Fenn (geography)
Fenn (also Venn, Fehn, Vehn or Feen ) refers to a swampy, swampy area or a moor in the Low German area, just like Faing (also Faigne or Feing ) in the former Lorraine . Place names ending with -fehn or -faing give references to such areas .
Word origin
The field name Fenn or Fenne , after Hermann Teuchert, denotes a boggy or peaty inland lake or pond without solid ground and, according to Agathe Lasch and Conrad Borchling, swamp, moorland, swampy pastureland overgrown with grass or reeds.
According to the prevailing opinion, Fenn is a Dutch word ( Fehn [Veen]) that was adopted with the fen culture developed there . The large dictionary of the German language of Google is the keyword Fehn , the only in the composites Fehnkolonie and Fehnkultur is suggested that the etymological explanation "Dutch. veen = morass; see. Fenn " . For the Dutch noun veen , the Van Dale Nieuw Handwoordenboek of the Nederlandse Taal gives three meanings: “1. grondsoort the grotendeels is seed gesteld uit gedeeltelijk verkoolde plantestoffen; grondstof the dead turf is canceled… - 2nd streek, stuk land waar de bodem vnl. uit genoemde grondsoort bestaat; - 3rd land waar turf dug or excavated wordt; veenderij; turfland… “ In Germany, the noun Fehn as a terminus technicus is restricted to the term Moorsiedlung , both in the standard language and in the dialects of the region. The Low German word Veen , also Ven, corresponds to German moor and marks typical moor settlement . The term goes in Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt on the settlement of the Fläming by Flemish back, already in the second half of the 12th century to the colonization of the newly founded Brandenburg from the first Margrave Albrecht the Bear and his son and successor Otto I to Country had been called.
But already in Middle Low German documents of the 15th century (before the "invention" of the fen culture in the neighboring Netherlands), feen / veen appears in East Friesland as a name for a moorland in which peat is dug as fuel. In a document from Grimersum from 1426 it says: “… enen waghenlast torves to halende van elken huse besunderlingx uppe den veene” , and in a border determination between Diele and Brual from 1463 there is talk of land, dat tho den torffeen hears . In addition, the noun is used as a defining word in the East Frisian settlement names Fehnhusen (Gemeine Südbrookmerland AD 1387: Fenehusen ) and Veenhusen (Gemeine Moormerland AD 1439: Faenhusen ) as early as the Old Frisian period. The Old Frisian or Middle Low German noun fên for moor was down-to-earth in East Frisia as early as the Middle Ages and did not need to be borrowed from Dutch. With the appropriate technology, only the new word content "Moorkolonie mit Kanal" was adopted as a loan meaning in the 17th century.
There is also the form Fahn , which is not only documented in the already mentioned settlement name Faenhusen (= Veenhusen) and in Phanhusen (= Fehnhusen), but also as an appellative : Ostfries. Document book No. 246 en stuecke phanes, dar men eede uppe graven mach (AD 1415), No. 341 enen waghenlast torves uppe den vane (AD 1426), No. 846 elven demet thunlant husthuner unde den faen right dar baven (AD 1466) . The same form can be found in Saterland Foan "Moor, Hochmoor" and in the settlement names Bunkfahne, Fahne, Fahnhusen, Heyefahn † and the street names Fahntje and Kleenfahntjer Weg in Collinghorst, Fahnweg and Zum Rogfahn in Holte, Fankeweg and Unterfanke between Schirum and Popens, Van Dell north of Wiesens. Since the West-Lauwersch -Frisian form Hearrenfean (= Heerenveen / NL) goes back to Old West Frisian * fân (in documents faen ), there must have been a minor form in Old Frisian without umlaut (cf. Gothic fani "mud" ) to fen .
Field names
Spelling "Fen"
- Fens , moorland in eastern England
- Fenwick, hamlet in England
Spelling "Fehn"
As the ending -fehn in place names :
- Augustfehn , place in the municipality of Apen near Oldenburg
- Beningafehn , part of the municipality of Hesel in East Frisia
- Elisabethfehn , town in the district of Cloppenburg
- Fehnhusen , a place in East Frisia
- Friedrichsfehn , place in Ammerland
- Großefehn , place in East Frisia
- Ihlowerfehn , place in East Friesland
- Jheringsfehn , place in East Frisia
- Lübbertsfehn , place in East Frisia
- Neukamperfehn , place in East Frisia
- Petersfehn , place in Ammerland
- Rhauderfehn , place in East Frisia
- Spetzerfehn , part of the community Großefehn
- Südgeorgsfehn , part of the municipality of Uplengen
- Völlenerfehn , place in East Frisia
- Warsingsfehn , part of the municipality of Moormerland in East Frisia
Spelling "Fenn"
- Ahlbecker Fenn , Kalkschwingmoor in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- Fenn (Stendal) , nature reserve in the Stendal district
- Fenne , place in the Warndt region
- Fennsee (Wilmersdorf) , lake in Berlin
- Fennsee (Westhavelland) , lake in Brandenburg
- Fenn-See , lake near Damsdorf , municipality of Kloster Lehnin in Brandenburg
- Great Fenn , nature reserve in Berlin
- Great Fenn, former swamp area in Berlin, see Rudolph-Wilde-Park
- Big Fenn and Little Fenn, streets in Ferchesar , Brandenburg
- Fennberg , plateau mountain in the South Tyrolean Unterland , on which the Fennberger See and districts of the communities Margreid and Kurtatsch are located
- Fennpfuhl , part of the Berlin district of Lichtenberg
- Fennpfuhlpark , park in Berlin-Lichtenberg
- Hundekehlefenn , nature reserve of the Berlin Grunewaldseenkette
- Kain-Fenn , nature reserve in the Lower Saxon community of Emsbüren
- Klares Fenn , lake near Rollwitz in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district
- Krummes Fenn, landscape protection area in Berlin-Zehlendorf
- Langes Fenn, former site of the artificially created Koenigssee , Berlin
- Mahlpfuhler Fenn , FFH and nature reserve in Saxony-Anhalt, near Tangerhütte, 1210 hectares in size.
- Marzahner Fenn , soft ice age, flat valley glacier tongue basin and boggy wetland. Part of the Marzahner Fenn and Dünenheide nature reserve between the city of Havelsee and the communities of Beetzsee and Beetzseeheide
- Moosfenn, high moor south of Potsdam near the Großer Ravensberg (district of Potsdam-Mittelmark)
- Plagefenn , high moor in the Schorfheide-Chorin biosphere reserve
- Poschfenn , Flachwassersee in the Brandenburg Nuthe-Nieplitz Nature Park
- Riemeisterfenn , nature reserve of the Berlin Grunewaldseenkette
- Rundes Fenn, former site of the artificially created Herthasee, Berlin
- Torffenn, former site of the artificially created Hubertussee , Berlin
- Weißes Fenn Marzahne , boggy wetland, lake and area natural monument in Havelsee
Spelling "Venn"
- Amtsvenn , moorland in the Münsterland
- Burlo-Vardingholter Venn and Entenschlatt
- Emsdettener Venn , nature reserve in the Steinfurt district
- Gildehauser Venn
- Hohes Venn , high moor in eastern Belgium and the adjacent German border area in North Rhine-Westphalia
- Kuhlenvenn at the Heubach source
- Black Venn between Heiden and Maria Veen in the Hohe Mark-Westmünsterland Nature Park
- Syen-Venn , city of Nordhorn, municipality of Isterberg in the county of Bentheim
- Venn (Mönchengladbach) , district of Mönchengladbach
- Venn (Wegberg) , part of the city of Wegberg in the North Rhine-Westphalian district of Heinsberg.
- Venn (municipality of Gries) , Rotte in Gries am Brenner , Innsbruck-Land district, Tyrol
- Vennhausen , district of Düsseldorf
- White Fens between Coesfeld, Hochmoor and Maria Veen, formerly the largest moor area in the Münsterland
- Zwillbrocker Venn , nature reserve in Vreden
- "Galgenvenn" hiking trail in Nettetal-Kaldenkirchen , near Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen ,
- other high moors: Langes Venn, Kempkes Venn, see Kaldenkirchener Grenzwald
Spelling "Venne"
- Kattenvenne , part of the municipality of Lienen
- Lescheder Venne , nature reserve in the Emsland
- Venne , district of Ostercappeln
- Venne , district of Senden
- Venner Moor in Senden
- Ringwall Venne , archaeological monument in the Kottenforst near Bonn-Röttgen
Spelling "Ven" / "Veen"
- Amstelveen , city in the Netherlands
- Großes Veen , nature reserve between Hamminkeln and the Wesel district of Diersfordt on the Lower Rhine
- Heerenveen , place in the nl. Friesland Province
- Hoogeveen , city in the Netherlands
- Maria Veen , Reken community , Borken district
- Stadtveen , nature reserve in the Lower Saxon town of Haselünne in the Emsland district
- Veendam , a town in the Netherlands that was created as a settlement by peat cutters
- Veenhuizen, place near Stadskanaal in the Netherlands
- Veenhusen , place in East Frisia
- Venlo , city in the Netherlands ( toponymy uncertain)
- Venrath , village of the city of Erkelenz on the left Lower Rhine
- Venray , place in the Netherlands
- Veen, village of the municipality of Alpen (municipality) , near Xanten on the left Lower Rhine
- Vledderveen, place near Stadskanaal in the Netherlands
- Waddinxveen , city in South Holland
Spelling "Vehn"
- Vehn Castle, Castle near Ahrweiler
- Tief Vehn , nature reserve in the Emsland
- Vehne , river in the Oldenburg region
- Vehnemoor , high moor area in Ammerland and large areas south of it (name is tautological)
Spelling "Fain (g)"
In the former Lorraine and Burgundy from Northern France - Belgium to Switzerland, there are numerous place and field names with the "Fenn" synonyms "Faing" or "Feing" or "F (a) in" and "Fagne", " Faigne "or" Feigne ":
- Plainfaing , a place in the Vosges with an eponymous high moor and the mountain Gazon du Faing
- Le Bas-de-Blancfeing, near Sapois in the Moselotte valley
- Longfin ( Pays de Bray , Long-fain au terroir de Fumechon à Avesnes in 1491)
- Hautes Fagnes , French for High Fens or Flemish Hoge Venen
- Grand Faignes at Bruyères
- Feigne, left tributary of the upper Moselle
Other spellings
- Fensdorf , municipality in the Westerwald
- Gfenn , district of the city of Dübendorf in a former swamp area (mouth of the Chimli stream )
- Venusberg , district of Bonn (the name is derived from Fenn-Berg, as it is a former raised bog area)
literature
- Jürgen Udolph: onenological studies on the Germanic problem (= supplementary volumes to the Reallexikon der Germanic antiquity . Volume 9 ). Walter de Gruyter, 1994, ISBN 3-11-014138-8 , p. 300–317 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fehn ( Faing ). In: Brockhaus Encyclopedia . 21st edition. 2006, Volume 9, p. 41.
- ↑ both quotations reproduced here from: Gerhard Schlimpert : Brandenburgisches Namenbuch, Part 3, Die Ortnames des Teltow. Hermann Böhlaus Nachf., Weimar 1972. Quotes on the term "Fenn" p. 74, also on Fenn p. 38
- ↑ Duden , Mannheim-Wien-Zürich, 1977, vol. 2, p. 812
- ↑ Van Dale Nieuw Handwoordenboek the Nederlandse Taal. Utrecht-Antwerp 1984, page 1093.
- ^ E. Friedländer: Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch No. 340 ; HG Ehrentraut: Frisian Archive, Reprint Wiesbaden 1968, Volume II, p. 364
- ↑ East Frisian Document Book , No. 791
- ↑ cf. LE Ahlsson: Studies on the East Frieze . Middle Low German . Uppsala 1964, p. 21
- ↑ MC Fort: Sater Frisian Dictionary. Hamburg 1980, p. 101