Kamýk nad Vltavou
| Kamýk nad Vltavou | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Středočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | Příbram | ||||
| Area : | 1184 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 38 ' N , 14 ° 15' E | ||||
| Height: | 274 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 931 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 262 63 | ||||
| License plate : | S. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Příbram - Krásná Hora nad Vltavou | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 2 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Petr Halada (as of 2013) | ||||
| Address: | Kamýk nad Vltavou 69 262 63 Kamýk nad Vltavou |
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| Municipality number: | 540439 | ||||
| Website : | www.obeckamyk.cz | ||||
Kamýk nad Vltavou (German Kamaik , older also Camich , Gamnich , Kamnich ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located 13 kilometers west of Sedlčany and belongs to the Okres Příbram .
geography
Kamýk nad Vltavou lies on both sides of the Vltava River in the Central Bohemian hill country. The Zduchovický potok and Hejkal brooks flow into the Vltava in Kamýk. At the southern exit of the village is the dam of the Kamýk hydroelectric power station , to the west above the village lies the Vrškamýk castle ruins . The Čeláková (391 m) rises to the north, the Šiberný (354 m) to the northeast, the Malý Hejk (394 m) and the V Houštích (387 m) to the east, the Radobylka (388 m) and the Bába (442 m) to the south ) and to the northwest the Humna (417 m) and the Perdlák (422 m). The state road II / 102 runs through Kamýk nad Vltavou between Milevsko and Nový Knín , from which the II / 118 branches off to Příbram .
Neighboring towns are Vápenice , Blatnice, Velká, Roviště and Hojšín in the north, Hrachov and Dražkov in the Northeast, Skrýšov, Svatý Jan , Šourkův Mlyn, Chadimův Mlyn, Boží Muka, Radobyl and Brzina the east, Bražná, Řadovy and Žákovec the southeast, Krasna Hora nad Vltavou , Zhoř and Švastalova Lhota in the south, Na Rybárně, Žebrákov, Solenice and Větrov in the southwest, Zduchovice and Kaliště in the west and Chvojná, Luhy, Horní Třtí, Jalovčí and Dolní Třtí in the north-west.
history
On the ridge between the Vltava and Zduchovický potok valleys there was probably a Přemyslid guard and hunting castle since the end of the 10th century . At the foot of the Kamyky castle hill, a settlement developed around the royal court on the left bank of the Vltava. The first written evidence of the castle came on June 16, 1186 when Duke Friedrich auf Vrškamýk made a dedication document for the Zwettl Abbey . A water toll has been levied at Kamýk since 1227. King Wenceslas I raised the castle in the first half of the 13th century to the administrative and court seat for the left-Moldovan part of the Bozeň region, the area of which extended from southern Bohemia to the Brdy Forest . Wenceslaus I lived in the castle himself for a time, otherwise it was the seat of royal officials and hunters.
The first mention of the settlements Starý Kamýk Kamýk and Nový took place in 1285, when King Wenceslas II. The Monastery Mulhouse ceded the church patronage in the royal dominions Kamýk and Krasna Hora. It is assumed that both Starý Kamýk or Horní Kamýk and Nový Kamýk or Dolní Kamýk had market rights. Both settlements had their own churches; the one in Starý Kamýk was dedicated to St. Peter and those in Nový Kamýk St. Consecrated to Nicholas. Nový Kamýk was not built near the castle, but on the river to control the ford and crossing, and is today's Kamýk. The Church of St. Nicholas is considered a predecessor to the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin. Starý Kamýk became extinct in the first half of the 14th century, and its location has not yet been precisely localized.
After 1320, King John pledged the Kamýk Castle, including the hunting administration and some surrounding villages, to Hermann von Miličín . He died a little later and the pledge was passed on to Peter von Rosenberg . In 1335 the crown redeemed the pledge. In 1336 (Nový) Kamýk was designated as a royal town . In 1341 Peter von Rosenberg received Kamýk again as a pledge. Charles IV brought the estate back to the Bohemian crown in 1350. In 1356 he had a stone church built instead of the wooden one and a pastor occupied it. The Kamýk weirs were excluded from the opening of most of the weirs on the Vltava, ordered by Charles IV in 1366 to facilitate navigation on the Vltava. After the construction of the new Karlštejn royal castle , Kamýk lost its importance in 1357. The royal fiefdoms were transferred to Karlštejn and the royal hunting department moved to the Vargač castle near Dobříš . The Kamýk weirs were excluded from the opening of most of the weirs on the Vltava, ordered by Charles IV in 1366 to facilitate navigation on the Vltava. Until the end of the 14th century the castle was the seat of a royal office, after which the estate was entrusted to Karlštejn vassals, who exercised the lower jurisdiction and administered the remaining royal property in the area.
In the 15th century, King Sigismund pledged the estate to the Popel von Lobkowicz family on Hoch-Chlumetz , and this was also retained under his successors. King Vladislav Jagiello merged the Kamýk estate with the Frauenberg rule and pledged it in 1490 to Wilhelm von Pernstein , who left it to his youngest son Vojtěch in 1514 . After his death in 1534 his brother Johann inherited the property, he left it to his cousin Andreas Ungnad von Sonegg . In the second half of the 16th century there was a manorial brewery, a Kretscham and a mill in Kamýk. The disgrace of Sonegg ruined the Frauenberg dominion. King Ferdinand I bought back the heavily indebted rule in 1561 and inherited it the following year to Joachim von Neuhaus . His son Adam sold the Kamýk estate to Jan Vojkovský from Milhostice in the same year. From this 1580 Oldřich Myška from Žlunice ( Udalrich Misska ) acquired the estate. He had the Kamýk court redesigned in the Renaissance style and established a noble estate as his seat. The parish church of St. Nicholas had always remained Catholic even through the Hussite times, as the landlords were Catholics. Myška was a Protestant and had a Protestant church built on the Lesser Town on the right bank. Under the Myška of Žlunice the town became entirely Protestant, and the pastor of St. Nicholas also switched to Protestants. In 1617 Oldřich d. J. Myška from Žlunice set up a school in Kamýk. After the Battle of White Mountain , the Oldřich d. J. Myška and his wife Johanka, a daughter of Jakob Krčín from Jelčany , confiscated the Kamýk estate with the Kamýk market and the villages of Zhoř, Proudkovice, Švastalova Lhota, Koubalova Lhota and Přívozec and sold it to Polyxena von Lobkowicz for 28,000 guilders in 1623 . She had the Catholic parish rebuilt and the Protestant church razed. In 1624, 24 Protestant families went into exile. In 1640, Polyxena's son, Wenzel Eusebius von Lobkowicz , united the Kamýk estate with the Hoch-Chlumetz rule and raised it to a family entailment. In 1650 a large fire destroyed half of the town. There is evidence of a Jewish community in Kamýk since 1674. The church, the school, the brewery, the hospital and the court were also affected by the major fire of 1774. As Kamaik recovered very slowly from the consequences of the fire, Emperor Josef II granted the town the privilege of holding three annual markets in 1797 at the request of Joseph Franz Maximilian von Lobkowicz. At the end of the 18th century, an independent Jewish community emerged in Kamaik , which was linked to the Seltschaner Jewish community. In the 19th century, several granite quarries were built in the rocks around Kamaik , which, among other things, supplied ashlars for the construction of the Prague Chain Bridge, the Franzenskai and the state railway bridge at Bubna.
The market town of Kamaik , also known as Kameyk , Kamniek and Kameyk nad Wltawau , in the Berauner district , consisted of 66 houses with 527 inhabitants in 1845. Of these, nine houses belonged to the Zduchowitz estate and one house to the Kamaik feudal farm . The branch church of the Birth of the Virgin Mary and the school were under the patronage of the manor. In Kamaik there was also a farm with a sheep farm, a hunter's house, a mill with a board saw, three inns, an overpass as well as 13 authorized businesses and two shopkeepers. On the right bank of the Lesser Town there was a free brewery. The main source of income was agriculture, shipping, handicrafts and stone crushing. The place was described as "old, how unsightly, a village-like place". Kamaik was the parish for Zduchowitz, Welka ( Velká ), Zebrakow ( Žebrákov ), Bukowetz ( Bukovec ) and Trztj ( Třtí ). Until the middle of the 19th century Kamaik remained subject to the Fideikommissherrschaft Hoch-Chlumetz with the allodial goods Skregssow, Hoysin and Přičow .
After the abolition of patrimonial formed Kamýk / Kamaik from 1850, a town in the district Votice and judicial district Sedlčany . From 1868 Kamýk belonged to the Selčan District . In 1874 a post office was established. In 1887, Kamýk and the Lesser Town to the right of the river were connected by a bridge. It was the first road bridge over the Vltava valley in the Middle Povltaví region and replaced the old ferry, creating a direct road connection between Příbram and Sedlčany. The bridge was torn away by the floods of spring 1888 and rebuilt in 1889. The Jewish community was attached to the market community in 1893. In the course of the land reform of 1922, most of the property of the Lobkowicz princes in Kamýk nad Vltavou was acquired by the municipality. In the 1920s and 1930s, a residential area was built on these corridors south of the church. Since 1924 the place bears the official name Kamýk nad Vltavou . In 1932 the town had 463 inhabitants, in Kamýk nad Vltavou there was a Catholic church, a synagogue, a post office, telephone exchange, telegraph office and a gendarmerie station. During the Sudeten crisis , a line of fortification of the Czechoslovak Wall with ear stands ( Řopík ) arose on the Lesser Town . The Jewish community was almost completely destroyed during the German occupation .
In 1948 Kamýk nad Vltavou sank down to the village. After the Okres Sedlčany was abolished, Kamýk nad Vltavou was assigned to the Okres Příbram in 1960. Between 1957 and 1961 the Kamýk reservoir with hydroelectric power station was built as part of the Vltava cascade . In the second half of the 20th century, a new residential area, a holiday home area and a new school were built in Kamýk. The place also became a garrison site. On January 1, 1980 Velká (with Blatnice, Na Břehách, Roviště and Tahavá) and Zduchovice (with Žebrákov) were incorporated. Zduchovice and Žebrákov broke away from Kamýk nad Vltavou on July 1, 1990 and formed their own municipality. When the Vltava floods in August 2002 , Kamýk nad Vltavou was partially flooded, and the damage to the building that resulted from this process took until 2005.
Community structure
The municipality of Kamýk nad Vltavou consists of the districts Kamýk nad Vltavou ( Kamaik ) and Velká ( Welka ), the settlements Blatnice, Na Břehách, Roviště and Tahavá as well as the layers Boží Muka, Radobyl, Šourkův Mlýn.
Town twinning
- Gołańcz , Poland, since 2008
Attractions
- Castle ruins Vrškamýk (also Kamýk or Hunec ), the medieval Přemyslid castle was last used by the burgraves of Karlštejn as a hunting castle. It has been desolate since 1569.
- Church of the Birth of the Virgin Mary, the 14th century Gothic building was originally dedicated to St. Consecrated to Nicholas. After the city fire of 1774, it was restored in 1775 and redesigned and enlarged in the baroque style between 1784 and 1787.
- Post office, the late baroque building was built in the second half of the 18th century
- Moldau bridge Kamýcký most , built in 1887 and 1889. In the years 1957 and 1999 restoration work.
- Jewish cemetery, southeast of the Lesser Town on a wooded knoll above the Radobyl farm, it was built in the 17th century
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Antonin Profous : Místní jména v Čechách: Vznik jejich, Původ, význam a změny. Vol. I-IV
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer The Kingdom of Bohemia, vol. 16 Berauner Kreis, 1849, p. 172