Ludwigsstadt

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Ludwigsstadt
Ludwigsstadt
Map of Germany, location of the city of Ludwigsstadt highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 29 '  N , 11 ° 23'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Franconia
County : Kronach
Height : 446 m above sea level NHN
Area : 58.73 km 2
Residents: 3431 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 58 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 96337
Area code : 09263
License plate : KC, SAN
Community key : 09 4 76 152
LOCODE : DE LUT
City structure: 20 districts

City administration address : 		Lauensteiner Str. 1
96337 Ludwigsstadt
Website : www.ludwigsstadt.de
Mayor : Timo Ehrhardt ( SPD )
Location of the city of Ludwigsstadt in the Kronach district
Langenbacher Forst Birnbaum (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Landkreis Coburg Landkreis Hof Landkreis Kulmbach Landkreis Lichtenfels Thüringen Ludwigsstadt Weißenbrunn Marktrodach Tettau (Oberfranken) Schneckenlohe Mitwitz Küps Nordhalben Wilhelmsthal Tschirn Teuschnitz Steinbach am Wald Reichenbach (Landkreis Kronach) Wallenfels Stockheim (Oberfranken) Steinwiesen Pressig Kronachmap
About this picture
Marketplace
Evangelical Lutheran Michaeliskirche
Profaned Lady Chapel

Ludwigsstadt ( Thuringian-Upper Saxon -regional Ludscht ) is a city in the north of the Upper Franconian district of Kronach in Bavaria , which at the Bavarian Porcelain Route is.

geography

location

The city is the only municipality in Bavaria that is north of the Rennsteig . The area is characterized by the Franconian Forest and the Thuringian Slate Mountains . Ludwigsstadt is located on the Loquitz about four kilometers from the Thuringian border. As the northernmost region of the district of Kronach, the city of Ludwigsstadt is surrounded in three directions by Thuringia, which until 1989/1990 meant that it was located in an extreme location on the inner-German border .

Community structure

The political municipality of Ludwigsstadt has 20 officially named parts of the municipality (the type of settlement is given in brackets ).

The wasteland of Waidmannsheil burned down in 1988 and thus became a desert .

Population numbers

The districts of Ludwigsstadt:

District Residents Area in km²
Ludwigsstadt 2023 23.28
Ebersdorf 741 13.65
Lauenhain 186 6.63
Lauenstein 494 6.77
Steinbach an der Haide 180 6.35

history

Origins

The name of Ludwigsstadt probably goes back to "Ludwig, Vogt von Ludewichsdorf", who had his seat there at the time of the first documented mention of the place on June 24, 1269. Over the centuries the name of the place and its spelling have been changed several times. For example, the names “Ludwigstorff”, “Lutzstadt”, “Luderstatt” and “Ludwigstadt” (with an s) are used. Since 1837 the place name has been written with a double s: Ludwig s city.

As early as 1222, today's district of Lauenstein was first mentioned in a document as "Lewinsteine".

After the turn of the millennium, the area on the upper reaches of the Saale (tributary Loquitz) was colonized by monks from the Benedictine monastery of Saalfeld. Lauenstein Castle was a lordly center of the clearing area at that time. The legend of the Mantelburg tells that Lauenstein Castle was built by King Konrad I in 915 as a bulwark against invading Sorbs and Wends. It is believed that the oldest building structures date back to the 12th century. In the first documentary mention of 1222, Lauenstein is mentioned in connection with "Henricus de Lewinstein", probably "Heinrich von Könitz". Around 1250 Lauenstein came to the Counts of Orlamünde, later to the Counts of Schwarzburg and the Counts of Mansfeld.

14th to 15th century

The importance of the place was taken into account when Count Otto von Orlamünde, Herr zu Lauenstein, granted "Ludwigstorff" market rights on August 15, 1377 and gave the place additional rights. These privileges were renewed on April 18, 1490 by the owners of the Lauenstein lordship, Imperial Hereditary Kitchen Master Philipp von Seldeneck and Jacob Heimburg, and extended them to town charter.

From this point on, the place name was written in the contemporary documents "Ludwigstadt", "Lutzstadt" or "Luderstatt". The document is entitled: "Privilegia Statuta and freedoms such as those granted to them by Philipp von Seldeneck, the hereditary kitchen master of the Holy Roman Empire, and Jacob Heimburg zu Lauenstein, anno 1490" are given to the city of Ludwigsstadt.

On August 15, 1377, Count Otto von Orlamünde , the Lord of Lauenstein Ludwigsstadt, which at that time belonged to the Lauenstein lordship, granted market rights . On April 18, 1490, they were extended as town charter.

16th to 17th centuries

In 1506 Heinrich Thun (later von Thüna) bought the Lauenstein estate. Since the Margrave of Brandenburg refused to consent to this business, the Counts of Mansfeld remained fiefdoms. The Thünas possessed the rule as a so-called "Afterlehen" (Unterlehen).

During the Peasants' War in 1525, however, the place lost these privileges again when the population revolted against their master, Friedrich von Thüna . Only in the years 1659 and 1717 were the market rights partially given back. In the years 1551–1554 Lauenstein Castle was rebuilt or rebuilt. Christoph von Thüna had the most beautiful part, the so-called "Thüna wing" built.

17th to 18th centuries

In 1622, the Knights of Thüna sold Lauenstein Castle with the associated territory to Margrave Christian of Brandenburg-Bayreuth . The castle became the seat of the "Margravial Bayreuthischen Castenamtes Lauenstein".

The office of Lauenstein suffered from the horrors of the 30-year war, especially 1633-1634, through troop raids, arson, looting and the plague. The Saigerhütte Ludwigsstadt, which had existed since the 15th century, had to cease operations as early as 1630 due to the war.

In 1665 a new iron hammer, the later "upper hammer", was founded on the site of the disused Saigerhütte

In the years 1746–1749 the Ludwigsstädter Rathaus was rebuilt on the market square.

The Falkenstein iron hammer works was founded in 1765.

The extremely severe and long winters in the years 1770 to 1772 caused great price increases and famine.

Towards the end of the 18th century there were 110 properties in Ludwigsstadt. The high court exercised the Bavarian office of Lauenstein . The village and township government had the box office Lauenstein held. Landlord were the box office Ludwigstadt (90 Property: 7 Frongüter, 10 half Frongüter, 16 rear calipers , 13 drip houses , 38 houses, 2 half houses, three grinding and cutting mills, 1 granulator, 1 Walkmühle) and Parish Ludwigstadt (20 Property: 8 Gütlein, 1 Hintersattel, 9 houses, 1 forge, 1 bathroom with apartment). In addition to the property, there was also 1 parish church, 1 parsonage, 1 former Marienkapelle, 1 schoolhouse, 1 town hall, 1 shepherd's house, 1 hostel, 1 gatehouse and 1 brewery.

After the abdication of Margrave Alexander von Ansbach-Bayreuth , the area fell to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1792 under the administration of Baron Karl August von Hardenberg . From 1797 to 1808 the place was under the Prussian Justice and Chamber Office Lauenstein .

19th century

At the beginning of the 19th century Ludwigsstadt became Bavarian: on June 30, 1803 the "State and Border Exchange Treaty" was signed between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Electorate of Bavaria , after which the Lauenstein office came to Bavaria. By a royal Prussian patent dated November 1, 1803, all "subjects, vassals, feudal people, clergy and secular officials" were released from their oath of loyalty to their king and transferred to the new feudal lord. The new possessions were taken over by an identical Bavarian patent dated September 26, 1803. The actual "takeover", however, dragged on until mid-March 1804.

With the municipal edict in 1808, the Ludwigsstadt tax district was formed, to which Lauenhain , Leinenmühle , Oberneuhüttendorf , Ottendorf , Thünahof and Ziegelhütte belonged. With the second community edict (1818), the rural community Ludwigsstadt was formed, to which Leinenmühle, Oberneuhüttendorf and Thünahof belonged. In administration and jurisdiction, it was subordinate to the Lauenstein Regional Court ( renamed Ludwigsstadt Regional Court in 1837 ) and the Lauenstein Rent Office for financial administration . In 1815, Ludwigsstadt was transferred to the Rothenkirchen Rent Office ( renamed the Rothenkirchen Tax Office in 1919 ). From 1862 to 1880 and from 1888 to 1931 Ludwigsstadt was administered by the Teuschnitz district office, from 1880 to 1888 and from 1931 by the Kronach district office (renamed the Kronach district in 1939 ). The jurisdiction remained with the district court Ludwigsstadt until 1879, from 1879 district court Ludwigsstadt , which in 1956 became a branch of the district court Kronach . The financial management was taken over in 1929 by the Kronach tax office . The municipality had an area of ​​19.088 km² in 1885, which decreased to 16.615 km² before 1904 and then increased to 20.841 km² before 1952.

In the years 1881 to 1883, the city was hit by three major fires, which caused great damage in the city center and in what is now Lauensteiner Strasse. The last city gate (gatehouse) in the direction of Lauenstein burned down in 1881.

On October 1, 1865, the railway line from Stockheim to Eichicht via the Franconian Forest and Slate Mountains ("Franconian Forest Railway") was opened. With the completion, the continuous south-north connection from Munich to Berlin was established. The Trogenbach Viaduct (built 1883–1885) is a visible sign in the city to this day.

20th century

The first power station was built in 1908 on the site of the former "Untere Hammer" in Oberneuhüttendorf. In the same year Ludwigsstadt, Lauenstein, Ottendorf and Lauenhain were supplied with electrical energy.

When the war began in 1914, a military hospital was set up at Lauenstein Castle.

At the invitation of Max Weber , the so-called "Lauensteiner Meetings" took place at Lauenstein Castle in 1917. Many intellectuals of the time met for talks. Participants were Max Weber u. a. Walter von Molo , Ernst Toller and Theodor Heuss .

In 1924 there was a railway accident in which a freight train fell from the Trogenbach bridge into the village. See: Railway accident in Ludwigsstadt .

In Ludwigsstadt, the first open-air swimming pool in the Kronach district was built as part of emergency work in 1932. The 42nd German Philatelist Day took place at Lauenstein Castle in 1936 .

In November 1943, Lauenstein Castle was confiscated and used by Abwehr agencies until the end of the war. From February to June 1944, Admiral Wilhelm Canaris was in "Ehrenhaft" (house arrest) at Lauenstein Castle.

The town was granted town charter on September 30, 1953 by the Bavarian Minister of the Interior, Wilhelm Hoegner . The celebration of the town elevation took place in the spring of 1954.

In 1963 the "Thüringer Warte" observation tower was opened in Lauenstein.

Louis City / Probstzella was 1945-1990 border station between the Soviet Zone and GDR and the American occupation zone or the Federal Republic of Germany .

Since the town hall built in 1746/49 on the market square had become too small, in 1994 the city administration moved into the former district court building, which was converted into a town hall and renovated.

The Bavarian Red Cross built a modern retirement and nursing home in Ludwigsstadt in 1996.

Incorporations

Ottendorf was incorporated on April 1, 1938. As part of the regional reform in Bavaria , the previously independent municipality of Ebersdorf was incorporated on January 1, 1977 . On January 1, 1978 Lauenhain and Steinbach an der Haide were added. Lauenstein followed on May 1, 1978.

Population development

In the period from 1988 to 2018, the population fell from 3,939 to 3,396 by 543 inhabitants or 13.8%. On December 31, 1993 Ludwigstadt had 4,115 inhabitants.

Ludwigsstadt community

year 1840 1852 1855 1861 1867 1871 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1919 1925 1933 1939 1946 1950 1952 1961 1970 1987 2008 2010 2015 2018
Residents 1221 1342 1390 1461 1563 1558 1516 1561 1690 1644 1676 1727 1785 1794 1633 1636 1717 2008 2572 2729 2788 2860 2712 4043 3651 3494 3430 3314
Houses 213 238 248 270 369 470 1198 1166
source

Place Ludwigsstadt

year 001801 001818 001861 001871 001885 001900 001925 001950 001961 001970 001987 002018
Residents 585 844 * 1264 1368 1467 1465 1509 2148 2407 2276 1930 1898 †
Houses 113 202 207 248 280 381 498
source
†including Am Purbach , Leinenmühle, Oberneuhüttendorf, Ottendorf and Thünahof

politics

City council

The city council has 16 members. The separately elected First Mayor is an additional member. The city ​​council election on March 15, 2020 led to the following result with a voter turnout of 64.1%:

Party / list Share of votes Seats
SPD 44.4% 7th
CSU 44.0% 7th
FW 11.6% 2
total 100% 16 seats

mayor

The first mayor is Timo Ehrhardt (SPD), who was elected for the first time in 2008 and was confirmed in office in the 2014 local elections. The mayor and city council are elected for 6 years. In the 2020 local elections, he was confirmed in office with 94.5% of the valid votes.

household

Starting in the 2010s, a total of 42 million euros were invested in projects and infrastructure measures in Ludwigsstadt. The city's own contribution was twelve million euros. Despite all the investments, the debt was reduced to around six million euros at the end of 2019.

badges and flags

Ludwigsstadt has had a coat of arms since the 14th century .

coat of arms
Coat of arms of Ludwigsstadt
 Blazon : “ Archangel Michael standing in silver on green groundin a long, red robe with golden wings; In his right hand he holds a silver staff with a golden cross, in his left hand a golden balance , in the lowered bowl of whichsitsa naked person, in the raised one a devil sits. "
Justification for the coat of arms: The Typar , which was found in the town hall in 1953 , probably also dates from the time the city was first granted . St. Michael, the patron saint of the Ludwigsstädter Church, is depicted on the seal with the attributes of a cross staff and scales. Impressions have been passed down since 1559, showing St. Michael without wings and staff, but with a sword. The seal shapes vary between pointed oval and round shape. The attributes of the saint depicted change in the seals. In a small market signet, St. Michael is only shown half-height. The colors are based on an illustration from 1819.
flag

The municipality flag is red and white.

Culture and sights

Museums

Slate Museum

Ludwigsstadt has two museums:

  • Slate Museum (German Slate Museum) with a comprehensive presentation of slate production from simple house trades to industrial production as a focus.
  • Lauenstein Castle , a medieval hilltop castle with a museum, in which specialist collections of locks and keys, lighting fixtures and furniture from the 15th to 19th centuries as well as weapons and armor are shown.

Architectural monuments

Historic buildings with slate facades give Ludwigsstadt a typical and unique impression. The following are special structures:

  • Villa Falkenstein (formerly border hotel, restaurant and brewery)
  • Lauenstein Castle in the Lauenstein district
  • Churches in Ludwigsstadt: ev.-luth. Parish Church of St. Michael and Kath. Heilig-Geist-Kirche
  • Church in Ebersdorf: ev.-luth. Parish Church of Maria Magdalena
  • Church in Lauenstein: ev.-luth. Parish Church of St. Nikolaus and Evangelical Lutheran. Filial church of St. Francis
  • Church in Steinbach an der Haide: ev-luth. Parish church of St. Elisabeth and profaned Marienkapelle
  • Thüringer Warte: The observation tower "Thüringer Warte" stands high above Lauenstein on the summit of the 678 m high Ratzenberg. The 26.5 m high tower (built in 1963) is barely 200 m away from the Thuringian-Bavarian border. It was also called the "shop window to Thuringia".
  • Railway bridge: Trogenbach Viaduct (built 1883–1885)

Tourism, nature and sport

Embedded in the Franconian Forest and Thuringian Slate Mountains , nature and tourism play a major role in Ludwigsstadt and the surrounding area. For children there is the fairy tale trail in Lauenstein. Designated hiking, Nordic walking and mountain bike routes lead casual athletes as well as ambitious leisure activists in a varied way through deep valleys and over panoramic heights. In between, you can take a break at the idyllic Ölschnitzsee or of course in one of the traditional inns. In winter, the region becomes a winter sports center with its varied network of trails and the longest ski lifts in the Franconian Forest.

The Ölschnitzsee is used as a natural swimming pool. There is an outdoor pool in Ludwigsstadt: the pool, which is equipped with a 50-meter pool, two non-swimmer pools and a paddling pool, water slide and diving platform, is heated by solar heating. The water is heated up to a maximum of 25 degrees. An indoor swimming pool with a 16-meter pool is located in the "Am Grünen Band" primary school in Ludwigsstadt.

Ludwigsstadt offers a wide range of accommodation options, from farms and private accommodation to pensions and inns and hotels.

dialect

The Rennsteig represents the linguistic border between the East Central German dialects of the Thuringian-Upper Saxon group and the East Franconian dialects belonging to Upper German . In Ludwigsstadt a dialect is spoken that is locally called "Ludschterisch" and belongs to East Central German. This makes the Ludwigsstadters' tongue different from the Franconian-speaking area.

Oertels broken roof slate

In the former Oertelsbruch in Trogenbachtal Ludwig city in the 18th and 19th centuries were shales of the Lower Carboniferous of the so-called Blue camp rock mined. They were used to make slates as well as for roofing and wall cladding. Even today, the slate-roofed houses shape the appearance of many places in the Franconian Forest .

The roof and slate quarry was opened in 1779. Large spoil heaps above Kehlbacher Strasse, especially in the Edelhof area, show that only a small part of the rock extracted was actually usable. The slate quarry soon became unprofitable. It was not until 1826 to 1855 that the Thuringian Ernst Oertel succeeded in dismantling the roofing slate.

The broken roof slate has been designated by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment as geotope 476A030 and has been awarded the official seal of approval for Bavaria's most beautiful geotopes . See also the list of geotopes in the district of Kronach .

Regular events

  • The castle festival takes place every two years on the fourth weekend in June.
  • The parish fair in the Ebersdorf district takes place every Sunday between 6 and 12 August.
  • Schützenfest annually on the penultimate weekend in July
  • Parish fair in Ludwigsstadt on Michaelmas Day (29 September) if it's a Sunday, otherwise on the Sunday before.
  • The shooting festival in the Ebersdorf district takes place annually on the third Sunday in June.
  • Mountain festival of the Franconian Forest Association always on the first Sunday in September

economy

Ludwigsstadt is the location of craft and medium-sized industrial companies, e.g. B. in toolmaking. In addition, wood processing, forestry, agriculture and tourism play a bigger role. A nationally known praline manufacturer is the "Confiserie Burg Lauenstein", which offers a factory outlet.

traffic

Trogenbach Bridge of the Frankenwald Railway over Ludwigsstadt

Ludwigsstadt is on the federal highway 85 and the Frankenwaldbahn . Ludwigsstadt was a border station until German reunification. The 7.6 kilometer long Ludwigsstadt – Lehesten (“slate railway ”) line, which was opened on December 1, 1885, branched off there . It was interrupted with the division of Germany and closed in 1971.

The B 85 leads past Lauenstein to Propstzella (5.5 km north) or to Steinbach am Wald (6.5 km south). The district road KC 26 leads to Steinbach an der Haide (3.2 km northwest). Municipal roads lead to Ottendorf (km Lich) and crossing the state road 2209 to Kehlbach to the district road KC 19 (7 km southwest).

education

The primary school "Am Grünen Band" currently has 5 primary school classes.

sons and daughters of the town

  • Friedrich Christian Georg Kapp (born March 24, 1792 in Ludwigsstadt; † February 8, 1866 in Hamm), German educator
  • Ernst Kapp (born October 15, 1808 in Ludwigsstadt, † January 30, 1896 in Düsseldorf), German educator, geographer and philosopher
  • Paul Mulzer (born May 8, 1880 in Ludwigsstadt; † February 5, 1947), German dermatologist
  • Hermann Wilhelm (born September 4, 1897 in Lauenstein; † February 24, 1970), painter and university professor
  • Fritz Fischer (born March 5, 1908 in Ludwigsstadt, † December 1, 1999 in Hamburg), German historian

literature

Web links

Commons : Ludwigsstadt  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Lauenstein in the Topographia Franconiae (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts
Wikivoyage: Ludwigsstadt  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Ludwigsstadt in the Bavaria Atlas
  3. ^ Community Ludwigsstadt in the local database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on August 23, 2020. There 21 parts of the municipality, as Waidmannsheil is still listed as part of the municipality.
  4. ↑ Population figures
  5. ↑ a b c d e f City of Ludwigsstadt: Chronicle of the city of Ludwigstadt. In: https://www.ludwigsstadt.de/ . City of Ludwigsstadt, accessed on November 28, 2019 .
  6. ^ City of Ludwigsstadt: The Mantelburg in Lauenstein. In: https://www.ludwigsstadt.de/ . City of Ludwigsstadt, accessed on November 28, 2019 .
  7. ↑ H. Demattio, p. 490. By including the stately, ecclesiastical and communal buildings, 117 properties are given as the total number.
  8. ↑ a b H. Demattio, pp. 590f.
  9. ↑ a b c K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1011 ( digitized version ).
  10. ↑ a b c K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1125 ( digitized version ).
  11. ↑ a b c Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Official local directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB  453660975 , Section II, Sp. 939 ( digitized version ).
  12. ^ Ludwigsstadt in the Franconian Forest. Retrieved February 6, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Historical dates in chronological order. City of Ludwigsstadt, accessed on March 8, 2011 .
  14. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 501 .
  15. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 690 .
  16. ↑ a b Only inhabited houses are given. From 1871 to 2015 these are referred to as residential buildings .
  17. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria in the period from 1840 to 1952 (=  contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB  451478568 , p. 157 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized version ).
  18. ↑ a b Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 952 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized version ).
  19. ↑ a b Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1125 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized version ).
  20. ^ A b c d e Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria in the period from 1840 to 1952 (=  contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB  451478568 , p. 148 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized version ).
  21. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1162 ( digitized version ).
  22. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 691 ( digitized version ).
  23. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Official local directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB  740801384 , p. 159 ( digitized version ).
  24. ↑ a b Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 310 ( digitized version ).
  25. ↑ a b c LfStat : Ludwigsstadt: Official statistics. (PDF) In: statistik.bayern.de. Pages 6 and 12 , accessed on August 23, 2020 .
  26. ↑ a b Numbers and data on the website ludwigsstadt.de
  27. ↑ JK Bundschuh, Vol. 3, Col. 402.
  28. ↑ AH Hoenig (Hrsg.): Topographical-alphabetical handbook about the cities, markets, villages, hamlets, mills and wastelands in the Upper Main District . Bayreuth 1820, p. 73 ( digitized version ).
  29. ↑ https://okvote.osrz-akdb.de/OK.VOTE_OF/Wahl-2020-03-15/09476152/html5/Gemeinderatswahl_Bayern_130_Gemeinde_Stadt_Ludwigsstadt.html City of Ludwigsstadt: Election of the City Council 2020
  30. ↑ Veronika Schadeck: Timo Ehrhardt wants to become mayor of Ludwigsstadt for the third time. In: https://www.infranken.de/ . November 21, 2019, accessed November 28, 2019 .
  31. ^ Entry on the coat of arms of Ludwigsstadt  in the database of the House of Bavarian History
  32. ↑ Ludwigsstadt. In: Kommunalflaggen.eu. Retrieved August 23, 2020 .
  33. ↑ Geotope: Örtel's slate quarry (accessed on October 13, 2013; PDF; 182 kB)
  34. ↑ Broken badger jaw