Debraď
| Debraď | |||
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| coat of arms | map | ||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Slovakia | ||
| Kraj : | Košický kraj | ||
| Okres : | Košice-okolie | ||
| Region : | Košice | ||
| Area : | 23.791 km² | ||
| Residents : | 402 (Dec. 31, 2019) | ||
| Population density : | 17 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Height : | 270 m nm | ||
| Postal code : | 045 01 (Post Moldava nad Bodvou ) | ||
| Telephone code : | 0 55 | ||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 39 ' N , 20 ° 59' E | ||
| License plate : | KS | ||
| Kód obce : | 521329 | ||
| structure | |||
| Community type : | local community | ||
| Administration (as of November 2019) | |||
| Mayor : | Adrianna Gergely Papp | ||
| Address: | Obecný úrad Debraď Číslo 147 045 01 Debraď |
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| Website: | www.debrad.sk | ||
| Statistics information on statistics.sk | |||
Debraď (until 1927 “Debrač” in Slovak; Debrőd in Hungarian - in the 19th century also Jászódebrőd ) is a municipality in eastern Slovakia with 402 Hungarian-speaking residents (as of December 31, 2019). It is located in Okres Košice-okolie , a part of Košický kraj .
geography
The municipality is located about 20 kilometers west of the city of Košice and about twelve kilometers north of the Hungarian border. The almost 24 km² large municipal area comprises the easternmost section of the Slovak Karst and extends to the east over the river valley of the Bodva (district Hatiny ). The core town lies on a plateau above the Bodva valley, which slopes partly steeply and partly in terraces to the east. The cleared island Debraď is surrounded by wooded heights ( Lipová hora 376 m nm , Koňcový košiar 463 m nm , Vapenný vrch 478 m nm ). The terrain is flatter east of the Bodva. It is dominated by arable land, but also by mixed forests.
A special feature are the five caves in the immediate vicinity of Debraď - all on the steep karst western bank of the Bodva. The best known is the Jossau cave ( Jasovská jaskyňa ), already in the municipal area of Jasov.
Neighboring municipalities to Debraď are Jasov in the north, Rudník in the northeast, Paňovce in the east, Mokrance in the southeast, Moldava nad Bodvou in the south, Drienovec in the southwest, Turňa nad Bodvou in the west and Hačava (point of contact) and Medzev (point of contact) in the northwest.
history
1255 appeared Debraď first time in a deed of the Norbertine - monastery Jasov as Debragh on, under whose rule the village intermittently until 1848 remained. In the 14th century, farmers from the nearby Moldava settled here , who also brought wine growing with them. Starting in 1436, Nádasdi István and Hangoni László , the masters of Tornau Castle , registered claims to property in and around Debraď, which they and their sons implemented two years later by appropriating forests, fields and meadows in the manner of robber barons. It was not until 1447 that Debraď returned to the Jasov Monastery. In the following decades, the ownership changed quite often under the regional nobility. During the uprising against the Habsburgs and a rampant plague epidemic, many residents left the village of Debraď. After the Turks were expelled in 1715, the village was repopulated by southern Hungarian farmers from the area around Szeged , whose descendants still speak the Szeged dialect. The first Roman Catholic school opened in 1734. In 1828 there were 657 residents in 93 houses in Debraď, and in 1851 there were 659 purely Catholic residents. In 1866 the municipality was expanded to include some areas east of the Bodva . In 1900 the population of the village had increased to 724. A major fire destroyed large parts of the village in 1911. During the reconstruction, Debraď got a new water supply and disposal system.
Nine soldiers from Debraď perished in the First World War. Another 14 villagers lost their lives in fighting on site in 1918 when the village was occupied by troops of the Hungarian Soviet Republic under Béla Kun . Under the terms of the Trianon Treaty , Debraď became part of Czechoslovakia. After the first Vienna arbitration , the village belonged again to Hungary between 1938 and 1945. The winding road from Debraď down to the district of Hatiny on the Bodva was built in 1939. On Maundy Thursday in 1944, the church tower was struck by lightning, killing four believers and injuring more than ten.
After the end of the Second World War, the Hungarian school had to close. Many residents left Debraď for Hungary, some were deported to the Czech Republic for forced labor. It was not until 1948 that the political ostracism and persecution of the Hungarians ended.
In 1950 the collectivization of agriculture began in Debraď. In the years that followed, a number of infrastructure projects were successfully completed. These included the new community center (1977), the asphalting of all side streets (1988) and the new water supply (1993). In 2000, a lime distillery was opened in the district of Hatiny , which continues the old craft tradition of lime burning in the village, but gets the sand-lime brick from the surrounding quarries.
population
According to the results of the 2001 census, Debraď had 391 inhabitants, 69% Hungarians and 30% Slovaks. 88.7% of the residents professed their support for the Roman Catholic Church.
Attractions
- Roman Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul ( Farský kostol sv. Apoštolov Petra a Pavla ) on the northeastern edge of the village
- St. Ladislaus spring, which, according to legend, was scratched free from the hoof of St. Ladislaus horse when his army was about to die of thirst. A church used to stand near the source, today a shrine with a sculpture of Ladislaus as a place of pilgrimage
- Chapel of the Holy Trinity ( Kaplnka Svätej trojice )
Economy and Infrastructure
Agriculture has been an important line of business in Debraď for many generations - especially livestock. In addition to forestry and the service industry, the lime kiln plays an important role. Some residents commute to the nearby towns of Moldava nad Bodvou and Košice.
In Debraď there is a kindergarten, a primary school, a library and a small grocery store.
State road 550, which opens up the upper Bodva valley, runs through the east of the Debraď community from Medzev to Moldava nad Bodvou. There is a connection to trunk road 50 (here also part of European route 58 ) from Košice via Rožňava to Bratislava . There are regular bus connections to Medzev and Moldava nad Bodvou. The single- track Moldava nad Bodvou – Medzev railway has been running parallel to the 550 national road since 1894, with a stop in the Hatiny district of Debra . Since 2003 the route has only been used for freight traffic.
supporting documents
- ↑ History summary on www.debrad.sk. Retrieved March 28, 2013 (Slovak).
- ↑ Statistical data on statistics.sk/mosmis ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Slovak)
- ^ Church on www.dokostola.sk. Retrieved March 25, 2013 (Slovak).
Web links
- Debraď on obce.info.sk (Slovak)