Uhlan regiment "Grand Duke Friedrich von Baden" (Rhenish) No. 7
The Uhlan regiment “Grand Duke Friedrich von Baden” (Rheinisches) No. 7 was a Prussian cavalry associated with garrisons in Bonn , Saarlouis and Saarbrücken .
The roots of the regiment can be traced back to two squadrons of the Saxon Prinz-Clemens-Ulanen-Regiment until 1734 . For this reason Kaiser Wilhelm II had the founding date of the regiment backdated to April 14, 1734 through AKO, so that on April 14, 1909 the regiment's 175th anniversary could be celebrated.
history
The regiment was founded by AKO on March 7, 1815. On May 10, 1816, the standard was ceremoniously handed over to the regiment. The standard was already nailed on the evening of May 8th. The brigade commander, Colonel von Borstell, hammered three nails , each squadron chief two and each lieutenant one nail. Following the solemn blessing, the standard was handed over to the standard bearer of the 3rd Squadron. The following year the regiment paraded for the first time to King Friedrich Wilhelm III. over in Douzy . The achievements of the association in the subsequent maneuver earned him the recognition of the king.
In 1818 the regiment was assigned to the 8th Army Corps and began the march into the Rhine Province on November 2nd . Until 1819 the regiment was temporarily quartered in the Siegburg area . This made war training and the orderly accommodation of the horses very difficult. At the end of the year the regiment moved again to the area around Euskirchen , Zülpich and Bergheim . On September 28, 1820, the Uhlans moved into Bonn as a new garrison. It took over the electoral stables, the associated riding facility and the Welschnonnen barracks as quarters. The following year, the regiment received the highest recognition on the occasion of the great royal revue.
1825
The black leather stuff is replaced by white.
1830
The July Revolution in France prompted Prussia to move troops to the border. On the night of September 1, the regiment received an order to leave immediately. It moved to the Aachen area and took over the protection of the border there together with the 4th Rifle Division, the 28th Infantry Regiment and four artillery under the command of General von Pfuel. The 3rd squadron was sent to Eupen. After the IV. Army Corps had also moved into the area around Aachen, the 7th Uhlan Regiment and the 28th Infantry Regiment were to be relocated to Trier. However, at an urgent request from the city and the University of Bonn, this was not done and the regiment was allowed to return to its old garrison. The increased war budget of 702 horses was retained.
1834
Because of the unrest at the borders, it was arranged that the 7th Uhlan Regiment and the 4th Dragoons Regiment each assigned a squadron to the federal fortress of Mainz . This command lasted until 1847.
1839
Because of the unrest in Belgium, the VII and VIII Army Corps mobilized. The regiment sent a detachment of 70 horses to Aachen under the command of Prime Lieutenant von Schmidhals.
1848
At the beginning of March the war strength was increased to 602 men and horses. Then the regiment was transferred to the Nahe to do border service. The regiment performed this service in the Nahe valley and in the Hunsrück for almost five months. The main quarters during this time were Kreuznach and Sobernheim . The mere presence of the Uhlan regiment often ensured peace and order and the containment of the revolutionary mood in the population. The regiment did not have to use force of arms.
1849
The regiment mobilized in May because of the unrest in southern Germany and moved, initially with two squadrons, to the area around Castellaun. The staff and the other two squadrons followed. As part of the reserve cavalry of the 1st Army Corps on the Rhine, the regiment crossed the Hessian border on June 13, 1849. On June 14, an ulan was wounded in a battle with insurgents near Kirchheimbolanden . Due to the rapid retreat of the insurgents, however, there was no major fighting. Following this event, Landau fortress was appalled and the Rhine crossed at Germersheim on June 20.
Shortly after the crossing there was a brief skirmish near Wiesenthal , in the course of which Prince Friedrich Karl was wounded. The next day, the 1st and 2nd squadrons were sent to reconnaissance against Karlsruhe. They did not encounter any enemy troops. On June 23, the 3rd and 4th Squadrons were dispatched to Heidelberg, while the other two squadrons were marched towards Ubstadt. There they came into heavy artillery and infantry fire, but only lost one horse.
After Rastatt was enclosed, the resistance of the revolutionaries slowly dissolved. The regiment had three wounded Uhlans, two injured and three dead horses. The regiment rode out on patrols in July, which allowed parts of it to reach Freiburg , Offenburg , Lahr and Kehl and in the Black Forest even as far as Lörrach .
1850/65
The regiment returned to Bonn on December 9, 1850. Because parts of its garrison are occupied by the 28th Landwehr Cavalry Regiment, it takes up quarters in the surrounding villages. The AKO of February 6, 1851 ordered the relocation of the regiment from Bonn to Saarbrücken (1st and 2nd squadron) and Saarlouis (3rd and 4th squadron). There was great regret on all sides. The regiment had gained the sympathy of the population during its time in Bonn. The Uhlans now received the M / 50 pistol as armament (the flintlock pistols, the carbine and the rifle were omitted) and the saber without a basket was replaced by the M / 52 cavalry saber in the following year.
On July 20, 1852, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV appointed the Baden regent and later Grand Duke Friedrich I as head of the regiment . The association received the designation Rheinisches Ulanen-Regiment (No. 7) by AKO on July 4, 1860 . On the occasion of King Wilhelm's coronation, the regimental standard was sent to Königsberg on September 18, 1861. On March 25, 1865, the regiment celebrated its 50th anniversary.
German War 1866
The regiment mobilized on May 6th. Reservists were drafted from all parts of the Rhine Province. 247 horses had to be procured on the free market and trained as soon as possible for use in the army. On May 18, the 7th Uhlan Regiment was ready to march. On May 19, the regiment moved by rail first to Koblenz and then to Halle. On June 4th the march to the Prussian-Saxon border was carried out. On June 15, the day of the declaration of war, the staff and the 3rd and 4th Squadrons, belonging to the 16th Division, were in the vicinity of Burgdorf. The 1st Squadron was assigned to the Fusilier Brigade under Colonel von Wegener and the 2nd Squadron to the 31st Infantry Brigade under General von Schöler.
The regiment entered Dresden on June 18 with a bang and an unfurled standard , as the Saxon troops had withdrawn towards the Bohemian border. On July 3rd, the day of the Battle of Königgrätz , the regiment was ordered to secure the last marching columns to the rear and had no part in the battle. The 3rd squadron was assigned to the mounted battery "Caspari", the 2nd and 4th to protect the batteries at Neu-Prim. The 1st Squadron was assigned to maintain communication with the 14th Division. In the course of the further advance, the regiment often provided the vanguard. So it was two platoons of the regiment that first saw Vienna on July 21st .
After the preliminary peace on July 26th, the parts of the regiment moved back to their garrison. Via Rodnitz to Pilsen, from where further transport took place by rail. The 3rd and 4th squadrons and the staff went to Saarbrücken, the 1st and 2nd squadrons to Saarlouis in garrison. The order to demobilize came on October 9th . Five equivalent squadrons were formed from the line squadrons and the reserve squadrons. Rittmeister von Waldow took over the new 5th squadron . He was commanded with this squadron to the new Altmark Uhlan Regiment No. 16 , where it was incorporated as the 4th squadron.
1866/69
During these years the regiment lost an extraordinary number of well-trained riding horses due to various horse diseases. The War Ministry then approved the procurement of extraordinary remonts as replacements.
Franco-German War 1870/71
On July 15, 1870, the regiment received false news that war had been declared. Uhlans and the Fusilier Battalion 69 are to move out of Saarbrücken immediately. At 3 a.m. on July 16, both troops moved away. The population of Saarbrücken reacted from fear to panic, especially because the regiment's storage depot was opened for the residents so that none of it should fall into the hands of the French. On July 17th, there was confusion in the headquarters about the state of the border near Saarbrücken. Moltke is not informed whether the enemy has already advanced and whether Saarbrücken has already been occupied by the French. Several dispatches go from Ottweiler, the regiment's current retreat to Berlin, Koblenz and Trier. Major von Pestel reports from Moltke , von Barnekow , von Witzendorff and von Herwarth almost every hour . He receives from them in the same rhythm some contradicting dispatches.
Pestel clears up in the direction of Saarbrücken and moves back into Saarbrücken around 4 p.m. At this point the Uhlans are as good as defenseless. Apart from their lances and sabers, they have nothing with which to take action against possible opponents. Their pistols were worthless as all ammunition was used up in target practice early in July. On the night of July 17th to 18th, the 2nd Battalion of the Hohenzollern Fusilier Regiment No. 40 joined the Uhlans as reinforcement.
From July 18, Uhlans and fusiliers will go on patrol together and occupy various outposts around Saarbrücken. On July 19, around 5 a.m., the first battle took place. A Prussian patrol is shot at near Stieringen. After three squadrons failed to provoke the French to a major battle, the Prussian Uhlans retreated to Saarbrücken. A patrol consisting of Sergeant Schranz, a private and two Uhlans keeps in touch with the enemy. She meets half a platoon led by an officer. Sergeant Schranz fired the first (German) shot of this war on the French officer. The officer remains unharmed. (Most likely because the sergeant's pistol was only loaded with a blank cartridge. At this point in time, there was still largely no live ammunition available for the Uhlans' pistols. The blank cartridges were supposed to be used as an alarm instrument.) Meet at the regiment at 5 pm received the telegram from Berlin that the war had been declared by France at 1.30 p.m.
During the next two weeks, the regiment with the fusiliers will be on duty at the frontier. A patrol under Prime Lieutenant von Voigt destroyed parts of the Saargemünd-Hagenau railway line in order to prevent the French from proceeding across the Saar. In order to simulate larger troop gatherings, the Uhlans maintain large, symmetrical fires on the hills near St. Johann, behind Saarbrücken. The disguise of the Uhlans with paper collars, helmets of the fire brigade, drill clothing and the spiked hoods of the fusiliers is also used as a ruse. The French fall for both deceptions and report an incorrect number and composition of enemy soldiers in Saarbrücken and the surrounding area. That is one of the reasons why they do not advance any further, but even fortify their positions, namely on the Red Mountain near Spichern, and wait for further reinforcements. During the patrol and outpost service, the regiment also gets its membership for the further course of the war. It is assigned to the 1st Army under General von Steinmetz . There it is subordinate to the 6th Cavalry Brigade under Major General von Mirus, which in turn belongs to the 3rd Cavalry Division under Lieutenant General von der Groeben.
On July 30, the French superiority was so great that the Grand Headquarters feared the senseless loss of the fusilier battalion and the Uhlans and gave the order to retreat. Pestel, who has meanwhile been promoted to lieutenant colonel, reports that the enemy is unlikely to attack and that he wishes to continue to hold the position. Moltke gives in and telegraphs that he agrees with von Pestel's intention. Pestel reports to Berlin on July 31:
General Moltke, Berlin - position taken up again, will hold position under all circumstances, even without reinforcements, otherwise the railroad and telegraph will stop. Please be confident.
On August 2nd, the French advance to Saarbrücken with around 20,000 soldiers. The Uhlans and Fusiliers are now ordered back in a hurry. The mayor of Saarbrücken Johann Carl Schmidtborn is almost fusiled because the French do not believe him that only around 900 soldiers held up an opponent who was almost twenty times superior for 14 days and think that the mayor wanted to mock them.
As instructed, the Uhlan Regiment No. 7 joined the 3rd Cavalry Division on August 3rd, which rallied between Losheim and Lebach . The 3rd Cavalry Division under Lieutenant General von der Groeben consisted of:
- 6th Cavalry Brigade (Major General von Mirus )
- Rhenish Cuirassier Regiment No. 8 with four squadrons
- Rhenish Uhlan Regiment No. 7 with four squadrons
- 7th Cavalry Brigade (Major General Graf zu Dohna)
- Westphalian Uhlan Regiment No. 5 with four squadrons
- 2nd Hanoverian Uhlan Regiment No. 14 with four squadrons
- 1. Mounted Battery Field Artillery Regiment No. 7 with six guns
On August 4th, the regiment marched towards Tholey and from there towards the border. On August 11th, the General Headquarters issued a binding order to take the two cavalry divisions to the front. From August 13th, the 7th Uhlans cleared up against Metz and Diedenhofen as the avant-garde . During the siege of Metz, the Uhlans performed mainly outpost and liaison service. In addition, Uhlans of the regiment rode patrols with the aim of bringing in French prisoners who were then to report on the state of the besieged fortress. On September 6th, Lieutenant Colonel von Pestel received the Iron Cross, 2nd class, for his services to the border guards after the outbreak of war. On September 28th, the Uhlans were replaced by the Uhlan Regiment No. 14 at the outpost service outside Metz. The regiment now secured, among other things, the rear space and remained near the fortress. On October 27, they arrested an officer of the Garde Nationale in Hennemont who had escaped from Paris in a balloon.
After the fall of Metz, the regiment moved to northern France. Your reconnaissance work was now needed in the Argonne and on the left bank of the Meuse. In addition, units of the regiment were involved in the battle for Amiens, albeit to an insignificant extent. The Uhlans continued to make reconnaissance rides, namely in the direction of L'Etoile and Longpré. Later in the direction of Monchy au Bois and Pozières . After the battle of St. Quentin , the Uhlans took up the pursuit of the escaped French troops. The regiment was in front of Cambrai when the news of the three-week armistice arrived at 12 noon on January 31st. The Uhlans became part of the occupying army.
On April 1, the regiments were reduced to peacetime strength and the reserve officers and men withdrew. On May 24th it was determined by AKO that the 3rd Cavalry Division would be dissolved. The regiment received the order to march towards Diedenhofen. On June 30th, the regiment returned to its garrisons in Saarlouis and Saarbrücken.
1872
On May 26th, the standard received the pointed tip with the Iron Cross introduced by AKO on June 16, 1871.
Each squadron receives 32 French Chassepot rifles as additional armament.
1873
The teams are equipped with the cavalry saber without a basket.
1876
The cavalry carbine 71 replaces the French booty rifles.
1878
The regiment moves into the new Saarburg garrison
1881
The single-shot percussion pistol is replaced by the M / 79 cavalry revolver.
1890
The wooden lances are exchanged for tubular steel lances. In addition, the 89 cavalry sword is issued to all cavalry units with the exception of the cuirassiers.
1896
The regiment moves back to the old garrison in Saarbrücken
1899
AKO of August 29th backdates the founding day of the regiment to April 14th, 1734.
Boxer Rebellion 1900
Many of the officers, NCOs and crews of the 7th Uhlans volunteered to take part in the punitive expedition against the rebellious boxers . Only one non-commissioned officer and 10 Uhlans are selected and assigned to the East Asian cavalry and the East Asian howitzer and ammunition column.
1912/13
On October 1, 1912, the regiment left the VIII. Army Corps and joined the XXI General Command . Army Corps in Saarbrücken over. By AKO of June 16, 1913, Kaiser Wilhelm II awards the following honor in recognition of the military merits of 1870/71 in the war against France:
“On the occasion of my twenty-five-year jubilee in government, I am awarding the Uhlan Regiment Grand Duke Friedrich von Baden (Rhine) No. 7 to the Tschapkas the Guard Eagle without a star. The war ministry has to announce this award to the army and arrange the necessary because of the samples. Berlin, June 16, 1913. "
The regiment was the only line cavalry unit of the Prussian army, besides the king's lancers, to carry this eagle.
First World War 1914/18
The regiment's combat calendar records participation in the First World War. a. in the following combat operations:
- August to September 1914: Battle of Lorraine and subsequent skirmishes
- September to October 1915: fighting for Saint-Quentin and Arras
- September to December 1914: 3rd and 4th squadrons: fighting for Arras
- December 1914 to February 1915: 3rd and 4th squadrons: Bzura, Vistula protection from Plozk, winter battle in Masuria and battles at Bobr
- March to April 1915: trench warfare at Lipniki and Pupkowizna
- April to May 1915: 3rd and 4th squadrons: Relocation to Kakau and breakthrough near Gorlice
- May to August 1915: Staff, 1st and 5th squadrons: position battles near Augustow-Mariampol, battles on the Jeszja and Weiwery, siege of Kovno
- May to June 1915: 3rd and 4th squadrons: Battle of the San, fighting for Przemysl
- June to July 1915: 3rd and 4th squadrons: Battle of Lemberg
- June to August 1915: 3rd squadron in the formation of the 119th Infantry Division : advance to the bow
- July to August 1915: 4th squadron: Battle of Hrubieszow, Battle of the Ucherka , crossing over the Bug and taking of Brest-Litowsk
- August to September 1915: 4th Squadron: pursuit on Kobryn, crossing over the Dnieper-Bug Canal, pursuit battles to Pinsk and Logischin
- September to July 1916: 4th Squadron: Winter position battles in the Pripjet swamps and on the Stochod
Whereabouts
After the end of the war , the remnants of the association moved to Rathenow at the end of April 1919 and formed the combined Reichswehr-Cavalry Regiment 25a of the Provisional Reichswehr with the former Hussar Regiment "von Zieten" (Brandenburgisches) No. 3 . In January 1920, the association was dissolved and the 3 rider regiment, each consisting of a squadron 7th Uhlans, cuirassier regiment "Emperor Nicholas I of Russia" (Brandenburg) No. 6 , Magdeburg Hussar Regiment No. 10 , Magdeburg Dragoon- Regiment No. 6 and a machine gun platoon. The tradition took over in the Reichswehr by decree of the Chief of the Army Command General of the Infantry Hans von Seeckt from August 24th, 1921 the 2nd Squadron of the 3rd (Prussian) Cavalry Regiment in Rathenow. In the Wehrmacht, the tradition continued with the 5th Squadron of the 3rd Cavalry Regiment in Göttingen.
Commanders
| Rank | Surname | date | image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lieutenant colonel | Karl Heinrich von Czettritz and Neuhaus | August 6-11, 1815 |
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| Friedrich von Falkenhausen | August 25, 1815 (not started) |
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| Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel | Wilhelm von Raven | January 5, 1816 to March 25, 1817 |
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| Major / Lieutenant Colonel | Karl Friedrich Erdmann von Kracht | March 26th to April 11th, 1817 |
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| Lieutenant colonel | Viktor von Schierstedt | April 12, 1817 to May 17, 1818 |
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| Major / Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel | Karl Heinrich von Kurssel | June 23, 1818 to March 29, 1835 |
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| major | Karl Friedrich von Flotow | March 30, 1835 to March 29, 1836 (in charge of the tour) |
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| Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel | Karl Friedrich von Flotow | March 30, 1836 to March 21, 1843 |
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| Lieutenant colonel | Johann von Giese | March 22, 1843 to January 15, 1844 (in charge of the tour) |
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| Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel | Johann von Giese | January 16, 1844 to October 13, 1848 |
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| Major / Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel | Karl Bernhard von Stülpnagel | October 14, 1848 to September 24, 1855 |
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| Colonel | Emil von Czettritz and Neuhaus | September 29, 1855 to February 18, 1857 |
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| Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel | Gustav von Kotze | February 19, 1857 to July 23, 1861 |
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| Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel | Adolf von Ferentheil and Gruppenberg (1805-1894) | June 24, 1861 to August 12, 1864 |
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| Lieutenant colonel | Rudolf Stein von Kaminski | August 13, 1864 to April 17, 1865 (in charge of the tour) |
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| Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel | Rudolf Stein von Kaminski | April 18, 1865 to March 4, 1869 |
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| Major / Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel | Eduard von Pestel | March 5, 1869 to May 27, 1874 |
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| Lieutenant colonel | Maximilian Roth von Schreckenstein | May 28, 1874 to August 12, 1875 |
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| Lieutenant colonel | Wilhelm Rudorff | August 17, 1875 to April 11, 1877 |
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| Lieutenant colonel | Edwin Werckmeister | April 12 to June 20, 1877 (in charge of the tour) |
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| Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel | Edwin Werckmeister called von Oesterling | June 21, 1877 to December 3, 1884 |
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| Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel | Arnold von Langenbeck | December 4, 1884 to May 15, 1888 |
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| Lieutenant colonel | Roderich von Schönau-Wehr | May 16, 1888 to July 20, 1889 |
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| Lieutenant colonel | Peter Ziegler | July 21, 1889 to May 16, 1890 |
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| Lieutenant colonel | Leonhard von und zu Egloffstein | May 24 to August 11, 1890 |
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| Lieutenant colonel | Friedrich von Schele | August 12, 1890 to April 27, 1891 |
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| Lieutenant colonel | Hugo von Czettritz and Neuhaus | April 28, 1891 to April 3, 1893 |
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| Lieutenant colonel | Götz von König | April 4 to June 16, 1893 (substitute) |
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| Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel | Götz von König | June 17, 1893 to June 16, 1897 |
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| Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel | Rudolf Schultz from Dratzig | June 17, 1897 to March 21, 1902 |
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| Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel | Rudolf von Fries | March 22, 1902 to March 21, 1907 |
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| Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel | Eduard Neven Du Mont | March 22, 1907 to March 8, 1912 |
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| Dignity. Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel | Georg Keller | March 9, 1912 to June 5, 1916 |
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| Colonel | Ernst von Kameke | June 6, 1916 to 1919 |
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Monuments
The Ulanendenkmal in Saarbrücken was erected in memory of the members of the regiment who fell in the Wars of Unification on June 1, 1913 in front of the then Saarbrücken City Hall, today's Old City Hall, on Schlossplatz . The design comes from Professor Fritz Klimsch , the casting was carried out by the Berlin bronze foundry Hermann Noack in Berlin-Friedenau. The equestrian statue standing on a base made of red sandstone shows the rider wearing only an Attic helmet , who was originally equipped with a spear in his right hand and an oak branch in his left hand. Both attributes disappeared after the Second World War.
The monument stands today on the Staden , a park-like public part of the Saar bank in the center of Saarbrücken.
Ulanendenkmal Saarbrücken 2010
Ulanendenkmal Saarbrücken 2010
Ulanendenkmal Saarbrücken 2010
Ulanendenkmal Saarbrücken 2010
Regimental monument 1914–18 in Rhöndorf
The war memorial for the members of the regiment who fell in World War I was ceremoniously unveiled in September 1925 in the vineyards of Rhöndorf am Rhein on the climb to the Drachenfels.
Examples of the regiment's reservists
Reservist image
literature
- Karl Epner: History of the Uhlan Regiment Grand Duke Friedrich von Baden (Rheinisches) No. 7. 2nd revised and continued edition by Karl Braun, Verlag Georg Stilke, Berlin 1909.
- Leo von Pfannenberg, Robert Riedel: The Uhlan Regiment Grand Duke Friedrich von Baden (Rheinisches) No. 7 in the World War 1914–1918 (= memorial sheets of German regiments. The participation of the troops of the former German army in the world war, edited using the official war diaries 1 . Formerly Prussian troops. Issue 97 ). Verlag Georg Stilke et al., Berlin 1923. Digital full text from the Württemberg State Library
Individual evidence
- ^ Günter Wegmann (Ed.), Günter Wegner: Formation history and staffing of the German armed forces 1815-1990. Part 1: Occupation of the German armies 1815–1939. Volume 3: The occupation of active regiments, battalions and departments from the foundation or list up to August 26, 1939. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1993, ISBN 3-7648-2413-1 , pp. 164–165.
Guard regiments: Gardes du Corps | Dragoons: 1 | 2 | Hussars | Cuirassier | Uhlans: 1 | 2 | 3
Dragoons regiments: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26th
Hussar regiments: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20th
Hunter regiments on horseback : 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13
Cuirassier regiments: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Heavy riders: 1 | 2
Uhlan regiments: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21st
Bavarian cavalry regiments: Chevaulegers 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Heavy riders: 1 | 2 | Uhlans: 1 | 2