Oberkassel (Bonn)

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Oberkassel
Federal city of Bonn
Coat of arms of Oberkassel
Coordinates: 50 ° 42 ′ 47 "  N , 7 ° 10 ′ 4"  E
Height : 61 m above sea level NHN
Area : 3.55 km²
Residents : 6981  (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 1,966 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st August 1969
Postal code : 53227
Area code : 0228
Alt-Godesberg Auerberg Beuel-Mitte Beuel-Ost Brüser Berg Buschdorf Bonn-Castell Dottendorf Dransdorf Duisdorf Endenich Friesdorf Geislar Godesberg-Nord Godesberg-Villenviertel Graurheindorf Gronau Hardthöhe Heiderhof Hochkreuz Hoholz Holtorf Holzlar Ippendorf Kessenich Küdinghoven Lannesdorf Lengsdorf Lessenich/Meßdorf Limperich Mehlem Muffendorf Nordstadt Oberkassel Pennenfeld Plittersdorf Poppelsdorf Pützchen/Bechlinghoven Ramersdorf Röttgen Rüngsdorf Schwarzrheindorf/Vilich-Rheindorf Schweinheim Südstadt Tannenbusch Ückesdorf Venusberg Vilich Vilich-Müldorf Weststadt Bonn-Zentrummap
About this picture
Location of the Oberkassel district in the Beuel district of Bonn
Oberkassel
Kinkeldenkmal in Oberkassel
Lippe country house by Johann Conrad Schlaun

Oberkassel (official spelling until August 14, 1936: Obercassel ) is a district of the federal city of Bonn in the Beuel district and is located on the right bank of the Rhine on the edge of the Siebengebirge . Oberkassel has about 7000 inhabitants.

geography

Oberkassel is the southernmost part of the Bonn district of Beuel and thus the southernmost on the right bank of the Rhine from Bonn. It is located at the transition area from the Middle - to the Lower Rhine in the Godesberg Rhine Valley funnel , the southern end of the Cologne Bay , at the western foot of the Ennert ridge, which overhangs the Siebengebirge to the north, with its Rabenlay and Kuckstein elevations that slope steeply towards the Rhine Valley . In the east above the tunnel section of the federal highway 42 , the contiguous development of the district on the slope of the Ennert extends up to altitudes of a good 110  m above sea level. NHN . In the north, Oberkassel borders the Ramersdorf district and shares the new Bonner Bogen development area with it . In the south Oberkassel borders on Oberdollendorf , in the southeast there is a smooth transition to the Oberdollendorf district of Römlinghoven . This is also the city boundary between Bonn and the city of Königswinter , which is already part of the Rhein-Sieg district . After all, the Rhine forms the border with the Bad Godesberg district .

The highest point in the area of ​​Oberkassel and also of Bonn is the Paffelsberg , which belongs to the Ennert, at 195 meters.

history

The double grave of Oberkassel, found in a stone quarry in 1914 as the oldest find of modern humans (Homo sapiens) in Germany, indicates an early settlement of the area .

Oberkassel was first mentioned as Cassele in 722/723 and clearly as Cassela in 1144, the name probably goes back to the Celtic word "Cassola", which means swamp, stream and moor. A derivative of the Roman "Castel" is also conceivable. The previously independent settlements Berghoven (first mentioned in 873), Büchel (first mentioned in 1202), Broich (first mentioned in 1306) and Meerhausen (first mentioned in 1442) belong to Oberkassel.

The Buschhof was added to the parish of Vilich as a farm in 1144 , after 1283 it belonged to the Archbishop of Cologne , from 1459 to Engelthal Abbey and from 1807 to Count Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck , who bought several farms. The economic basis of the individual localities can still be seen in part from the historical buildings. In addition to the old courtyards, which served as crystallization points for the agricultural settlement areas, viticulture and quarrying in particular have left their mark on Oberkassel. This can be seen not only in the shape of the landscape, but also in the layout of the routes for example. B. from the quarries to the Rhine and in the frequent winegrowers' houses with the necessary cellars. Oberkassel was still a wine-growing region until 1964 .

By no later than 1555 was Oberkassel Honschaft and parish in Bergisch Office Löwenburg . Until the dissolution of the Duchy of Berg in 1806, the parish belonged to the district of the Dollendorf court and embassy office, and the Berghoven community also belonged to the parish of Oberkassel. During the siege of Bonn in 1689 , a large part of Oberkassel was also destroyed by French troops. In 1770 Oberkassel became the seat of the counts and later princes of Lippe-Biesterfeld , who resided in what is now the Lippesches Landhaus .

After the Rhineland was taken over by the Kingdom of Prussia (1815), Oberkassel became the seat of the mayor's office of the same name in the Siegburg district (from 1825 "Siegkreis"), to which the administration of the communities Heisterbacherrott , Niederdollendorf , Oberdollendorf and Oberkassel was assigned.

The rural, small-scale settlement structure of the place took on an urban character in the second half of the 19th century, especially along Königswinterer Strasse in the area of ​​the Catholic and Protestant Church. Königswinterer Strasse is the old Oberkasseler Hauptstrasse, which runs parallel to the Rhine and is part of the historic valley stretch on the right bank of the Rhine. It crosses the place from the northern to the southern border. The road connection from Beuel to Königswinter, which is listed as a village road in the original cadastre , was already mapped in 1818. In 1833 it was paved within the town center.

Due to the development of economic and material livelihoods, the population jumped from 240 inhabitants in 1789 to 709 in 1861 to 1,884 inhabitants in 1890. As part of this development, numerous villas of the local factory and quarry owners were built in the south and north of the old town center. Due to the delightful scenic location on the Rhine and at the foot of the Siebengebirge, the place also developed into a popular residence for foreign industrialists.

In 1870 the new construction of the railway line on the right Rhine route reached Oberkassel; A connection to the stretch on the left bank of the Rhine was established via the Bonn – Oberkassel trajectory . In 1898 the mayor's office in Oberkassel received a newly built town hall on what was then the main street. As part of a state job creation scheme, the Oberkassel bank of the Rhine was redesigned around 1930. At that time there was a lido there in the border area between Oberkassel and Oberdollendorf , which was considered the (or one of) the largest in Germany (summer 1929: 64,000 guests) and was destroyed in the Second World War.

The rise of the NSDAP in Oberkassel was rather slow. The party's first public event took place here in June 1929; its own local group was not formed until October 1930. The party's election results remained well below average and reached their preliminary high in July 1932 with 20.4%. At the beginning of the National Socialist era (1933–1945), Mayor Richard Nücker (1877–1964) was removed from office on March 13, 1933, one day after the local elections. In April 1933, Friedrich Pott from Wuppertal took over the management of official business. After Nücker's retirement - he himself applied for health reasons - he was also elected mayor in summer 1933. In April 1933, the businessman Franz Jaspers, a member of the NSDAP since 1932, was appointed as the new head of the Oberkassel community. Most local associations and organizations were brought into line, but the Free Citizens' Association of Oberkassels was dissolved in June 1933 according to the ordinance of the Reich President for the protection of the people and the state , and its seats in the official and local councils were awarded to the NSDAP. Pott was replaced as mayor due to an internal party power struggle in July 1934 by Walter Tersteegen, the previous head of the Rosbach community , to whom Pott changed as head of the community in return. In conflict with the Nazi regime and local politics active publishers and editors got the Oberkasseler newspaper Johannes Dueppen who joined Although the Nazi party, but still advertisements printed Jewish businesses and against the prosecution because of critical remarks about the local conditions and the lack of press freedom a Initiated proceedings. In 1936 Dueppen was excluded from the Reich Press Chamber and the publishing house was sold to the West German Observer , for whom Dueppen later continued reporting on site. During the Second World War, at least 183 foreigners were used as slave labor in the municipality of Oberkassel , including 36 Italians in their own camps at the Hüser company and 30 Russians at the Duwe paper factory. 196 soldiers and 48 civilians from Oberkassel were killed in the war; at the end of the war only four houses were destroyed.

Towards the end of the war, the American occupation forces set up a camp for displaced persons (DPs) on the grounds and in the buildings of today's Ernst-Kalkuhl-Gymnasium in May 1945 , in which 295 liberated forced laborers and refugees from Yugoslavia , 193 from Estonia , 190 Latvia and 57 from Lithuania were accommodated. The British Army took over the management of the camp until October 1945 and the British Red Cross until May 1946 , in April 1947 it was disbanded. From 1949 to 1955, the municipality of Oberkassel also belonged to the Bonn enclave , a special area under the Allied High Commission around the seat of government of the Federal Republic of Germany. The determination of Bonn to the seat of government resulted in a rapid increase in population in Oberkassel, and the federal settlement Am Kriegersgraben was built from 1951 to 1954 . In the course of the municipal reorganization of the Bonn area , the office and the municipality of Oberkassel were dissolved on August 1, 1969. While the municipality of Oberkassel merged into the newly formed city of Bonn, the three other municipalities came to the newly formed city of Königswinter. The Oberkassel district within the boundaries of the former municipality still exists today.

The most famous Oberkasseler of modern times is Gottfried Kinkel , who was born here in 1815. In Bonn-Oberkassel, for example, the Gottfried Kinkel Elementary School named after him and the Gottfried Kinkel Realschule in Bonn-Duisdorf remember him . The street on which the Great Evangelical Church of Oberkassel , built in 1908, is also called Kinkel ; In their youth home in 2011, as part of the 10th Oberkassel Culture Days (which has been held since 1995) , the puppet play "The Dog and the Squirrel", written by Johanna Kinkel , Gottfried's wife, was performed by Karin Lübben after a "Verzellsche für Blahge" .

Population development

year Residents
1816 733
1843 1170
1871 1578
1905 3228
1961 5593

(Source below)

Facilities

In Oberkassel there is a location of the German Aerospace Center (the former German Agency for Space Affairs and the project executing agency in the DLR ) and the headquarters of the Federal Agency for Post and Telecommunications Deutsche Bundespost . In the north of the district on the border with the Ramersdorf district is the site of the Bonner Bogen (former cement factory) with the Hotel Kameha Grand Bonn .

school

The Ernst-Kalkuhl-Gymnasium , a private high school with boarding school founded by Ernst Kalkuhl in 1880, is in the immediate vicinity of these facilities . There is also the Gottfried Kinkel Primary School in Oberkassel. The municipal Carl-Schurz-Schule - a secondary school - which previously existed in Oberkassel was closed in the early 1990s.

Football club

Two streets away from the grammar school is the Oberkassel sports field, where the Oberkassel football club ([[OFV]]) plays. The first men's team plays (2019/2020) in the Mittelrhein Association in the District League, Season 2.

traffic

In the east of Oberkassel, the federal road 42 runs , which has a junction on the border with the Königswinter district of Oberdollendorf . The south-east of Oberkassel is crossed by the B 42 in a 500 meter long tunnel.

The Bonn-Oberkassel train station is on the right bank of the Rhine . Trains of the RB 27 and RE 8 run here every hour.

Oberkassel is connected to the local transport system of the Bonn city railway by the tram line 66 and the tram line 62 with the three stops "Oberkassel Nord", "Oberkassel Mitte" and "Oberkassel Süd / Römlinghoven" . Line 62 ends in the south of Oberkassel, line 66 continues on the Siebengebirgsbahn in a southerly direction and thus establishes a connection to Königswinter and Bad Honnef. In addition, the 541 bus runs through Oberkassel, so there is a bus connection to Oberpleis and Königswinter. At night there is an hourly bus service through the N8 line.

Until 1962 a passenger Rhine ferry operated between Oberkassel and Plittersdorf (near Haus Carstanjen ). There is a jetty on the banks of the Rhine. In 2000, with the support of the Oberkassel clubs, the pier was relocated one kilometer from the train station upstream closer to the town center. The operator is Bonner Personen Schiffahrt (BPS) on the Rhine . This pier was moved 1.5 kilometers down the Rhine in front of the Hotel Kameha at the instigation of the city of Bonn.

Attractions

Evangelical Church from 1908
Old Protestant Church, aerial photo (2015)

Honorary citizen

  • 1929: Johann Gabriel Adrian, quarry owner
  • 1930: Julius Vorster , go. Commerce Council
  • 1939: Stefan Rhein, veteran

Personalities from the place

  • (Johann) Gottfried Kinkel (born August 11, 1815 in Oberkassel, † November 13, 1882 in Zurich), German Protestant theologian, writer, hymn poet and democratically minded politician.
  • Franz Karl Rennen (born February 25, 1818 in Oberkassel, † January 10, 1897 in Cologne) was a Prussian civil servant, district administrator and railway director
  • Ernst zur Lippe-Biesterfeld (born June 9, 1842 in Oberkassel, † September 26, 1904 in Lopshorn Castle), was regent of Lippe from 1897 to 1904
  • Kornelius Kniel (1860–1940), Benedictine monk in Beuron, 1st prior of the Dormition Abbey / Jerusalem.
  • Leopold IV. (Lippe) (born May 30, 1871 in Oberkassel, † December 30, 1949 in Detmold), was the last ruling Prince of Lippe from 1905 to 1918
  • Julius Ernst zur Lippe-Biesterfeld (born September 2, 1873 in Oberkassel, † September 15, 1952 ibid), diplomat
  • Benno Reifenberg (born July 16, 1892 in Oberkassel, † February 9, 1970 in Kronberg) was a journalist, art critic, writer and publicist
  • Mauritius Mittler OSB (born May 25, 1921 in Oberkassel, † July 29, 2013 in Siegburg) was a historian, author and editor
  • Placidus Mittler (OSB) (born November 11, 1928 in Oberkassel, † February 26, 2016 in Siegburg) was abbot of the Benedictine Abbey of Michaelsberg
  • Franz Schmithüsen (born January 3, 1940 in Oberkassel, † April 14, 2015 probably in Zurich) was a forest scientist
  • Frank Mella (born December 6, 1949 in Oberkassel), editor, columnist, recipient of the Federal Cross of Merit and "inventor" of the German DAX share index

Hiking trails

The Rheinsteig from Bonn to Wiesbaden also leads through Oberkassel over the most beautiful parts of the Siebengebirge, as does the Rheinhöhenweg on the right bank of the Rhine .

See also

literature

  • Adolf Hombitzer: From the prehistory and history of Oberkassel and its surroundings , Oberkassel [1959].
  • Helmut Vreden: Jewish butchers and cattle dealers in Oberkassel near Bonn , ed. v. Heimatverein Oberdollendorf and Römlinghoven e. V. 6th, extended edition, Königswinter 2011

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ [Bonn-Oberkassel Statistics]
  2. ↑ Population in Bonn by districts (according to the main statute) on December 31 , 2018 , Federal City of Bonn - Statistics Office, February 2019
  3. ↑ Statistics of the German Reich, Volume 450: Official municipality directory for the German Reich, Part I, Berlin 1939; Page 268
  4. ↑ W. Harleß: The inquiry about the court system in the Duchy of Berg from 1555 . In: Journal of the Bergisches Geschichtsverein . Volume 20, year 1884, Bonn 1885, p. 123.
  5. ^ Wilhelm Fabricius : Explanations of the historical atlas of the Rhine province, 2nd volume: The map of 1789. Bonn 1898, p. 315.
  6. ^ Franz Josef Talbot , Judith Loosen: Monument paths in the Beuel district . Ed .: Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Beuel am Rhein. 2nd Edition. Bonn 2004 (40 pages). - Digitized version ( memento from October 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ^ Willi Hey: Oberkassel in the mirror of old picture postcards , Edition Lempertz, Bonn 2005, ISBN 3-933070-70-8 , pp. 92–95.
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Ansgar Sebastian Klein : Oberkassel in the time of National Socialism . In: Bonner Heimat- und Geschichtsverein, Stadtarchiv Bonn (ed.): Bonner Geschichtsblätter. Yearbook of the Bonner Heimat- und Geschichtsverein , Volume 57/58, Bonn 2008, ISSN  0068-0052 , pp. 319-344.
  9. ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 82 and 84 .
  10. ↑ State Surveying Office North Rhine-Westphalia: Directory of the landmarks ( Memento of the original from April 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (As of 2005; PDF; 243 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sead.de
  11. ↑ See website of the "Open all-day school Gottfried Kinkel in Bonn-Oberkassel", the Gottfried Kinkel primary school , a community primary school of the city of Bonn (Kastellstrasse 31, D-53227 Bonn-Oberkassel).
  12. ↑ See website Gottfried Kinkel Realschule Bonn ( memento of the original from November 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gkrs-bonn.de archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (August-Bier-Strasse 2a, D-53129 Bonn).
  13. ↑ See Oberkasseler Zeitung from August 15, 1997.
  14. ↑ See website “10. Oberkasseler Kulturtage 2011 “ ( Memento of the original from December 22nd, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : The “Marionette and Puppet Theater SEIDENFÄDCHEN” took part in the “10th. Oberkassel Culture Days 2011 ". @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / oberkasseler-kulturtage.de
  15. ^ Municipal statistics of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia , special series of the population census 1961; Booklet 3c / Düsseldorf 1964 and booklet 3d / Düsseldorf 1966.
  16. ^ Willi Hey: Oberkassel in the mirror of old postcards , Edition Lempertz, Bonn 2005, ISBN 3-933070-70-8 , p. 96.
  17. ^ Presbytery of the Evangelical Church Community Oberkassel (ed.): 100 years of the Great Evangelical Church of Oberkassel . Bonn-Oberkassel 2008, DNB  991250923 , p. 128 .
  18. ↑ "I use what I once created myself". In: Die Welt , July 1, 2013, accessed December 8, 2015.

Web links

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