Kolín

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Kolín
Coat of arms of Kolin
Kolín (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Historical part of the country : Bohemia
Region : Středočeský kraj
District : Kolín
Area : 3499 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 2 ′  N , 15 ° 12 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 1 ′ 41 ″  N , 15 ° 12 ′ 2 ″  E
Height: 220  m nm
Residents : 31,690 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 280 02
License plate : S.
traffic
Street: Silnice I / 38 , I / 12
Railway connection: Česká Třebová – Praha
Znojmo – Nymburk
Kolín – Čerčany
structure
Status: city
Districts: 10
administration
Mayor : Vít Rakušan (as of 2019)
Address: Karlovo nám. 78
280 12 Kolín I
Municipality number: 533165
Website : www.mukolin.cz
Floor plan 1650
Town hall from 1494, historically restored from 1887–1889

Listen to Kolín ? / i ( German Kolin , older also Cologne , Cölln , Neu-Kolin or Collin ) is a city in the Central Bohemian region , just under 60 km east of Prague . The city lies on the Elbe and an important railway junction. Until 1995, shipping on the Elbe ended here. Audio file / audio sample

geography

Kolín is located on the left bank of the Elbe in the Středolabské tabule (table land on the middle Elbe ). The Česká Třebová – Praha and Znojmo – Nymburk railway lines cross in the town, and a branch line leads to Čerčany . The state road I / 38 between Čáslav and Nymburk runs through the city , from which the I / 12 branches off to Prague on the western edge of the city .

history

Founded by the Bohemian King Přemysl Otakar II , the city was first mentioned in 1261. Under the kings Charles IV and Wenceslaus IV , the city received numerous privileges and prospered considerably. It was one of the most important royal cities in Bohemia. In 1437 a castle was built here, which was later converted into a castle and a brewery. In 1458 Bedřich von Strážnice sold the Kolín estate to the Bohemian King George of Podebrady . In 1472 his son Viktorin von Münsterberg inherited the Kolín. He left the rule to his brother Hynko in 1475 , who in the same year left it to Matthias Corvinus , who chose Kolín as his Bohemian base. Until 1477, Hungarian troops were stationed throughout the rule. According to a settlement concluded with Vladislav II , Kolín fell to the Bohemian Crown in 1487 and became the seat of a royal district chief. The rule was later pledged and belonged to the Pernsteiners from 1531 to 1536 . In 1556 Ferdinand I gave Kolín to his general Karl von Zierotin as a pledge. His son Kaspar Melchior sold the rule to Emperor Rudolf II in 1591. In 1611, Count Wenzel Kinsky Kolín received from Matthias II as a thank you for helping him overthrow his brother. A little later, Kinsky fell out of favor with Emperor Matthias and was sentenced to death and loss of his property in 1615. He fled to Krakow and was later pardoned to life in prison. In 1618 he returned to Bohemia and was able to regain the rule of Chlumetz . The Kolín rule was annexed to the Poděbrady rule in 1628 . Between 1705 and 1745 the rule was pledged to the Principality of Salzburg . In 1750 a castle bailiff was resident again in Kolín, who was subordinate to the captain of Poděbrady.

On June 18, 1757, the Battle of Kolín occurred , in which the Austrians defeated the Prussians under Frederick the Great . In the course of the Josephian reforms, all five farms belonging to the Kolín rule were abolished and the lands were divided up. The remaining goods of the rulership were sold in 1827 to the textile manufacturer Jacob Veith from Wallern , who had made it very rich through the production of piqué goods . After his death in 1833, his son Wenzel († 1852) took over the inheritance, which included a total of three lords. After the abolition of patrimonial Kolín became the seat of a district in 1850. Veith's heirs sold the goods in Kolín in 1862 to Franz Horsky , who founded a sugar factory in 1870. His grandson Adolf Richter had the 10.6 km long, narrow-gauge Kolín beet railway built in 1894 , which ran from the sugar factory to Franzenshof and via Býchory to Eleonorenhof . In 1922 the sugar factory ceased operations. From 1935 the Kaliwerke AG produced Zyklon B for Degesch GmbH. In 1966 the beet railway was shut down and the line was partially dismantled.

City structure

Kolín consists of ten districts and 40 basic settlement units (ZSJ):

  • Kolín I - the historical center
ZSJ: Kolín-historické jádro I
  • Kolín II - the Prague suburb to the west, with the largest settlement and most of the city's inhabitants
ZSJ: Kolín-historické jádro II, Kouřimské Předměstí I, Peklo, Pražská, Pražské Předměstí, U pražské silnice, U vodárny and Západní pole
  • Kolín III - the Kauřim suburb and Kaisersdorf in the south
ZSJ: Husovo náměstí, Kolín-historické jádro III, Kouřimské Předměstí II, Nemocnice, Roháčova, U nemocnice and Václavská
  • Kolín IV - the Kuttenberg suburb in the east, with a train station and bus station
ZSJ: K Polepům, Kolín-historické jádro IV, Královská cesta, Kutnohorská, Nádraží, Ovčačka, Průmyslový obvod-jihovýchod, Přední rybník and U Jána
  • Kolín V - the Elbe suburb, the largest suburb in terms of area on the right bank of the Elbe
ZSJ: Borky, Na hanině, Průmyslový obvod-sever, Sendražice-průmyslový obvod (proportionately), Staré Labe, Třídvorská and Zálabí
  • Kolín VI - the Štítary suburb or Vejfuk, a residential area from the interwar period
ZSJ: Na Výfuku
ZSJ: K Ovčárům, Sendražice and Sendražice-průmyslový obvod (proportionately)
  • Šťáralka - settlement on the south-eastern outskirts
ZSJ: Šťáralka
  • Štítary ( Tschitern ) - an independent municipality until 1961, with archaeological finds from the Celtic and Bronze Ages
ZSJ: Na kopci, Štítarská pole and Štítary
  • Zibohlavy ( Zibohlaw ) - incorporated in 1988
ZSJ: Zibohlavy

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts Kolín (districts Kolín I-VI and Šťáralka), Sendražice u Kolína, Štítary u Kolína and Zibohlavy.

Jewish population

Jewish Quarter Na Hradbách / Karoliny Světlé

Jewish settlements in Kolín are mentioned as early as the beginning of the 14th century. A Jewish community emerged a few decades later, the Jewish ghetto from the end of the 14th century. The Jewish community in Kolín is considered one of the most important in the country. In 1854 the Jewish population reached its maximum of around 1700, after which the number fell. After the establishment of the Protectorate , most of the Jews from Kolín, around 500 people, were deported to concentration camps, of which only a few survived. The efforts of the long-time rabbi of the city, Richard Leder , to reestablish the community after 1945 were unsuccessful, and the community dissolved in the 1950s.

The community left many traces and sights in Kolín. These include in particular:

The ghetto, created in the 14th century, was located between the main square and the city wall in the west; numerous houses have been preserved to this day.
The synagogue was in the middle of the Jewish quarter; it was used for church services until around 1955, and is now a national cultural monument.
Cemetery from the 15th century with 2,600 gravestones, some of which are very important ( Mazewot ); Funerals took place until 1887.
The new cemetery was created in 1887 as a replacement for the old cemetery in the Zálabí district on the right of the Elbe; there are several hundred tombstones, as well as a memorial for the Holocaust victims.

economy

Industrial production today includes some operations in the chemical and petrochemical industry, the food and printing industry, as well as the machine and automotive industries.

Since February 2005 there is an automobile production of the consortium TPCA ( Toyota-Peugeot-Citroën Automobile ) on the northern outskirts . On December 19, 2005, the 100,000. Car built, and on December 19, 2008 the 1,000,000. Automobile. Almost all of the production is exported.

Attractions

Market Square (Karlovo náměstí) with the Church of St. Bartholomew

The historic city center was declared an urban monument reserve in 1989 .

  • St. Bartholomew Church

  • St. Bartholomew Church from the New Bridge

  • Former Jewish quarter

  • Memorial stone for Dean Hynek von Ronov (1421)

  • New Kolín and Old Kolin on the Elbe (top left) around 1900, 3rd land survey

Sports

Logo of FK Kolín

Kolín is the hometown of one of the oldest Czech football clubs, AFK Kolín , which is only active in the junior sector. The city is also home to FK Kolín , who has played in the second-highest Czech league again since 2014. Already in the 2001/02 season, the club, then under the name FK Mogul Kolín, was second class.

Twin cities

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Other personalities

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/533165/Kolin
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ Antonín Profous : Místní jména v Čechách - Vznik jejich, původní význam a změny . Volume 1-5. Česká akademie věd a umění, Prague 1947–1960.
  4. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/533165/Obec-Kolin
  5. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/533165/Obec-Kolin
  6. ^ Julius Lippert : Social history of Bohemia in pre-Hussite times. Volume 2: The social influence of the Christian church organizations and the German colonization. Tempsky et al., Prague et al. 1898, p. 193 .
  7. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/533165/Obec-Kolin
  8. ↑ a b c Jiří Fiedler: Kolín , report on the Jewish community in Kolín, online at: holocaust.cz / ...
  9. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area , 3 volumes, Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08035-2 , here section Kolin (Bohemia) , in: Online version From the history of Jewish Communities in the German-speaking area , online at: jewische-gemeinden.de / ...
  10. ↑ a b c Židovské ghetto , website of the Kolín Tourist Information Center (TIC), online at: tickolin.cz / ...
  11. ↑ TPCA's Milestones (English)
  12. ↑ TPCA About us (English)

Web links

Commons : Kolín  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Colin in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts