Biała district

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Location of the Biała district in the crown land of Galicia and Lodomeria

The district of Biała (German also district Biala ) was a political district in the crown land of Galicia and Lodomeria , formally in the Duchy of Auschwitz - Zator . Its area covered the westernmost parts of Western Galicia in what is now the Silesian and Lesser Poland Voivodeship , the seat of the district administration was the city of Biała (German: Biala), today part of Bielsko-Biała .

After the First World War , Austria had to cede the entire district to Poland . In the interwar period, the district existed as a powiat bialski without any territorial changes . It bordered the German Empire in the north-west, the Oświęcim district in the north, the Wadowice district in the east, the Żywiec district in the south and Austrian Silesia in the south-west .

history

After the general principles of judicial and administrative reform had been approved by Emperor Franz Joseph I in June 1849 , the ministries of the interior, finance and justice established the new administrative and judicial division in 1854. At the top level, the two administrative areas Krakow (West Galicia) and Lemberg (East Galicia) were created, followed by the districts and the administrative districts . The district offices were initially mixed authorities with political, administrative and judicial tasks, which is why the Biała district was initially congruent with the Biała judicial district . The establishment of this mixed district offices was finally office effective September 29, 1855 the district Biala together with the districts Andrychów , Biala , Jordanów , Kalwarya , Kenty , Maków , Milówka , Oswiecim , Seypusch , Skawina , Ślemień and Wadowice the district Wadowice formed.

After the district offices were abolished at the end of October 1865 and their powers were transferred to the district offices, the division of the country into two administrative areas was also abolished after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise in 1867. In addition, in the course of the separation of the political from the judicial administration, separate administrative and judicial authorities were created. While the judicial division remained largely unaffected, municipalities of several judicial districts were combined into administrative districts.

The new political district of Biała was formed from the following districts:

The Biała District survived without major changes until May 1910, when the Oświęcim District (Auschwitz) became independent (it also included the Zator judicial district from the Wadowice District ).

In the 1910 census, the Biała district consisted of 70 municipalities and 19 manor areas and covered an area of ​​464 km² (until 1910: 635 km²).

In 1900 the population had still comprised 101,492 people, in 1910 86,174 people lived here.

Mostly people with Polish colloquial language and Roman Catholic faith lived in the area, but the district also included part of the German Bielitz-Biala language island (the city of Biała / Biala, Hałcnów / Alzenau, Lipnik / Kunzendorf and Wilamowice / Wilmesau). Because of the census male suffrage, Germans made up at least 50% of the district council members. The district council discussed in German. Polish council members only gained a slim majority in 1909.

District administrators
Population:
year Check-
residents		 Polish-
speaking 		German
speakers		 Other
languages 		Roman
Catholic		 Evangelical Jews People of different
faith
1869 81,664 - - - 74,654 (91.4%) 2,750 (3.4%) 4,252 (5.2%) 8 (0%)
1880 85,944 71,220 (83.7%) 13,563 (15.9%) 298 (0.4%) 78,212 (91.0%) 2,389 (2.6%) 5,310 (6.2%) 33 (0%)
1890 92.211 77,623 (85.0%) 13,509 (14.8%) 162 (0.2%) 83,687 (90.8%) 2,389 (2.6%) 6,089 (6.6%) 46 (0%)
1900 101,492 84,567 (84.2%) 15,811 (15.7%) 139 (0.1%) 92,091 (90.7%) 2,504 (2.5%) 6,783 (6.7%) 114 (0.1%)
1910 86,174 70,988 (83.0%) 14,263 (16.7%) 265 (0.3%) 80,908 (93.9%) 2,436 (2.8%) 2,706 (3.1%) 124 (0.2%)

Localities

In 1910 there were district courts in Biała and Kęty on the territory of the district, to which the following locations were assigned:

Biała judicial district, Biala (27 municipalities)
Kęty judicial district (19 municipalities)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt for the Austrian Empire 1854, XXXIX. Piece, No. 111 "Ordinance of the Ministers of the Interior, Justice and Finance, Concerning the Political and Judicial Organization of the Kingdoms of Galicia and Lodomeria, with the Grand Duchy of Cracow and the Duchies of Auschwitz and Zator"
  2. ↑ Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt for the Austrian Empire 1855, XXVII. Piece, No. 118: "Ordinance of the Ministers of the Interior and Justice, on the introduction of the district offices in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, the Grand Duchy of Cracow and the Duchy of Bukovina"
  3. ^ Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt for the Austrian Empire 1865, XXVI. Piece, No. 90: "Ordinance of the State Ministry of September 23, 1865, on the repeal of the district authorities in Galicia"
  4. ^ Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt for the Empire of Austria. Born in 1868, XVII. Piece, No. 44. "Act of May 19, 1868 on the establishment of political administrative authorities in the kingdoms ..."
  5. ^ Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt for the Empire of Austria. Born in 1867, XVII. Piece, No. 6: "Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice of February 15, 1867, on the establishment of pure district courts in the district of the Higher Regional Court of Krakow"
  6. ^ Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt for the Empire of Austria. Born in 1891, XII. Piece, No. 39: "Ordinance of the State Ministry of January 23, 1867"
  7. ↑ G. Wnętrzak, 2014, p. 23
  8. ^ Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt for the Empire of Austria. Born in 1910, XLI. Piece, No. 110: "Announcement of the Ministry of the Interior of May 31, 1910"
  9. ^ The results of the census of December 31, 1910 in the kingdoms and countries represented in the Imperial Council - the summary results of the census. With 6 cartograms - Table I.
  10. ↑ G. Wnętrzak, 2014, p. 33
  11. ↑ G. Wnętrzak, 2014, p. 33
  12. ^ The results of the census of December 31, 1910 in the kingdoms and countries represented in the Imperial Council - the summary results of the census. With 6 cartograms - Table II.
  13. ↑ hałcnowski i bielsko-bialska wyspa językowa. Dziedzictwo językowe Rzeczypospolitej, 2014, accessed October 12, 2014 (Polish).
  14. ↑ G. Wnętrzak, 2014, p. 184
  15. ↑ G. Wnętrzak, 2014, pp. 33, 42, 56–59

literature