here in the POW Hospital in 2081 .

Vinnytsia than Vinnitsa one of the two locations of the story Restless Night of Albrecht Goes dating back to the 1950s.

2012, existing since 1972, three were Stadtrajone Rajon Lenin (Ленінський район), Rajon Staromisto (Староміський район) and Rajon Samostjan (Замостянський район) dissolved without compensation, on 13 May 2014, the urban area of 44.5 square kilometers to 113 square kilometers has been at the expense of surrounding municipalities of Vinnytsia Raion.

education

Medical University

Main building of the Vinnytsia State Medical University

Vinnytsia State Medical University (MI Pirogov ) was founded in 1921. She specializes in general and paediatrics , dentistry , medical psychology , stomatology and pharmaceuticals . There is also a department for postgraduate students with 53 different subjects and a department for foreign students.

There are 56 institutes in different medical branches. The university has modern technical equipment. Lessons take place in 21 seminar rooms, ten lecture halls , an auditorium and in the computer rooms . The university includes a research institute. The university library consists of a book inventory of more than 500,000 books. The training can be completed in the form of direct or distance learning . There are collaborations with universities and pharmaceutical companies in 13 Western and Eastern European countries as well as in the USA .

Commercial and Economic University

The University of Commerce and Economics was founded in 1968. The Commercial University has three teaching buildings in the city center, one of which is a monument from the 19th century. 4500 students study in this university. 31 lecturers at the university are doctoral candidates or already have doctoral degrees. You have qualified at universities in the USA, Germany, France, Italy and Poland with which cooperation agreements exist. The university offers day, evening and distance learning . Their technical equipment is modern. The university library has a book inventory of more than 300,000 volumes. The dormitory at the University of Commerce and Industry is considered one of the best in town.

National Polytechnic University

In 1962, a branch of the Kiev Food Industry Institute was established in Vinnytsia . In 1974 it became the basis of the new Vinnytsia Polytechnic Institute, which became a state university in 1994. In 2003 the university was given the highest status "national" and thus all associated privileges. The National Polytechnic University of Vinnytsia is the largest university in the city with 7500 students and 100 doctoral students (as of 2007). She was the first in Ukraine to introduce the so-called three-semester system. Students study at the university for two semesters, while the third is a practical semester in which they have the opportunity to deepen their specialist knowledge.

Agricultural University

The Agricultural University was founded in 2000. The history of this university began in October 1982 when a branch of the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy was opened in Vinnytsia. On April 5, 1991 this branch became the Agricultural Institute and in 2000 the Agricultural University of Vinnytsia. The university has five departments and 32 chairs. A total of 519 teachers teach (as of 2007). There are opportunities to do internships at other Ukrainian and foreign universities. 35 lecturers have received further qualifications at foreign universities. The Agricultural University has psychological and educational seminars for young lecturers and doctoral students. The university has several research institutes headed by doctors of biology, engineering and agricultural sciences .

Museums

Since 1927 there has been a memorial for the writer Mychajlo Kozjubynskyj, who was born there, in Vinnytsia .

Mij ​​kraj - Podillja (My Region - Podolia)

The local museum Mij ​​Kraj - Podillja was opened on April 28, 1995. It has 5000 exhibits that are displayed in 10 halls.

The museum presents art, everyday culture and cultural history , science, religion and nature of the Podolia region . Podolian history is shown from the first man to the Second World War. The first hall commemorates the people who perished in the region during wars and other disasters. One focus of the museum is the history of the militia in Vinnytsia. The last room deals with the writer Vasyl Stus , who comes from Vinnytsia oblast , as a branch of the museum in Donetsk dedicated to him .

NI Pirogow Estate Museum

In the incorporated village of Pirogowo (formerly Vishnya) there is a memorial for the famous surgeon and anatomist Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogow (1810–1881), who was one of the founders of surgery as a medical discipline. On September 9, 1947, the State Estate Museum ( Ukrainian Національний музей – садиба М.І. Пирогова , Nazionalnyj musej-sadyba MI Pyrohova) was opened in the Pirogov estate ; and park) with an area of ​​16 hectares and the family church, in which the embalmed body of Pirogov rests. The museum, which is subordinate to the Ministry of Health, has the highest status (“national”) that a cultural institution can achieve in Ukraine.

The exhibition of the museum consists of ten halls, the gallery and six rooms of the house pharmacy.

Entrance to the area of ​​the Pirogov-Museum Landitz
Room 1 The childhood and youth of NI Pirogow. Moscow University.
Hall 2 PhD
Hall 3 NI Pirogow - Professor at the University of Derpt
Room 4. NI Pirogow - Professor of the Medical-Surgical Academy
Room 5 The activities of NI Pirogow in Sevastopol
Hall 6 NI Pirogow - educational activity
Room 7 The 50th anniversary of the scientific, medical and social activity of NI Pirogow
Room 8 NI Pirogow's study
Room 9 NI Pirogow in Vishnya village
Room 10 The ideas of NI Pirogow and the Second World War

There are more than 15,000 exhibits in the museum's collection: personal items pirogows, medical instruments, around 12,000 books and magazines in the library, many of them with the scholar's handwritten notes. Here you will find manuscripts, printed works, photos, personal belongings of Pirogov, surgical instruments, pharmacy utensils and paintings that chronologically inform about Pirogov's life. The work, reception and operating rooms as well as the pharmacy are furnished as they were during his lifetime.

economy

Vinnytsia Central Station
Former Zurich tram (type "Mirage") in Vinnytsia
former Hotel Savoy

traffic

Vinnytsia is on the European route 50 from Lviv to Uman . A motorway via Bila Tserkva to Kiev is being planned. Express train lines 7/8 (Kiev– Chop ), 9/10 (Kiev– Odessa ), 15/16 ( Moscow - Budapest ), 19/20 (Odessa– Saint Petersburg ), 23/23 (Moscow – Odessa) run through Vinnytsia. , 41/42 ( Dnipro –Lemberg), 47/48 (Moscow– Chișinău ), 49/50 (Kiev – Lemberg) and others. Vinnytsia Airport (Gawrischiwka) resumed its flight operations in 2012, but currently (as of 2016) only offers flight connections to Tel Aviv and Warsaw , as well as some irregular charter flights.

Local transport in Vinnytsia is served by regular taxis , trams (see Vinnytsia tram ) and trolley buses. The City of Zurich has given Vinnytsia 110 decommissioned trams of the types VBZ Be 4/4 (Karpfen) and VBZ Be 4/6 (Mirage) in order to increase the capacity of public transport.

Buildings

The Vinnytsia TV Tower with a height of 354 meters, the currently highest guyed tubular steel mast in the world. The former Hotel Savoy , built in 1913 in the eclectic style in the center, is a calling card of the city.

Town twinning

Sister cities of Vinnytsia are:

sons and daughters of the town

literature

  • PA Klanza and HS Sobchuk: Musei-sadyba MI Pirogowa , Kyiv, 1981 (in four languages: Russian, Ukrainian, English, French).
  • H. Sobchuk and P. Klanza: Musei-usadjba NI Pirogowa , Odessa, 1989 (bilingual: Russian, English).

Web links

Commons : Vinnytsia  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Vinnytsia City Council: Biography of the Mayor ; accessed on April 16, 2016.
  2. ↑ Чисельність населення (щомісячна інформація). Retrieved December 18, 2019 .
  3. ^ IATA : Airline and Airport Code Search. Enter the code VIN under Search by Location Code . Retrieved January 15, 2011.
  4. ↑ Information about the airport on airport-data.com. Accessed January 15, 2010.
  5. ↑ City history on the official website of Vinnytsia; accessed on July 2, 2020 (Ukrainian)
  6. ↑ Richard Rhodes: The German Murderers, ISBN 3-7857-2183-8 , Bergisch Gladbach 2004, p. 377 ff.
  7. ↑ Ernst Reuss : Trapped! Two grandfathers in World War II. P. 83 ff. Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-1-5117-8866-3 .
  8. ↑ Exact coordinates: 49 ° 18'28 "N, 28 ° 29'39" E
  9. ↑ Percy E. Schramm (Ed.): Kriegstagebuch des OKW, Augsburg, 2005, licensed edition Weltbild, Vol. 2, 1st half volume, p. 569.
  10. ↑ Wendy Lower: Nazi Empire-Building and the Holocaust in Ukraine, Chapel Hill, 2005, pp. 162–179.
  11. ↑ Erich Maschke (Hrsg.): On the history of the German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Gieseking, Bielefeld, 1962–1977.
  12. ↑ Рішення ВОР від 14.02.2012 № 286 - "Про виключення з облікових даних адміністративно-територіальних одиниць Вінницької області Ленінського, Староміського, Замостянського районів у місті Вінниці"
  13. ↑ Верховна Рада України; Постанова, План від 05/13/2015 № 401-VIII Про зміну і встановлення меж міста Вінниця і Вінницького іцрайону Вісоно іцрайону
  14. ^ Website of the Vinnytsia State Medical University
  15. ^ Vinnitsa National Medical University . Retrieved January 8, 2011.
  16. ↑ http://www.ukravtodor.gov.ua/clients/ukrautodor.nsf/0/321319996176a5a7c225746e0034bbf5/$FILE/@Vinnyca_Keiv_E_A4.pdf  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.ukravtodor.gov.ua  
  17. ↑ http://www.airvinnitsa.com/
  18. ↑ Spring for Zurich trams  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.srf.ch  
  19. ^ Vinnytsia city council - Twin cities