Nižný Klátov

Nižný Klátov (Hungarian Alsótőkés ) is a municipality in eastern Slovakia with 856 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019). It is located in Okres Košice-okolie , a part of Košický kraj .

geography

The municipality is located about seven kilometers northwest of the city of Košice . The almost six square kilometers large municipal area includes a valley section of the upper Myslavsky potok , a tributary of the Hornád . The heights around Nižný Klátov belong to the Volovec Mountains , the eastern foothills of the Slovak Ore Mountains . In the north of the municipality the terrain rises and reaches the highest point in Križna hora with 521 m nm . In the south, a narrow, wooded ridge separates the valley of the Myslavsky potok from the valley of the Ida , which flows here parallel to the southeast and the Vodná nádrž Bukovec, which it dammed . The east of the municipality - around the valley of the small river Vrbica - is covered by dense forests.

eastern entrance to Nižný Klátov

Neighboring municipalities of Nižný Klátov are Košice in the northeast and east, Baška in the southeast, Bukovec in the south, Hýľov in the west and Vyšný Klátov in the northwest.

history

Finds of stone tools suggest that the area around today's Nižný Klátov municipality was settled around 38,000 years ago. In neighboring Myslava there were also remains of Neolithic people as well as remains of dwellings with a base area of 4 × 8 m. Archaeologists calculated about 40 to 70 inhabitants for this village between Myslava and Nižný Klátov. In the last centuries before the Common Era (in the early Iron Age), the Celts penetrated the Košice Basin. They brought new metalworking techniques and the potter's wheel with them. At the time of the Great Migration, tribes from today's Romania (Dacians) and Germanic Vandals came to the area, Slavic groups came from the east - the ancestors of today's Slovaks, later nomadic Avars. Gradually, farming villages of different cultures and mixed settlements emerged. A long coexistence between Slavs and Avars, the later Hungarians, began around the 9th century.

The Slovak influence in the settlement of the Košice area increased during the time of the Great Moravian Empire . Nevertheless, historians assume that Nižný Klátov was founded by German colonists. The reason for this assumption are numerous early German field names ( Šternberk, Iberšek, Pod Buchberkom ) in the vicinity of the village. It was on the southern edge of the Spiš , which was conquered by Hungary in the second half of the 11th century ( organized as Spis County in the middle of the 12th century ). Most of the Spiš cities had their origins in German settlements (in the Lower Spiš mainly mining settlements), for which German specialists and miners from Silesia, Saxony and Thuringia were brought into the country by the Hungarian kings from the 12th century, especially after the Mongol invasion in 1242 .

In 1317 Nižný Klátov was first mentioned in writing in a document that is now in an archive in Košice.

The rule of Nižný Klátov changed quite frequently, parts of the village were often sold or pledged to regional landlords. The village initially consisted of two parts - a lower village (Nižný Klátov) and an upper village (today's municipality Vyšný Klátov ). The Hungarian names are Alsótőkés and Felsőtőkés ; in the early documents - including 1337 - both parts of the village are referred to as Tőkés and Tejkeš . In 1344 the village was called Thewkes in the register of the papal tithe .

The construction of a first stone church or chapel is documented as early as 1311.

In 1382 Nižný and Vyšný Klátov passed into the possession of the town of Košice, from that time onwards there were two different villages. There is evidence of a water mill with a sawmill in Vyšný Klátov in 1633.

In the 14th and 15th centuries, the population of Nižný Klátov decreased due to the tense economic situation as a result of the Turkish wars , religious conflicts and frequent epidemics. From the late 16th century onwards, the increasing number of Slovaks began to move in. In the 16th century, the ideas of Luther and Calvin also came to the village. They fell on fertile soil mainly among the German population. In the late 17th century, the Counter Reformation took hold in eastern Slovakia (in 1752 all residents of Nižný Klátov were Catholic again). Other decisive events were the fighting during the Kuruc Uprising of Francis II Rákóczi and a plague epidemic in 1710.

In the first half. In the 19th century, poor harvests, hunger and a cholera epidemic erupted into unrest in the impoverished population, which culminated in a peasant uprising in 1831.

At the beginning of the 19th century, almost exclusively Slovaks lived in Nižný Klátov, the officials of the gendarmerie, the military, financial, educational, tax and other administrative authorities were Hungarians. At the end of the 19th century, the poverty that prevailed in all of eastern Slovakia drove many residents out of the country - some to Hungary, some overseas.

During the First World War, cattle, corn, potatoes, beans, bacon, hay, straw, wool, tin, copper and brass objects as well as a church bell were confiscated from the village. A food stamp system was also introduced. Many men were recruited, and Russian prisoners of war were now increasingly doing the work in the fields. 15 men from the village did not return from the war, most of them died on the Eastern Front.

In 1919 there were clashes between the new Czechoslovak and Hungarian armies near Nižný Klátov, which claimed many victims on both sides.

After the First Vienna Arbitration , Nižný Klátov and the surrounding area belonged to the Hungarian Abaúj County from 1938 to 1945 .

The village is located in an area where natural resources such as iron, copper, gold, silver, magnesite and coal have been mined since the Middle Ages, for example in Vyšný Medzev , Zlatá Idka , Opátka , Košické Hámre or Košická Belá . There have been repeated attempts to continue the mining tradition in Nižný Klátov - most recently in the 1930s - but ultimately without success. Only the granite quarrying is still worthwhile today.

In 1926 the village got a library, a year later the volunteer fire brigade was founded.

population

According to the results of the 2001 census, Nižný Klátov had 614 inhabitants, 99.5% of whom were Slovaks. 88.1% of the residents professed their support for the Roman Catholic Church.

Attractions

The Roman Catholic Archangel Michael Church ( Rímskokatolícky kostol svätého Michala, archanjela ) is in the north of the village. It was built in 1930 to replace an old dilapidated building. The 160 m long church wall dates from 1935.
The Parish Church of the Holy Trinity ( Farský kostol Najsvätejšej Trojice )

Economy and Infrastructure

Agriculture has been an important line of business in Nižný Klátov for many generations - especially dairy farming and the cultivation of grain and animal feed. Some residents commute to the nearby city of Košice . The largest employer in Nižný Klátov, however, is a quarry northwest of the town, which is operated by the Krušgeo SK company. There is already an official permit for the quarry to be expanded tenfold by 2020; Only the way in which the rock is removed is unclear.

In Nižný Klátov there is a kindergarten, a primary school, a library and a grocery store.

The main road from Košice via Hýľov to Zlatá Idka runs through Nižný Klátov . The only access road to Vyšný Klátov branches off from this road in Nižný Klátov . There are regular bus connections to Košice. There are train connections to all parts of the country from nearby Košice.

supporting documents

↑ history www.niznyklatov.sk. Retrieved February 3, 2011 (Slovak).

↑ Statistical data on statistics.sk/mosmis ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Slovak)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / app.statistics.sk

^ Church on www.dokostola.sk. Retrieved February 3, 2011 (Slovak).

^ Church on www.dokostola.sk. Retrieved February 4, 2011 (Slovak).

Web links

Community presentation (Slovak)
Nižný Klátov on obce.info.sk (Slovak)

[1] history www.niznyklatov.sk. Retrieved February 3, 2011 (Slovak).