Rimavská Sobota
| Rimavská Sobota | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| coat of arms | map | ||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Slovakia | ||
| Kraj : | Banskobystrický kraj | ||
| Okres : | Rimavská Sobota | ||
| Region : | Gemer | ||
| Area : | 77.550 km² | ||
| Residents : | 23,751 (Dec. 31, 2019) | ||
| Population density : | 306 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Height : | 208 m nm | ||
| Postal code : | 979 01 | ||
| Telephone code : | 0 47 | ||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 23 ' N , 20 ° 1' E | ||
| License plate : | RS | ||
| Kód obce : | 514462 | ||
| structure | |||
| Community type : | city | ||
| Urban area structure: | 10 districts | ||
| Administration (as of November 2018) | |||
| Mayor : | Jozef Šimko | ||
| Address: | Mestský úrad Rimavská Sobota Svätoplukova 9 97901 Rimavská Sobota |
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| Website: | www.rimavskasobota.sk | ||
| Statistics information on statistics.sk | |||
Rimavská Sobota ( German Großsteffelsdorf , Hungarian Rimaszombat ) is a town in the district of Banská Bystrica ( German Neusohl ) in southern Slovakia near the Hungarian border. The city was the capital of the Gemerer County from 1850 to 1918 , is now the largest city in the Okres of the same name (German district ) Rimavská Sobota and has around 24,000 inhabitants.
The name comes from Hungarian and means something like Saturday market on the Rimau . The Hungarian Rima and Slovak Rimava indicate the river flowing through it and the szombat and sobota indicate the market day.
geography
The city and the district are located in the Malohont (Hungarian Kishont , German Kleinhont ) and in the valley of the Rimava River (German Rimau , Hungarian Rima ) between the Slovak Ore Mountains and the Cerová vrchovina mountainous region . Geomorphologically, the city is part of the Juhoslovenská kotlina basin or, more precisely, its sub-unit Rimavská kotlina . The city center is at an altitude of 208 m nm and is 105 kilometers from Banská Bystrica , 125 kilometers from Košice and 275 kilometers from the capital Bratislava .
Comune, clockwise and starting from the north: Horné Zahorany , Drazice , Zacharovce , VEĽKÝ BLH , uzovská panica , Tomášovce , sutor , Rimavské Janovce , Gemerček , Čierny Potok , Husiná , Ožďany , Kružno , Čerenčany and veľké teriakovce .
City structure
The city of Rimavská Sobota consists of a total of ten districts (as of 2014), with the actual old town on the left of the Rimava; Tomašová is to the left of the river.
| Surname | annotation |
|---|---|
| Old town and Chrenovisto | Old town in Slovak Staré mesto |
| Bakta | Incorporated in 1973; Hungarian Bakti |
| Dúžava | Incorporated in 1975; Hungarian Dúsa |
| Mojin | Incorporated in 1975; Hungarian Mezőtelkes |
| Nižná Pokoradz | Incorporated in 1975; Hungarian Alsópokorágy |
| Tomašová - Včelinec - Kurinec | Tomašová was incorporated in 1948; Hungarian Rimatamásfalva , Včelinec in Hungarian Méhes ; Kurinec in Hungarian Kurinc |
| Rožňavská - Šibeničný vrch - Sabová - Vinice | Šibeničný vrch in Hungarian Akasztófa hegyi , German Galgenberg ; Sabová in Hungarian Szabópuszta ; Vinice in Hungarian Szölös |
| Sídlisko Rimava - Malohontská | Malohontská in Hungarian Kis-Hont , German Kleinhont |
| Vyšná Pokoradz | Incorporated in 1975; Hungarian Felsőpokorágy |
| Západ - Sobôtka - Kláčany | Sobôtka in Hungarian Szabadka |
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1976–1990 was also the municipality of Zacharovce , in Hungarian Zeherje , part of Rimavská Sobota. From 1926 to 1973, Bakta was temporarily an independent municipality.
Residents
Development of the population
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 2011 | 24 640 |
| 2001 | 25 088 |
| 1991 | 24 771 |
| 1980 | 19 699 |
| 1970 | 14 556 |
| 1961 | 10 506 |
| 1948 | 9 160 |
| 1940 | 7 023 |
| 1930 | 8 044 |
| 1921 | 7 096 |
| 1910 | 6 912 |
| 1900 | 5 849 |
| 1890 | 5 675 |
| 1880 | 4,956 |
| 1869 | 4 903 |
| 1857 | 4 098 |
| 1830 | 7 467 |
Composition of the population
| 2011 | 2001 | 1991 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nationality | number | in percent | number | in percent | number | in percent |
| Slovaks | 13 301 | 53.98% | 14 872 | 59.28% | 14 256 | 57.55% |
| Hungary | 7 298 | 29.62% | 8 846 | 35.26% | 9 854 | 39.78% |
| Roma | 247 | 1.00% | 755 | 3.01% | 354 | 1.43% |
| Ruthenians | 5 | 0.02% | 5 | 0.02% | 2 | 0.01% |
| Ukrainians | 16 | 0.06% | 25th | 0.10% | 16 | 0.06% |
| Czechs | 102 | 0.41% | 176 | 0.70% | 209 | 0.84% |
| German | 12 | 0.05% | 13 | 0.05% | 11 | 0.04% |
| Poland | 9 | 0.04% | 13 | 0.05% | 7th | 0.03% |
| Croatians | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Serbs | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Russians | 8th | 0.03% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Jews | 4th | 0.02% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Moravian | 5 | 0.02% | 2 | 0.01% | 11 | 0.04% |
| Bulgarians | 6th | 0.02% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Others | 30th | 0.12% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| not specified | 3,597 | 14.60% | 381 | 1.52% | 51 | 0.20% |
| total | 24 640 | 100% | 25 088 | 100% | 24 771 | 100% |
religion
According to the 2001 census, 47.84% of the population were Roman Catholics, 25.44% without religion, and 10.33% Protestant. 5.26% did not provide any information. The formerly flourishing Jewish community life was destroyed by the Holocaust in 1944. The synagogue was demolished in 1988. A memorial has been in memory of the Jewish fellow citizens since 2005.
history
Beginnings up to the Middle Ages
The place is an old settlement, the archaeological finds that are today in the Gemer-Malohont Museum of the city come from the late Bronze Age and the Hallstatt Age. Traces of Roman settlement have also been secured. In the 3rd and 4th centuries AD, the area was inhabited by the Vandal; In the course of the Great Migration, the Lombards settled here in the 5th and 6th centuries, and were driven out by the Avars around 567. From the 6th century, Slavic tribes came to this area from the east. The Hungarian invasions began in 895, and from this time on, Hungarian shepherds began to immigrate, and they settled down over the next century. Rimavská Sobota does not have an exact date of foundation, the community developed from the old villa stephani , which was probably a market settlement as early as the 12th century. Around 1150 the settlement came to the Archbishopric of Kalocsa through Archbishop Miko . Rimaszombat was first mentioned as Rymoa Zumbota in 1268 (according to the city council's website in 1271) ; in a letter to Archbishop Stephanus II, the Chancellor of Hungary, a market with supraregional importance is reported.
Tamás Széchenyi, a Transylvanian nobleman and lord of Szolnok , acquired the area on June 24, 1334. The Hungarian King Charles I granted the city Buda city rights in 1335 . Important privileges were associated with this, such as toll-free use of all Hungarian roads and exemption from all customs duties within Hungary. In 1387, the later Roman-German Emperor Sigismund von Luxemburg stayed in the city and awarded it the city's coat of arms on October 16: a red armored and tongued black eagle on a silver shield. It was a great honor for the city, as the awarding of a coat of arms at that time was not only complex, but also associated with high costs.
In the fight between Wladislaw III. and Ladislaus Postumus , Rimaszombat hosted peace negotiations several times. While the agreements in 1447 and 1452 were unsuccessful, a peace treaty between Johann Jiskra and Johann Hunyadi was concluded in Rimaszombat in 1451 after the latter had lost the battle of Losonc . 1447 seized under this fighting Hunyadi again, occupied the city and Rimaszombat had as arson pay 16,000 florins.
In 1460, the male line of the Széchenyi family died out with Ladislaus II and the city fell to the Hungarian crown. In 1506 a huge conflagration devastated the whole city. So that it could be rebuilt quickly, it was exempted from all taxes by King Wladislav II for eight years and the privileges of the city were confirmed. In the course of the reconstruction of the city, the road network was planned by Italian architects in the form of a rectangle, which can still be seen in the old town today.
From the Turkish wars to the 19th century
The rapid development of Rimaszombat came to an abrupt end with the Turkish invasion in 1553. The city was occupied by the Turks for the second time in 1596. During this time she belonged to the Sandschak Fülek , ( German Fileck in the province of Buda; Ottoman: Eyālet-i Būdīn). From 1596 the city was part of the province of Erlau (Ottoman: Eyālet-i Egīr) until it became Hungarian again in 1686 as part of the Great Turkish War under King Leopold I.
After the city suffered severely under Turkish occupation, there was an economic boom in the 17th century, which was suddenly interrupted by the Kuruzenkrieg of 1710/11 when the troops of Francis II Rákóczi camped in the city and led an anti-Habsburg uprising. As a result of the chaos of war, a severe cholera epidemic raged in the city in 1710.
In 1769 there was a dispute between the local Calvinists and the Catholics . The Calvinists had disrupted a Catholic procession because they accused the Catholics of wanting to take over their church. This met with outrage in the Catholic Habsburg Empire , so that in 1771 Maria Theresa had the Calvinist church torn down and a Catholic one built in its place. At the time of Josephinism , Rimaszombat became the capital of the Gemerer County for the first time , from 1786 to 1790. In 1805, the Russian general Michael Kutuzov spent one night in Rimaszombat while retreating from the battle of Austerlitz . In 1831 another cholera epidemic caused 231 deaths in the city. During the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, 250 soldiers of the Royal Hungarian Landwehr were housed in Rimaszombat. On July 21 and 22, 1849, the Commander-in-Chief of the Hungarian Revolutionary Army, Artúr Görgey , negotiated with the Russian Army here. However, when the Austrian troops under General Schlik approached the city, Görgey had to withdraw and Russian troops occupied the city. In mid-August, after the defeat of the Hungarians in Világos, Slovak volunteer organizations under Colonel Henrik Lewartowski occupied Rimaszombat as part of the Slovak uprising . With the end of the uprising at the end of October 1849, the associations disbanded and left the city. From 1850 until 1922 Rimaszombat was again the capital of Gemer and Kleinhont counties .
20th and 21st centuries
In 1918, in May (12th / 13th) and October (15th – 20th) at the end of the First World War, workers and soldiers uprisings broke out in Rimaszombat. As part of the Treaty of Saint-Germain on September 10, 1919, the city came to the newly founded Czechoslovakia, although at the last census in 1910 90% of the population were Hungarians. As early as January 1919, the 32nd battalion of the Czechoslovak Italian legionaries occupied Rimaszombat. However, they were expelled in May 1919 by the Hungarian Red Army , which proclaimed a workers and peasants government. From May 31 to July 5, 1919, Rimaszombat was the headquarters of the Hungarian Red Army, after which the Czechoslovak army occupied the area again and drove out the Hungarian soldiers. In 1919 the city was officially renamed Rimavská Sobota and the Rimavská Sobota district was formed, which until 1922 belonged to Gemer and Kleinhont County unchanged. From 1923 the city belonged to the Sohler (large) county (Slovak Zvolenská (veľ) župa ) after a regional reform .
As part of the First Vienna Arbitration Award , the city came back to Hungary on November 10, 1938 because of its Hungarian majority (1941 census: 93% Hungarians) and was incorporated into Gemer County .
In June 1944, the 546 Jewish residents of Rimaszombat were ghettoized and deported via Salgótarján to the Auschwitz concentration camp .
On December 21, 1944 Rimavská Sobota was occupied by the 240th Motorized Soviet Rifle Division of the 12th Army under Major General Ponedelin. At the Paris Peace Conference in 1946 , the Vienna arbitration award was annulled and Rimavská Sobota came back to Czechoslovakia . In the course of the Beneš decrees in 1945/46, many Hungarians left their hometown and settled south of the Danube, so that the Hungarian proportion of the population fell sharply.
politics
The Rimavská Sobota city council, which is elected for four years, consists of 19 members and the mayor. The last local elections in 2014 came to the following conclusion: the conservative-liberal party NOVA won seven seats, the social democratic SMER three seats, independent candidates two seats, the Hungarian coalition party MOST two seats and the liberal-conservative SDKU two seats. The democratic left SDL , the party “Modern Slovakia” and the right-wing conservative KDH each won one seat .
The incumbent mayor (Slovak primátor ) has been the non-party Jozef Šimko since 2010.
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
Since the end of the Second World War , industrialization has taken hold in the city. There was an upswing in the food sector in particular: the dairy was founded in 1948, the tobacco factory in 1957 and a malt house with a capacity of 18,000 tons in 1963. A sugar refinery was built in 1966, but it has since been shut down. In 1977 the Tauris meat processing factory was established . The Gemer Brewery ( Pivovar Gemer in Slovak ), founded in 1965, produced up to 450,000 hectoliters of beer, around a third of which was exported to Hungary. In 1999 the company was privatized and sold to the Heineken company. In 2006, Heineken relocated production to Hurbanovo and shut down the brewery.
The largest employer in the region is the food company Tauris Group, which was converted into a stock company as part of privatization after 1989 (main shareholder: Eco-Invest). Main products are u. a. the Spiš sausages (Slovak: Spišské párky ), a type of Viennese sausage, known in the region .
Every year in September there is a national fair.
The region around Rimavská Sobota is one of the poorest areas in Slovakia, the unemployment rate in 2009 was 33%.
tourism
Tourism in the Slovak Ore Mountains is becoming increasingly important. Tourists are rarely found in Rimavská Sobota, although the city offers a modern thermal bath in Kurinec and the baroque old town is worth seeing. The castle in Bakta, however, is still well preserved. The protected landscape area Cerová vrchovina is about ten kilometers south .
In Kurinec there is a recreational area with a campsite and a small lake.
In Tomašová there is a salt cave where u. a. Respiratory diseases are treated. The city is a member of the Gemer tourism region .
Education and culture
A higher education has been possible in Rimavská Sobota since the establishment of the Societas ex totius Monarchieae Austriavae erudita in 1792. Today there are several grammar schools in the city, a secondary school, a technical high school for engineering and a technical high school for services; a technical school for nutrition and one for agriculture as well as a private university, the Hotel Academy . There are Hungarian schools for the Hungarian-speaking population. There is a general hospital and a diagnostic center in the city.
Since 1992, annual poetry and recitation competitions have been held as part of the “Poetry and Prose” festival.
In 1975 the first observatory in Slovakia was built in the Tomášová district. In 1999 the asteroid 20.495 was discovered here and named in honor of the Rimavská (20.495) observatory .
Rimavská Sobota is the location of a transmitter for short and medium wave ( radio transmitter Rimavská Sobota ) with transmitter masts that are up to 170 m high.
traffic
Street
Rimavská Sobota is on the main road from Bratislava to Košice, the E 571 , signposted as 1st order road 50 on this section . The 1st order road 72 leads north towards Brezno and Low Tatras . The Hungarian border is about 17 km south of the city.
railroad
Rimavská Sobota is located on the Jesenské – Tisovec branch line , via which connections to Košice, Bratislava and Banská Bystrica are possible. The Rimavská Sobota – Poltár railway line, built in 1913, was closed in 2000 and dismantled in 2007.
bus
Rimavská Sobota has a well-developed local bus network. A modern bus station serves as a stop for the long-distance bus lines; all major cities in Slovakia can be reached.
Air traffic
The nearest international airport is 94 km away in Sliač . There is a small airfield in Boľkovce near Lučenec , which is about 25 km away.
Attractions
- Old university building, erected in 1794 in baroque style. Kálmán Mikszáth studied here from 1857 to 1863 .
- Old town hall on the main market, built in 1798 in Empire style; today the city library (see picture on the right)
- Evangelical Church, built in 1786 in the style of Louis XVI. , Tower from 1856 (picture see photo gallery)
- Gemer Malohont Museum; the fifth oldest museum in Slovakia; originally an artillery barracks, opened in 1882 (see photo gallery)
- Bell tower from the 16th century (see picture above)
- Rectory; built in 1775 in baroque style; one of the most beautiful buildings on the main square (Hlavné námestie)
- Town hall; Completed in 1801 in the baroque-classical style (see picture gallery)
- Reformed Church; built in 1784 in Empire style, with a 36 m high tower. The grave of the Hungarian sculptor István Ferenczy is also here
- Roman Catholic parish church of John the Baptist; built 1774–1790 in baroque style; inside with frescoes (picture see photo gallery)
- Remains of the Turkish bridge from 1553.
- Watermill on the Rimava from 1823.
- Bakta: medieval castle
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sons and daughters of the town
Place of birth of:
- 1630: István Harsányi , Protestant theologian and historian
- 1660: Juhász Sámuel Kaposi ; Astronomer, author of the first Hebrew book in Hungary
- 1718: István Hatvani , Hungarian professor and astronomer
- 1781: József Szentpétery, Hungarian artist and goldsmith
- 1792: István Ferenczy , Hungarian sculptor
- 1813: György Kmety , Hungarian freedom fighter, Turkish general and governor
- 1817: Michael Tompa , Hungarian poet
- 1818: Luise Szathmáryné , actress, honorary member of the Budapest National Theater
- 1823 Therese Ferenczy , Hungarian poet
- 1826: Sámuel Batizfalvy , doctor, pioneer of Hungarian orthopedics, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- 1843: Aglaja Orgeni , Hungarian singer (coloratura soprano) and singing teacher
- 1849: József Jekelfalussy , editor and statistician, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- 1850: Lujza Blaha , Hungarian actress and singer
- 1851: Samuel Freiherr von Hazai , kuk Colonel General, Hungarian Defense Minister 1907–1918
- 1854: István Bernát , professor, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Vice-President of the Hungarian National Bank
- 1856: Béla Broncs , Hungarian chemist, inventor of the bronolit
- 1896: Árpád Vajda , Hungarian international chess master
- 1917: Tibor Kolbenheyer, geophysicist, astrophysicist and honorary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- 1946: Ilma Rakusa , Slavist, translator, writer
- 1978: Róbert Rák , football player
Workplace of: Janko Jesenský , Peter Kalmon Hostinský , Jozef Škultéty , Eduard Putra u. a.
Twin cities
Rimavská Sobota has twinned cities
| Twin town | Country |
|---|---|
| Kolín |
 Czech Republic
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| Ózd |
 Hungary
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| Tiszaújváros |
Hungary
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| Salonta |
 Romania
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| Świętochłowice |
 Poland
|
Town hall on the main square
Protestant church
Rimavská Sobota - Gemer Malohont Museum
catholic church of St. John the Baptist
reformed Church
Hungarian high school
Bell tower in Vyšná Pokoradz
Church of Dúžava
Bell tower in Dúžava
Mojín Church
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Culture
Others
The place has since 2004 notoriety as the origin for "Demuts beggar gained" in the West. Some residents, mostly Roma , have been forced by usurers and blackmailers to beg in Bavaria and Austria for years. In doing so, they appear legally as tourists and have to transfer all income to the mafia. The beggars have to live below the subsistence level despite the three-digit amounts that they take in each day.
literature
- Rimaszombat , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , p. 659
Web links
Single receipts
- ↑ Bruno Schrep: Beatings every day. In: Der Spiegel. 45/2005 (online at: www.spiegel.de , accessed on December 28, 2013)
- ↑ Ralph Hub: This is how the beggar mafia's scam works. July 10, 2011 (online at: www.abendzeitung-muenchen.de , accessed on December 28, 2013)