Smolotely
| Smolotely | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Středočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | Příbram | ||||
| Area : | 1093.3916 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 37 ' N , 14 ° 8' E | ||||
| Height: | 439 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 242 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 262 63 | ||||
| License plate : | S. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Pečice - Dolní Hbity | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Pavel Patera (as of 2015) | ||||
| Address: | Smolotely 21 262 63 Kamýk nad Vltavou |
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| Municipality number: | 541311 | ||||
| Website : | www.obec-smolotely.cz | ||||
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Smolotely (German Smolotel ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located twelve kilometers southeast of the city center of Příbram and belongs to the Okres Příbram .
geography
Smolotely is located in the Dobříšská pahorkatina ( Dobrian hill country ) and is traversed by the stream Viničný potok. In the north the Líšnický potok forms a deeply cut valley. The Dubenecká (531 m nm) rises to the north, the Chlumek (486 m nm) and the Calta (480 m nm) in the northeast, the Hradiště (519 m nm), the Prostřední vrch (478 m nm) and the Tisová ( 499 m nm), in the southeast the Maková hora (545 m nm), south the Vinice (533 m nm) and the Jílek (527 m nm) as well as in the southwest the Cizí (530 m nm) and the Borky (522 m nm) . The Orlík Dam dam is located four kilometers to the southeast in the Vltava Valley .
Neighboring towns are Draha and Horní Hbity in the north, Panský Mlýn, Pila, Žlíbky, Horní Líšnice and Smolotelky in the north-east, Dolní Líšnice and Kolčava in the east, Zalaby in the south-east, Hvozdec and Bohostice in the south, Cetyně and Pečice, Hamičky in the south-west, Pečičky Na Kopce and Drsník in the west and Radětice and Dalskabáty in the north-west.
history
The area was probably discovered during the Late Bronze Age between 1000 and 800 BC. First settled, on the Hradiště there was a fortress. It is believed that there was a pitch market in the hallways of the village in the 9th century , from which the place name is derived.
Smolotely was first mentioned in a document in 1336 in a majesty letter from King John of Luxembourg . After the founding of the royal Karlstein Castle , the Smolotely estate was placed under their feudal sovereignty. The Smolotely fortress was built after 1456; It was first mentioned in 1515 when Johann Schütz von Drahenitz acquired the estate. Subsequently, its owners changed frequently. In 1605 the brothers Christoph and Heinrich Chanowsky von Langendorf bought the fiefdom Smolotely with the festival, the brewery with hop garden and the village; they had the Gothic fortress transformed into a castle. During the Thirty Years War the Swedes set up an army camp north of the Maková hora. In 1693 Adam Maximilian Chanowsky von Langendorf became the owner of Smolotely. Until 1714 the village belonged to the Podbrder district, after which it became part of the Berauner district . Between 1719 and 1722 Johann Felix Chanowsky von Langendorf had the pilgrimage church of John the Baptist and the Lady of Mount Carmel, including a Carmelite monastery, built on Maková hora . The school was opened in 1722. At the beginning of the 18th century the baroque reconstruction of the palace began, which was first mentioned on April 28, 1732 when the property was sold for 48,000 Rhenish guilders to Joseph Ladislaw Morell von Lettin auf Ertischowitz. The following owner was from 1733 the Prague cathedral provost Zdenko Georg Chřepicky von Modlischowitz, after his death the inheritance fell to his sister Antonia Ignatia Santini-Aichel, the widow of Johann Blasius Santini-Aichl . She was followed by her daughter Johanna Antonia, widowed Freiin Wančura, and before 1787 she signed the fiefdom to her second husband Adam Skronsky von Budčow. The castle burned down on April 4, 1774. Johanna Antonia Skronsky founded an institute for the poor in 1785, which was later enlarged by the capital of a dissolved brotherhood . In 1808 Georg Skronsky von Budčow sold the estate to Anton Freiherr von Hochberg , who in the following year sold it to the kk chamberlain Johann Henniger von Eberg. He ceded the estate to his son of the same name in 1836. In 1843 the Ertischowitz estate was merged with Smolotel.
In 1846 the fiefdom Smolotel including the incorporated Freihof Bohostitz comprised a usable area of 2024 yoke 1506 square fathoms , almost half of which were forests. 969 Czech-speaking people lived on the domain, including 20 Jewish families. The main source of income was agriculture. The authorities managed two farms in Smolotel and Bohostitz, the former also had a sheep farm. Another farm in Unter-Hbit was leased in lots. The fiefdom included the village of Smolotel, 23 houses including the robot-free farm in Bohostitz, 22 houses from Unter-Hbit, 16 houses from Solenitz , 14 houses from Westetz ( Vestec ) and two houses each from Drsnik ( Drsník ) and Luh ( Luhy ). The Ertischowitz ( Rtišovice ) estate was politically, economically and judicially united with the Smolotel feudal estate .
The village Smolotel consisted of the settlements Groß-Smolotel ( Smolotely ) and Klein-Smolotel ( Smolotelky ) with a total of 85 houses and 570 inhabitants, including four Jewish families. One house was subordinate to the kk Tafelgut Milin . In Groß-Smolotel there was an official castle with a chapel dedicated to St. Trinity, a school, an aristocratic brewery, an aristocratic brandy house with potash boiling, an aristocratic yard with a sheep farm, an inn and a mill with a board saw. The branch church of John the Baptist with the chaplain’s apartment and an official hunter’s house were located on the Makowa. In addition to Smolotel there were three single-layer mills and a smithy, the single-layer Draha, consisting of twelve Dominical houses, and the single-layer Dlaskoba ( Dalskabáty ) consisting of ten Dominical houses . Vicarage was Unter-Hbit. In 1857 a cemetery was established at the western foot of the Maková hora. Until the middle of the 19th century, Smolotel formed the administrative village for the rural goods Smolotel and Ertischowitz.
After the abolition of patrimonial formed Smolotely / Smolotel 1850 with the districts Bohostice and Cetyně and the settlements Dalskabáty, Draha and Smolotelky a municipality in the judicial district Příbram. From 1868 the municipality belonged to the Příbram District . From 1872 the Erggelet family owned the castle with the brewery, four mills and the associated large estate. Bohostice and Cetyně broke away from Smolotely at the end of the 19th century and formed the municipality of Cetyně. In 1915 the brewery ceased operations. The property was sold to the lawyer Eduard Schwarz in the same year. With financial support from Schwarz, the road between Smolotely and Brodce was built in 1926. After Hitler came to power in the German Reich, several residents of Smolotely took part in the construction of bunkers in the Vltava Valley between 1936 and 1938. In 1939 Eduard Schwarz transferred the estate to his son Karl. The latter transferred the estate to the König family in 1942, and mining ceased at the same time. In the same year, both Karl König and the Schwarz family were deported as Jews to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp and gassed there. After the Second World War, the daughter of Eduard Schwarz, Erna Schwarz, who had successfully emigrated to America, became the heiress of the estate; it was expropriated in 1948 after the communists came to power . In 1946 Smolotely was electrified. The following year the Smolotely - Příbram bus line was added. The distillery ceased operations in 1957. In 1976 the school was closed. Since 2006 the Smolotely municipality has had a coat of arms and a banner.
Community structure
No districts are shown for the municipality of Smolotely. Basic settlement units are Dalskabáty ( Dalskabat , formerly Dlaskoba ), Draha, Smolotelky ( Klein Smolotel ) and Smolotely ( Smolotel ). To Smolotely also includes the monolayer Hamr, Parník, Panský Mlýn and Pila.
Attractions
- Baroque castle Smolotely, it was built between 1706 and 1732, parts of the walls of the original Gothic fortress have been preserved. The castle was nationalized in 1948 and then used as a kindergarten, cultural center, cinema, theater and ballroom. In 1991 the castle chapel was consecrated again. The castle was restituted to the Kohn family in 1999. The three-winged building with the castle chapel of St. Trinity today is unused and left to decay.
- Baroque pilgrimage church of St. John the Baptist and the Lady of Mount Carmel on Maková hora, it was built between 1719 and 1722 according to plans by Carlo Antonio Canevalle. In 1723 it was consecrated by the auxiliary bishop of Prague, Johann Rudolf von Sporck. A Carmelite monastery was built next to the church , which donated the statue of the Virgin Mary in the scapular to the church. After the death of the client, Johann Felix Chanowsky von Langendorf, the planned cloisters were not built due to lack of money. The monastery burned down and the church fell into disrepair. In 1836 the Fraternity of St. Scapular from Mount Carmel and the Mother of God. Between 1853 and 1856 the brotherhood was renewed on the initiative of pastor Jan Šrámek. In 1913 the painter Josef Bosáček, a brother of the pastor Vincenc Bosáček, painted the ceiling of the four evangelists in the choir. The sanctuary of the pilgrimage church deteriorated in the 1930s, and after the Communists came to power, vandalism and theft increased. From 1990 the church was renovated; A Franciscan hermit has lived on Maková hora since 1996 and looks after the church and its visitors.
- Former brewery, it was first mentioned in 1605, including the associated hop garden. In 1870 150,000 hectoliters of beer were brewed. After the copper brewing kettles were confiscated, the Smolotel Castle Brewery ceased operations in 1916. The brewery building is now used as the Smolotel Pension .
- Former school, the building is now used as a post office and municipal office.
- The Smolotely educational trail was established in 2009.
- Statue of St. Johannes von Nepomuk on the village square of Smolotely, created in Prague in 1834 based on the Rauchmiller model from 1681. The base bears the coat of arms of Henniger von Seeberg. The restoration took place in 2012.
- Esse of the former steam mill in Parník, the building made of custom-made bricks was built in a special construction method, in which the body of the food was not placed directly on the brick base, but on decorative brick rings. Nationwide, this type of construction can only be found at the brewery fair in Milín . The forge has been free-standing since the mill was demolished.
Sons and daughters of the church
- František Bučil (1894–1955), Catholic clergyman and victim of communist tyranny
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/541311/Smolotely
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- Jump up ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer The Kingdom of Bohemia, Vol. 16 Berauner Kreis, 1849, pp. 191–194
- ↑ http://www.obec-smolotely.cz/index.php?menu=znak-prapor
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/541311/Obec-Smolotely
- ↑ http://www.obec-smolotely.cz/index.php?menu=turistika-obec