List of traditional radicals

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Radicals are called the root characters (Latin radix "root") of the Chinese script , according to which characters can be found in Chinese and Japanese reference works.

Frequency distribution in the Kangxi dictionary

history

The radicals are the number and shape of the lines listed . This system of recognizable elementary signs has been preserved to this day. The number of radicals, which in the lexicon Shuowen Jiezi ( "Explanation of the Characters" ) from the year 121 AD still amounted to 540, was continuously reduced.

The number of 214 radicals was established by the renowned Kangxi Zidian from 1716. Some modern Chinese script dictionaries use a list of 227 radicals instead of the traditional 214 radicals . It is also important to distinguish it from the 189 radicals of the Simplified Chinese Script, enacted in 1956 by the government of the People's Republic of China and officially only used there.

Systematics

The following list contains the 214 traditional radicals of the Chinese characters , which are also used in Japanese as Kanji and in Korean as Hanja , and their frequency in the Kangxi dictionary, which comprises 40,193 characters, that is, in how many characters the radicals as radical ("governing “) Find use; In addition to this function as a radical, the characters are often added to many other characters as regular components.

The enormous disparity in frequency is striking. While the three radicals with the greatest number of character combinations , namely grass艹 (1,902 characters), water氵 (1,595 characters) and wood木 (朩) (1,369 characters) together already make up 12.1 percent of all characters, 128 characters on the other At the end of the frequency table (with less than 100 character combinations each), a total of just 11.8 percent. With the ten most common radicals, 30 percent of all characters can be found in the dictionary.

In Chinese, the position of a radical in the character is indicated with suffixes: (字) 旁- (zì) páng (left or right), (字) 頭 - ( zì) tóu (above), (字) 底 - (zì) dǐ (below) and (字) 框 - ( zì) kuāng (encirclement or enclosure). In general, there is a tendency towards three syllables in these terms, which is why -zì- (字, "characters") is sometimes inserted, sometimes left out. There are also some independent names for elements that have special shapes, such as B. 兩點 冰liǎngdiǎnbīng ("two-point ice": 冫), 三點水sāndiǎnshuǐ ("three-point water": 氵) or 四 點火sìdiǎnhuǒ ("four-point fire": 灬). In addition, there are separate names for each radical that are traditionally used in Kangxi Zidian, but are generally little known in everyday life ( noted in the table below under Pīnyīn ).

In Japanese the names of the radicals are often given the endings -hen ( , left), -tsukuri ( , right), -kanmuri ( , above), -ashi ( , below), - according to the position used in the Kanji . kamae ( , enclosure), -tare ( , left and above) or -nyō ( , left and below).

Table of radicals

List of Kangxi radicals in the Kangxi dictionary font style .
06 radicals with line number 1
No. Characters (variants) Pīnyīn Meaning and Notes fre-
ness
short
character
Examples
1 one 42 七 三 不 世
2 gǔn Vertical line 21st
3 zhǔ Drip line 10 丸 主
4th 丿 (乀, 乁) piě slash 33 久 之 乎
5 乙 (乚, 乛) rounded vertical line, hook, the / the / the second 42 九 也
6th jué Vertical line with hook 19th 了事
23 radicals with line number 2
No. Characters (variants) Pīnyīn Meaning and Notes fre-
ness
short
character
Examples
7th he two 29 五 井 些 亞
8th tóu Cover (head) 38 亡 交 京
9 ( left ) rén Human, everyone, someone, everyone, personality, character 794 仁 休 位 今
10 he Legs, child, teenager, son 52 兄 元
11 enter, enter, income, coincide with 28 入 兩
12 ( ) eight, share 44 公 六 共 兵
13 jiōng include, wilderness, free / open land 50 内 再
14th cover 30th 冗 冠
15th bīng ice 115 冬 冶 冷凍
16 Small table 38
17th qiǎn / kǎn Container, open mouth 23 凶 出 函
18th 刀 (刁, 刂) dāo Knife, sword, cutting weapon, saber 377 刀 分 切 初 利 刻 則 前 班
19th Power, strength, ability 163 力 加 助 勉
20th bāo wrap up, hug 64 勾 包
21st Dagger, spoon 19th 化 北
22nd fang box 64
23 hide, round box 17th 匹 區
24 shí ten, completely, completely 55 十 午 半 博
25th oracle 45 占卦
26th 卩 (卪) jié Seal, (bamboo knot) 40 印 危 ​​卵
27 hǎn slope 129 厚 原
28 Private 40 去 參
29 yòu again, still, hand 91 友 反 取 受
31 radicals with line number 3
No. Characters (variants) Pīnyīn Meaning and Notes fre-
ness
short
character
Examples
30th kǒu Mouth, opening, entrance, mouth 1,146 口 古 可 名 君 否 呉 告 周 味 命 和 哲唐 善 器
31 wéi Boundary, fencing 118 四 回國 圖
32 Earth, soil, land, uncultivated 580 土 在 地 型 城 場 壁 壓
33 shì Scholar, intellectual, bachelor, soldier 24 士 壹
34 zhǐ stroll 11 (夂)
35 suī overtake 23
36 Evening, sunset 34 夕 外 多 夜
37 大 (夨) there big, huge, enormous, age, very 132 大 天 奈奧
38 Woman, female 681 女 好 妄 妻 姉 始 姓 姫
39 子 (孑, 孒, 孓) Child, master, seed 83 子 孔 字 學
40 mián top, roof 246 守 家 寒 實
41 cùn Thumb, inch 40 寸 寺 尊 將
42 xiǎo small, insignificant, insignificant, young 41 小 少
43 尢 (尣) wāng lame, broken leg 66
44 shī Corpse, corpse 148 尺 局
45 chè Scion, germ 38
46 shān Mountain, mountain range 636 山岡 岩 島
47 巛 (巜, 川) chuān Stream, river 26th 川 州 巡
48 gong job 17th 工 左 巫 差
49 己 (已, 巳) self, personal, own 20th 己巳
50 jīn Cloth, scarf 295 市 布 帝 常
51 gān dry, shield (weapon) 9 平年
52 yāo young, low, small 50 幻 幼
53 广 yǎn Sloping roof 15th 序 店 府 度 座 庭 廣 廳
54 yín move, march 9
55 廾 (卄, 廿) gǒng (niàn) folded hands (twenty) 50
56 Hunting arrow, javelin, hook 15th 式 弑
57 gong arc 165 弓 引 弟 弱 彌
58 彐 (彑) Pig's head, pig's trunk 25th
59 shān Beard, hair 62 形 彦
60 chì Step, go for a walk 215 役 彼 後 得 徳 徼
34 radicals with line number 4
No. Characters (variants) Pīnyīn Meaning and Notes fre-
ness
short
character
Examples
61 ( left ) xīn Heart, feeling 1,115 必 忙 忌 性 悪 情 想
62 Spear, halberd, bat ax 116 成 戦
63 戶 (户, 戸) Gun, door, house, family 44 戸 戻 所
64 ( , left ) shǒu Hand, hold in hand 1,203 手 打 持 掛 挙
65 zhī Branch, support, straighten, branch 26th 攱 攲
66 攴 (攵) hit, whip 296 收 敍 數 斅
67 whom Culture, writing (characters), language 26th 文 斊
68 du Scheffel, Dou (measure of measure) 32 料 斡
69 jīn Ax, pound 55 斦 斧 新
70 fang Cardinal direction, square 92 方 放 旅 族
71 无 (旡) not, none, without 12 无 既 旣
72 Sun, day 453 日 白百明 的 映 時 晩
73 yuē say speak 37 書 最
74 yuè Moon, month 69 有 服 青 朝
75 木 (朩) Tree, wood 1,369 木 杢 板 相 根 森 楽 機
76 qiàn lack, yawn 235 欣欽欧 欲 歌
77 zhǐ stop, stop, stop 99 正 歩
78 歹 (歺) dǎi decompose, bad 231 死 列 殕
79 shu Halberd, lance 93 役 投 殴 殷
80 Mother, don't 16 毋 母 毎 姆梅
81 compare, measure yourself against 21st 皆 批
82 máo Hair, bristle 211 毟 毡 毦 毫 毳 耗
83 shì Family, clan 10 氏 民 紙 婚 氓
84 Breath, air, gas, steam 17th 気 汽 氧
85 ( left , ) shuǐ Water, body of water 1,595 水 永 泳 決 治 海 演 漢 瀬
86 ( below ) huǒ Fire 639 火 灯 無 燃爆
87 ( above ) zhǎo Claw, claw 36 爬 爯
88 father 10 斧 釜
89 yáo mix, cross, tie 16 爼 爽 爾
90 qiáng / pian split wood (always on the left) 48 牀 奘 牃
91 piàn split wood, disc (always left) 77 版 牌 牒
92 canine 9 㸧 牚
93 ( left ) niú Beef; 2. Earth branch 233 牟 牧 物 特 解
94 ( left ) quǎn dog 444 犬 犯 狂 狙 狗 献 獣
23 radicals with line number 5
No. Characters (variants) Pīnyīn Meaning and Notes fre-
ness
short
character
Examples
95 xuan dark 6th 率 玆
96 玉 (玊, 王) yù (wáng) Jade (king) 473 王玉 主 弄 皇 理 差 聖
97 guā Melon, pumpkin, cucumber 55 呱 瓞
98 brick 174 瓧 瓮 甄
99 gān sweet, tasty 22nd 柑 甜 酣
100 shēng be born, live, generate 22nd 牲 笙 甥
101 用 (甩) yòng use, use, need 10 佣 甬 甯
102 田 (由 甲申 甴 电) tián Rice field 192 田 町 思 留 略 番
103 pǐ (shū) Roll of clothing fabric, ball of fabric (foot) 15th 疏 楚 胥 延 旋
104 chuáng illness 526 病症 痛 癌 癖
105 Spread legs, two hands above 15th 発 登
106 bái White 109 皃 的 皆 皇
107 pi Skin, shell, fur 94 披 彼 波
108 mǐn Bowl, plate 129 盂 盉 盍 監 蘯
109 eye 647 目見 具 省 眠 眼 観 覧
110 máo Halberd, spear, lance 65 茅 矜
111 shǐ arrow 64 医 族 矩
112 shí stone 499 石岩 砂 破 碑 碧
113 ( left ) shì show, ancestors, worship 213 示 礼 社 奈 神祭 視 禁 福
114 róu Footsteps, trace 12 禹 禺 禽
115 Grain 431 利 私 季 和 科 香 秦 穀
116 xué cave 298 空 突 窅 窘 窩 窶 竇
117 stand, straighten up 101 立 音 産 翌 意 新 端 親 競
29 radicals with line number 6
No. Characters (variants) Pīnyīn Meaning and Notes fre-
ness
short
character
Examples
118 ( above ) zhú bamboo 953 竺 笑 第 等 簡
119 rice 318 料 断 奥 糊 麟
120 糸 (糹) silk 823 系 級 紙 素 細 組 終 絵 紫
121 fǒu Jug, amphora 77 缶 缸 窑 陶
122 网 (罒, 罓, ⺳) wǎng network 163 買 罪 置 羅
123 yáng Sheep goat; 8. Earth branch 156 着 羚 翔 着
124 bird feather 220 習 翀 翁 翔
125 老 (耂, 考) lǎo old 22nd 耆 孝 耋
126 he and with, and, but 22nd 耎 耐 耑
127 lěi Plow, harrow 84 耔 耝 耨 耰
128 he ear 172 取 聞 職 叢
129 Writing brush 19th 律 書 建
130 ( left ) ròu flesh 674 肉 肖 股 胃 腅 脤
131 chén Servant, minister, subject, official 16 臥 宦 蔵
132 self 34 自 臫 臬 臲
133 zhì arrive, reach 24 致 臸 臺
134 jiù mortar 71 桕 舅 舂 鼠 插
135 shé tongue 31 乱 适 話 舍
136 chuǎn opposite, wrong, lying next to each other 10 舛 舜 舞
137 zhōu Ship, boat, barge 197 航 船艦
138 gene border 5 良 艱
139 Color, feminine beauty 21st 色 艴 艷
140 ( above ) cǎo grass 1,902 共 花 英 苦 草 茶 落幕 靴 鞄 薬
141 hu tiger 114 虎 虐 彪 虒
142 hǔi Worm, insect 1,067 蚯蚓 強 触 蟻 蟹
143 xuè blood 60 洫 衁 衅 衆
144 xíng go, do, do 53 行 衍 術 衝
145 ( left ) dress 607 衣 初 被 装 裁 複
146 襾 (西 覀) yà (xī) cover (vests) 29 西 要 覊
20 radicals with line number 7
No. Characters (variants) Pīnyīn Meaning and Notes fre-
ness
short
character
Examples
147 jiàn see 161 規 親 覺 觀
148 jiǎo Horn, corner 158 觚 解 觕 觥 觸
149 ( left ) yán speak, word 861 left 誁 詋 詔 評 詗 詥 試 詧
150 Valley, gorge; Grain 54 谿 豀 谸
151 dòu antique eating / sacrificial vessel with high round base, bean 68 豈 豐 豎
152 shǐ pig 148 豖 豚 象
153 zhì Reptile, cat, small hairy animal 140 豹 貌 貓 貈 貉
154 bèi Shell or snail money, cowrie 277 財 賊 賜 贛 貧 貨 貫 貿
155 chì vermilion, naked 31 赫 赭
156 走 (赱) zǒu run away 285 赴 起 超
157 ( left ) to foot 580 跑 跨 跟 跪 路
158 shēn Body, trunk 97 躬 躲 軀
159 chē Car, wheel, vehicle 361 軌 軟 較 軍 載
160 xīn bitter, spicy, biting, hard, laborious 36 辜 辟 辣 辦 辨
161 chén 7 am-9am, morning, 5th earth branch 15th 辱 農
162 (辶 left ) chuò go forward 381 巡 迎 通 追逃 辶 迎 進
163 ( right ) Community, village 350 那 邦 郎 部 郭 都 鄉
164 yǒu Wine jug, alcohol 290 醉 酱油 醒 酸
165 biàn separate, distinguish, select 14th 釉 釋
166 Mile, village, unit of measurement 0.5 km 14th 野 野
09 radicals with line number 8
No. Characters (variants) Pīnyīn Meaning and Notes fre-
ness
short
character
Examples
167 金 (釒 left) jīn Metal, gold 806 銀 銅釘 銳 鋞 鋙 鉒 鉍 鉗 鈡 鈠
168 長 (镸) cháng long, older, growing 55 镸 镽
169 men Gate, door 246 間 閑 關 闘 閉 開 閏 間 關
170 ( left ) Hill, dam 348 阪 防阻 陆 陘 院 险 陳
171 catch, be subordinate 12 隸 隺
172 zhuī little bird 233 雀 集 雁 难 雀 雅
173 (⻗ above) rain 298 雾 霜雪 霸 雪 雲霧
174 靑 (青) qīng blue-green, young 17th 靕 靖 靜
175 fēi wrong, no, mistake 25th 靠靠 靟
11 radicals with line number 9
No. Characters (variants) Pīnyīn Meaning and Notes fre-
ness
short
character
Examples
176 面 (靣) miàn face 66 靦 靨
177 untanned leather, hide, change 305 靴 鞍 鞅 鞍 鞭
178 wéi tanned leather 100 韋韓韜
179 jiǔ leek 20th 韱 韲
180 yīn Loud, sound 43 韶 韻 韾
181 head 372 頃 項 順 須 領頭 頩 頂
182 fēng wind 182 颱 飄 颿 颩 颪
183 fēi to fly 92 飜 飝
184 食 (飠left ) shí Food, feed 403 飯 飲 餓 餘 餐 養
185 shǒu Head, head 20th 馗 馘
186 xiāng Scent 37 馨 馫
08 radicals with line number 10
No. Characters (variants) Pīnyīn Meaning and Notes fre-
ness
short
character
Examples
187 Horse; 7. Earth branch 472 馮 馴 馳 駐 驚
188 bone 185 骼 髒 髀 骿 骾
189 高 (髙) gāo high 34 髚 髛
190 biāo long hair 243 髮 鬚 鬆 鬍 髦
191 dòu fight 23 [斗] 鬧 鬪
192 chàng fragrant herbs 8th 鬰 鬱
193 tripod 73 鬶 鬷 鬸
194 guǐ Ghost, demon 141 魂 魁 鬽 魄
06 radicals with line number 11
No. Characters (variants) Pīnyīn Meaning and Notes fre-
ness
short
character
Examples
195 fish 571 鯉 鮑 魛 魜 魝 魞 魟 魠
196 niǎo bird 750 鳫 鳮 鳱 鳳鳴 鳿 鳴 鴻 鴛
197 Salt, lye 44 鹹 鹼 鹽
198 鹿 Deer fawn 104 塵 麃 麋 麉 麟
199 May Wheat, barley 131 麴 麵 麱 麨 麺
200 Hemp, flax, jute 34 麼 魔
04 radicals with line number 12
No. Characters (variants) Pīnyīn Meaning and Notes fre-
ness
short
character
Examples
201 huáng yellow 42 黊 黌
202 shǔ millet 46 黏 黎
203 hēi black 172 點 黛 黱 黨
204 zhǐ embroidery, needlework 8th 黼 黻
04 radicals with line number 13
No. Characters (variants) Pīnyīn Meaning and Notes fre-
ness
short
character
Examples
205 黽 (黾) mǐn Frog, amphibian 40 鼈 黿 鼆
206 dǐng three-legged kettle, tripod 14th 鼏 鼒
207 鼓 (鼔) drum 46 鼗 鼘
208 shǔ Rat, mouse; 1. Earth branch 92 鼢 鼣 鼤
02 radicals with line number 14
No. Characters (variants) Pīnyīn Meaning and Notes fre-
ness
short
character
Examples
209 bi nose 49 鼼 鼽 鼿
210 equal, order, evenly 18th 斉 齐 齋 齏 齏
01 radical with lines 15
No. Characters (variants) Pīnyīn Meaning and Notes fre-
ness
short
character
Examples
211 chǐ Molar, tooth 162 歯 齿 齡 齠 齗
02 radicals with line number 16
No. Characters (variants) Pīnyīn Meaning and Notes fre-
ness
short
character
Examples
212 lóng Dragon 14th 竜 龙 龖 龘
213 guī turtle 24 亀 龟
01 radical with line number 17
No. Characters (variants) Pīnyīn Meaning and Notes fre-
ness
short
character
Examples
214 yuè flute 19th 龣 龤

Sort order

The assignment of the characters in Unicode to code points is carried out in a traditional order. The series begins with radical 1 (code point U + 4E00), followed by all connections with the radical in ascending order according to the number of additional lines. The next section begins with radical 2 (code point U + 4E28), then again all connections according to the number of lines; this is repeated up to radical 214 (code point U + 9FA0).

  1. 國語 小 字典 _ 部首 字音 讀 表. Retrieved September 3, 2018 .
  2. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Within a radical area, the characters are sorted according to the number of additional dashes, for most radicals regardless of the possible replacement of the original radical by an abbreviation -Variant.
    With some radicals, however, there are two such series, one with the original radical and all additional lines, and then a second with the radical variant and again with all additional lines.

literature

Lexicons (selection)

Web links

Commons : Radicals  - Graphic representations of all radicals
Commons : Kangxi radicals  - the 214 radicals in the style of the Kangxi dictionary