Easter lakes

Easter lakes
Aerial view of Osterseen, view towards Lake Starnberg
Geographical location	Bavaria , Germany
Tributaries	Steinbach , Lauterbach
Drain	Ostersee-oh
Islands	Holzau, Marieninsel, Steigerinsel, Roseninsel, Schwaigerinsel (Großer Ostersee), as well as two unnamed islands in Frechensee
Places on the shore	Iffeldorf , Seeshaupt
Data
Coordinates	47 ° 47 '25 "  N , 11 ° 18' 15"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 47 '25 "  N , 11 ° 18' 15"  E
Altitude above sea level	588  m above sea level NHN
surface	223.55 hectares
length	5.2 km
width	1 km
volume	20,975,100 m³
Maximum depth	29.7 m
Middle deep	9.38 m
particularities	24 individual lakes

The location of the Osterseen in the Loisach and Ammer / Amper rivers (catchment area of ​​the Isar )

Nature reserve Osterseen, Waschsee, Schiffhüttensee and Sengsee

The Osterseen are a group of bodies of water south of Lake Starnberg in the Weilheim-Schongau district in Upper Bavaria . The southern and central Easter lakes with the Großer Ostersee belong to the municipality of Iffeldorf , the northern Osterseen from the Stechsee and the Frechensee to the municipality of Seeshaupt . Iffeldorf is located about five kilometers northwest of Penzberg , 20 km southeast of the district town of Weilheim and 50 km south-southwest of the city center of Munich .

The 20 larger individual lakes have a total area of ​​around 225  hectares and an average depth of a good nine meters. This does not include the Kleine Gröbensee and around 15 unnamed smaller lakes, each with only a few hundred square meters, of which seven are already heavily silted up.

The Osterseen and the silting zone to the west are located in the conservation area "Protection of the Osterseen and their surroundings in the municipalities of Frauenrain , Iffeldorf and Seeshaupt". The area received this protection status as early as 1955.

Since 1981, there is also the natural reserve "Osterseen" with an area of 1.083 ha. Of these, approximately one-third omitted on the surfaces of the waters, are ha 494 high , low and intermediate Moore , 172 ha consist of semi-natural mixed forest . Around five percent of the Easter lake landscape is made up of riverside regions, silting areas and meadows. The nature reserve is divided into three parts, separated by the Kochelseebahn railway line and the road (Seeshaupt – Penzberg via Iffeldorf with the Penzberg / Iffeldorf junction to the A 95 ): Südliche Osterseen , Nördliche Osterseen and Frechensee . In May 1997, the Osterseen were registered as a SPA ( European bird sanctuary ) and FFH area according to the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive to Brussels. Along with the Eggstätt-Hemhofer Lake District and the Seeon Lakes, the area is considered to be the largest and most structurally rich ice break-up landscape in the Bavarian Alpine Foreland . The complex of boggy and nutrient-poor lakes , low , transitional and raised bogs next to bog and swamp forests with its extraordinary variety of species in the networked habitats , biotopes and ecological niches is important for basic scientific research across Europe.

The beauty of this landscape has always attracted artists. The painter Georg Schrimpf , a main exponent of the New Objectivity art movement , was so fascinated that he created several oil paintings of the Easter lakes in the 1930s.

Geotope

The Osterseengebiet has been designated by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (LfU) as a geoscientifically particularly valuable geotope (geotope number: 190R035). In 2006 it was awarded the official seal of approval for Bavaria's most beautiful geotopes by the LfU .

The geotope was included in the list of 77 awarded national geotopes in Germany.

See also : List of geotopes in the Weilheim-Schongau district

etymology

The entire lake group has its name from the largest and most easterly individual lake of the actual Ostersee group, the Great Ostersee , whose name is derived from the Old High German adjective ōstar , which means "east", "in the east" or "to the east".

history

For a long time, the area was only sparsely populated and, due to its swampy nature, was only partially suitable for hunting or fishing, and even less for agriculture, which is why it was largely spared from human interference until the end of the 19th century. After 1861, the Munich industrialist Joseph Anton von Maffei , who had previously bought the three Staltacher Höfe, had two openings made: from the Staltacher Lakes to the Fohnsee and from the Fohnsee to the Ostersee. This resulted in a water connection across Lake Starnberg and the Würm to Munich, where he wanted to ship the peat cut in Iffeldorf. However, due to the construction of the railway line , this never happened. There were only a few small settlements in the immediate vicinity, and their land use was more oriented away from the lakes. As early as 1955, the area was initially designated as a landscape protection area. With the increasing industrialization of agriculture , which brought with it a growing use of artificial fertilizers also in the vicinity of the lakes, the supply of nutrients in the lakes began to increase and the water quality declined noticeably. But it was only through the opening of a campsite with 40 pass-through and 98 annual parking spaces at Fohnsee and the increasing mobility of people, which brought an enormous influx of bathers from surrounding places and the city of Munich (up to 10,000 people on peak days) Lake area from the 1970s on the verge of ecological collapse. This could be prevented by, at the instigation of the municipality of Iffeldorf, in 1981 the area around the lakes was given the status of a nature reserve , combined with a route requirement and strict regulation of permitted bathing areas on the south and east banks of the Fohnsee and on the southernmost and northernmost sections of the eastern bank were expelled at the Great Ostersee . By limiting the number of (chargeable) parking spaces, the influx of visitors has now been reduced to less than 5,000 people, even on peak days. Information boards at the entrances to the nature reserve show the course of the public hiking trails around the lakes and the exact location of the bank areas open to swimming, and protected areas have also been partially fenced off.

geomorphology

Fohnsee with Iffeldorf

The ice crumbling landscape of the Osterseen is one of the most diverse and instructive in the northern foothills of the Alps , as there are different typical landscape forms of the glacial series in a small space and in impressive form.

The dead pits of the Ostersee group were formed at the end of the last ice age around 17,000 years ago, when numerous blocks of ice were cut off from the main tongue of the melting Isar-Loisach glacier. These so-called dead ice blocks were then covered by the sand and gravel deposits of the melt water, which slowed the melting of the blocks. When these were finally melted, the funnel-shaped basins ( dead ice holes ) remained, which were filled with meltwater and rainwater, but mostly with lime-rich groundwater and thus became dead ponds. The Blue Gump in particular is a vivid example of a spring pot that is used to fill the large Ostersee with groundwater.

Formation of a dead lake (The filling with groundwater is not shown.)

The individual hills and chains of hills that characterize the landscape of the Osterseen as well as the entire northern Alpine foothills were created as a result of glaciation and therefore belong to the glacial series. In a glacier, not only ice, but also large amounts of rock material are carried along, which the glacier previously excavated from the mountains and the foothills. When the glacier melts, meltwater flows form on its surface and below the glacier, which can carry away the stored gravel . The currents dump these fluvioglacial sediments on the edge or below the glacier tongue in the form of moraine walls , which u. a. be referred to as Oser . At the same time, crevices on the glacier were filled with gravel masses carried by the meltwater streams of the retreating main glacier, which formed the kames after thawing , which also characterize the landscape around the Easter lakes.

For a more detailed description of the history of the origins of the landscapes south of Munich, please refer to the article on the Alpine Foreland .

The high lime content of the Quaternary gravel with sandy and gravel loam characterizes the soil types in the area of ​​the lakes. It can be found Pararendzinan , brown soils , Parabraunerden , Pseudogley and Gleye , the latter predominate because the ground water is present near the surface almost everywhere in the area. Later in silted parts of the lakes and kettle holes . However, because the soil in these peripheral areas was still very humid , moorland , fen and raised bog soils formed, isolating the area from above-ground tributaries as far as possible. The lake sediment also has a high carbonate content; Due to the calcite precipitation there is pure sea ​​chalk, some of which is very thick.

Hydrogeology

Great Ostersee, thunderstorm evening at the north end, view to the south

Spring funnel on the west bank of the Great Ostersee

Scenery on the west bank of the Great Ostersee

The main chain of the Osterseen, connected by the Ostersee-Ach (Ach) and natural canals, flows through from south to north following the slope of the terrain and flows east of Seeshaupt at 584  m above sea level. NHN in the Starnberger See . The Ostersee-Ach has a catchment area of ​​5,750  ha and an average water flow of 1.02 m³ / s at the mouth. At the beginning of this chain is at 594 m above sea level the Waschsee , followed from south to north: Schiffhüttensee , Sengsee , Wolf Staffelsee , Fohnsee , Big Ostersee , Eastern and Western Breitenauersee , Ameisensee , Stechsee , Lintensee , Gröbensee , garden lake and Ursee . The Lustsee, west of the Gröbensee, drains into this main chain of lakes . A side chain, through which the Fischkaltersee flows via the Bräuhaussee and the Eishaussee from east to west, joins the main chain at Fohnsee. The Herrensee is connected to this side chain by a canal whose current is directed towards the Fischkaltersee.

The lakes are fed by groundwater from a number of spring funnels (Limnokrenen) and diffuse inlets, which are mainly located in the southern area on or in the Wasch, Schiffhütten, Seng and Großer Ostersee. Further groundwater inflows can be found at Herren-, Westlichen Breitenauer-, Stech- and Lustsee (see map) , whereby especially the springs of the latter show a heavy pouring . It is noticeable that the southern spring funnels lie on an axis running from northwest to southeast. This phenomenon can be explained by an underground threshold : the southern end of the Osterseengebiet lies at a point that is distinctive from a tertiary geological point of view, namely precisely at the geologically defined northern end of the Alps . At this borderline, the folded molasses meets the unfolded foreland molasses , the hardness sill consists of the most resistant rock layers of the turned-up southern end of the unfolded tertiary molasses. The bulge was created by the thrust of the fold molasses formed during the formation of the Alps and, because of its hard rock, resisted erosion by Pleistocene glacier movements and later periglacial processes. The inflowing groundwater from the gravel fields in the south of the area accumulates at this barrier and is forced to overflow the obstacle. In the dead ice basins created by glacial erosion , it finds its way out and fills the lakes. This influx of cold summer and warm winter groundwater has a lasting impact on the thermal situation of the lakes.

Thunderstorm mood at the northern end of the Great Ostersee, looking south

Originally all of the Easter lakes belonged to the calcareous oligotrophic water type (oligotrophic hard water lakes), for which a great depth of visibility of ten or more meters is typical even in summer, which is related to the low nutrient content. The recent pollution of the groundwater in the catchment area of ​​the lakes caused by human influences led to an eutrophication of the waters, especially in the south of the area , a clear nutrient gradient formed in the course of the chain. Only the Lustsee remained in an almost unpolluted condition; The original condition of all the Easter lakes can be largely studied on it. Thus, the Osterseen show a broad spectrum of lake types in a small area, although the individual lakes have a related geomorphology due to their common way of origin and are all exposed to the same climatic environmental changes. The great variety of hydrological and chemical properties offers an optimal basis for comparative hydrological studies, which is why the Technical University of Munich set up a limnological research station in Iffeldorf in 1986 .

In general, it can be said that the water quality in the Osterseen has been relatively good since 1982 when the community of Iffeldorf and the hamlet of Staltach were connected to the Penzberg sewage network - with tendencies towards further recovery. The pollution of the lakes decreases with increasing distance from Iffeldorf and the intensively agriculturally used areas in the south and is lowest in the northern Osterseen. The highest nitrate and phosphate values ​​are measured in the Wasch- und Schiffhüttensee; As a result, these also have the highest proportion of phytoplankton .

Flora and fauna

At the northern end of the Great Ostersee, looking south-west

For those interested in animal and plant species, the nature reserve offers a variety of rare study and observation opportunities.

plants

The flora of the Osterseengebiet is characterized by great biodiversity; some endangered species also find refuge here.

A wide variety of algae species thrive in and around the waters (including diatoms with the central forms Cyclotella comta and C. comensis and pennate forms such as Synedra acus , S. angustissima , Asterionella formosa and Fragilaria crotonensis ; Dinophyceae such as Gymnodinium helveticum , Ceratium hirund , C. cornutum and Peridinium bipes ; Chlorophyceae such as Eutetramorus fottii , Phacotus lendneri , Quadrigula lacustris , Cruzigenia quadrata and Oocystris parva ; cyanobacteria such as Planktothrix rubescens ) as well as flowering aquatic and marsh plants. The composition of the flora varies from lake to lake depending on the biotope conditions. A botanical peculiarity is the extraordinary abundance of sometimes extremely rare water hose species in the chain of lakes, such as Utricularia australis , Utricularia intermedia and Utricularia minor . Other types of free-floating macrophytes include: small duckweed ( Lemna minor ), frog bite ( Hydrocharis morsus-ranae ) and rough horn leaf ( Ceratophyllum demersum ). The aquatic plants rooted at the bottom are represented with a good half dozen different chandelier algae (Characeae), the waterweed ( Elodea spec.), The pine frond ( Hippuris vulgaris ), a mermaid species ( Najas spec.), Various types of spawning herb ( Potamogeton spec .) .), the pond thread ( Zannichellia palustris ), the spiked thousand-leaf ( Myriophyllum spicatum ), the whorled thousand-leaf ( M. verticillatum ) and the spreading water crowfoot ( Ranunculus circinatus ).

Swamp heart leaf , a particularly rare species

Globe flower on the south bank of the Great Easter Lake

Particularly rich in species, the present Amphiphyten with bent grass ( Agrostis spec.), Various rushes ( Juncus spp.) And a Rasenbinsenart ( Trichophorum spec.), Water mint ( Mentha aquatica ), Myosotis scorpioides ( Myosotis scorpioides ), watercress ( Nasturtium officinale ) Water knotweed ( Persicaria amphibia ), arrowhead ( Sagittaria sagittifolia ), pond sedge ( Schoenoplectus lacustris ), knotted hedgehog ( Sparganium erectum ), blue water speedwell ( Veronica anagallis-aquatica ), brook bungee ( Veronica beccabunga ) and other species.

Among the helophytes there are, among others, Schneidried ( Cladium mariscus ), fever clover ( Menyanthes trifoliata ), reeds ( Phragmites australis ) and cattails ( Typha spec.). The reed edges and the connections between the lakes are the sites of the white lake rose and the yellow pond rose ( Nymphaea alba and Nuphar lutea ).

Depending on the season, the lean wet meadows and semi-arid grasslands are overgrown with globe flowers ( Trollius europaeus ), flour primrose ( Primula farinosa ), swamp heart leaf ( Parnassia palustris ), spring gentian ( Gentiana verna ), meadow sage ( Salvia pratensis ), and goatee ( Tragopogon pratensis ), Berg knapweed ( Centaurea montana ), campion ( Silene spec.), meadowsweet ( Filipendula ulmaria ), bogbean (see above), Gilb- ( Lysimachia vulgaris ) and loosestrife ( Lythrum salicaria ), cotton grass ( Eriophorum spec.), bulrush ( Juncus spec. ), Pipe grass ( Molinia caerulea ) and cowslips ( Primula spec.). Also Salad Burnet ( Sanguisorba minor ), thistles ( Carlina acaulis ) and orchids such as the Marsh Helleborine ( Epipactis palustris ) and Orchid ( Orchis / Dactylorhiza spp.) Occur. In particularly nutrient-poor locations, the carnivorous butterwort ( Pinguicula spec.) And sundew ( Drosera spec.) Supplement their need for nitrogen by catching insects.

In the herbaceous layer of the deciduous forest around the lakes there are ideal conditions for the rare, filigree branchy grass lily ( Anthericum ramosum ).

Animals

Due to the large number of biotopes networked in a small space , the Osterseen nature reserve has a species-rich and fascinating fauna . In addition to more “common” animals, there are also some that are on the red list in Germany .

insects

The supply of nectar and forage plants in the nature reserve is very rich and leads to a large variety of insects . Besides bees , there are many butterflies , dragonflies and hoverflies , on caddis species are found even some that rarely or not occur in other parts of Bavaria. Of the butterflies that can be encountered , the scabiosa butterfly ( Euphydryas eurinia ) and the bog meadow bird ( Coenonympha tullia ) are among the most endangered species in Germany. Among the dragonfly species that occur there are several on the Red List, the Siberian winter dragonfly ( Sympecma paedisca ), a relic from the post-glacial period, deserves special attention . Over 50 species of swimming and water beetles were also counted.

Amphibians

Of the twenty types of amphibians that occur in Bavaria , eight are found in this area, four of which are endangered species. In addition to the common frog ( Rana temporaria ), tree frog ( Hyla arborea ) and water frogs ( Pelophylax esculentus complex), there are smaller populations of mountain newts ( Ichthyosaura alpestris ), common toads ( Bufo bufo ) and yellow-bellied toads ( Bombina variegata ). The amphibian biotopes are particularly valuable because overwintering sites , spawning waters and summer habitats are closely interlinked as habitat complexes.

Reptiles

It is imperative that you follow the directions in the nature reserve, not only to protect nature, but also for your own safety, as the area is rich in adders ( Vipera berus ). In addition, come from the reptiles to the Osterseen slow worms ( Anguis fragilis ), mining and sand lizards ( Zootoca vivipara and Lacerta agilis ) and grass snakes ( Natrix natrix before).

Birds

Great Reed Warbler

The nature reserve is unusually rich in birds thanks to its wet and littered meadows , large areas of mixed forest and water , including the green and great spotted woodpecker ( Picus viridis and Dendrocopos major ) and the great crested grebe ( Podiceps cristatus ). In the field of reeds - reed beds is still the rare reed warbler ( Acrocephalus arundinaceus encountered). Other observed in the area lately species were Sedge Warbler ( Acrocephalus schoenobaenus ), marsh harrier ( Circus aeruginosus ), Canada goose ( Branta canadensis ), crested tit ( Lophophanes cristatus ), common tern ( Sterna hirundo ), goldfinch ( Carduelis carduelis ), black redstart ( Phoenicurus ochruros ), bullfinches ( Pyrrhula pyrrhula ) and coot ( Fulica atra ). The influence of the immigrant cormorants ( Phalacrocorax carbo ) on fish stocks is controversial .

fishes

The lakes also have a diverse fish population; This is dominated by the whitefish (Whitefish; Coregonus spp.). The lakes are managed by the Munich fishing association “Die Gesplißten eV”.

Structure and size of the lakes

No.	Surname	Area ( ha )	Volume (m³)	Length (m)	Width (m)	Max. Depth (m)	average Depth (m)
Southern Osterseen (Oberseen): Iffeldorfer Seengruppe
1	Washing lake	0.85	25,600	125	65	5.4	3.0
2	Schiffhüttensee	1.17	40,800	138	96	6.6	3.5
3	Sengsee	5.45	387,900	343	266	14.6	7.1
4th	Wolfelsee	1.06	32,600	156	85	5.8	3.1
5	Fohnsee	21.19	2,298,300	680	440	23.7	10.8
6th	Helgraben	0.26	4,000	65	56	2.3	1.3
7th	Bridge Lake	1.55	43,400	150	120	4.8	2.8
Southern Osterseen (Oberseen): Staltach Lake Group
8th	Herrensee	3.00	260,000	230	153	10.7	8.7
9	Fischkaltersee	3.28	191,800	273	147	11.4	5.8
10	Bräuhaussee	5.11	295,100	300	184	12.5	5.8
11	Forchensee	0.92	30,000	107	104	8.2	3.3
12	Ice house	7.69	511,300	382	284	19.1	6.6
Middle or Easter group
13	Great Easter Lake	117.63	14,000,000	2,150	830	29.7	11.9
14th	Eastern Breitenau Lake	2.39	160,000	223	138	15.6	6.7
15th	Western Breitenau lake	6.09	352,600	475	375	17.1	5.8
16	Ant lake	3.76	346,700	436	160	18.9	9.2
Northern Osterseen (Unterseen, Seeshaupter Seengruppe)
17th	Stechsee	7.54	486,800	670	244	15.2	6.5
18th	Lintensee	0.30	8,400	75	72	4.7	2.8
19th	Gröbensee	6.07	353,800	538	240	15.2	5.8
20th	Small garden lake	0.40	12,000	150	54	8.1	3.0
21st	Big garden lake	7.46	371.100	434	300	13.7	5.0
22nd	Ursee	2.21	111,500	212	160	11.8	5.0
23	Lustsee	5.92	389,400	426	245	18.0	6.6
Frechensee *
24	Frechensee *	12.21	262,000	500	300	7.8	2.1
* The Frechensee does not belong to the group of the actual Osterseen, it is located 250 m west of the Lustsee and at 591 m three meters higher than it, separated from it by a railway line and road, but is included as the third part of the Osterseen nature reserve.

Islands

Schwaiger Island

Great Ostersee (islands from north to south)

• Holzau (6.1 ha, demarcation from the Breitenauerseen, reaches in several places within a few meters of the shore or is almost connected to it due to siltation)
• Marieninsel (2.3 hectares, 440 m long in north-south direction, up to 80 m wide), an Os , formerly called Aubügel , on this island there is a private house
• Steigerinsel (0.45 ha), formerly cleaning Eila
• Rose Island, not to be confused with the better known Rose Island in Lake Starnberg (0.013 ha or 130 m², actually two islets, the larger one with 100 m² and a few meters southwest of it one with 30 m²)
• Schwaigerinsel (0.75 ha, 40 meters from the west bank)

Frechensee

• Island around 20 m from the north shore (0.09 ha)
• Island around 25 m from the west bank (0.13 ha)

See also

• List of lakes in Bavaria
• List of nature reserves in the Weilheim-Schongau district
• List of landscape protection areas in the Weilheim-Schongau district

literature

At the Great Ostersee

• Franz Zorell: Contributions to the knowledge of the Upper Bavarian Easter lakes . In: Communications of the Geographical Society in Munich , Volume 33, 1940/41. Issued July 1941, pp. 19–42.
• Kathrin Kaufmann: Easter Lake Ecology ( Memento from March 14, 2006 in the Internet Archive ), Bingen University of Applied Sciences.
• Andreas von Lindeiner: Cormorants in Bavaria - Protection status in protected areas ( Memento from September 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (including the example of the Osterseen; PDF; 60 kB).
• Ralf Gerard, Brigitte Roßbeck, Egbert Greven: The Osterseen - impressions of a Bavarian lake landscape. MDH Medien 1998, ISBN 3-932460-00-6 .
• Rolf KF Meyer, Hermann Schmidt-Kaler: Walks in the history of the earth. On the trail of the Ice Age south of Munich, western part (Volume 9), Pfeil 1997, ISBN 3-931516-10-5 .
• J. Gareis: The dead ice corridors of the Bavarian Alpine foothills as a testimony to the type of ice shrinkage during the late worm age , Würzburger Geographische Arbeit , Würzburg 1978.
• Wolfgang Bludau, Ludger Feldmann: Geological, geomorphological and pollen analysis investigations into the dead ice problem in the area of ​​the Osterseen south of Seeshaupt (Starnberger See) . In: Deutsche Quartärvereinigung eV (Ed.): Ice Age and Present . Vol. 44, No. 1 , 1994, ISSN  0424-7116 , p. 114–128 , doi : 10.3285 / eg.44.1.11 ( eg-quaternary-sci-j.net [PDF; 11.5 MB ; accessed on March 20, 2020]).
• Ludger Feldmann: The Isar-Loisach Glacier from the Würme Ice Age. In: A. Ikinger (ed.): Festschrift Wolfgang Schirmer: History of the earth. In: GeoArcheoRhein , 2, Lit, Münster 1998, pp. 103-120.
• Christine Geiss: Leisure and recreation in the Osterseen nature reserve , diploma thesis TUM summary ( Memento from February 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
• Kornelia Hofmann: Decline of the aquatic reed stocks in the Osterseengebiet? Recording of important parameters for the characterization of some selected reed stands of the southern Osterseengebiet , diploma thesis TUM summary ( Memento from June 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
• Franz X. Bogner: Lake Starnberg and Würm from the air. Bayerland-Verlag, Dachau 2012, ISBN 978-3-89251-433-6 .

Web links

Commons : Osterseen  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Easter side of the municipality of Iffeldorf ( Memento from February 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
• Osterseen in the Bavarian Environmental Atlas, Bavarian State Office for the Environment
• Ice crumbling landscape Osterseen in the project "Bavaria's most beautiful geotopes"

Individual evidence

1. ↑ World Database on Protected Areas - Protection of the Osterseen and their surroundings in the municipalities of Frauenrain, Iffeldorf and Seeshaupt (English)
2. ↑ World Database on Protected Areas - Osterseen (English)
3. ↑ 8133-301 "Osterseen" nature reserve.  (FFH area) Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved November 21, 2017.
4. ↑ Osterseen in the Bavarian Environmental Atlas, Bavarian State Office for the Environment. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
5. ↑ Bavarian State Office for the Environment: Disintegration phenomena - Ice disintegration landscape Osterseen . In: Hundred Masterpieces - The Most Beautiful Geotopes of Bavaria , Augsburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-936385-89-2 , p. 240 f.
6. ↑ Gertrud Keim, Ulrich Lagally: Traces of a battle of retreat - The ice collapse landscape of the Osterseen south of Munich . In: Ernst-Rüdiger Look, Ludger Feldmann (Ed.): Fascination Geology. The important geotopes of Germany , E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-510-65219-3 , p. 154 f.
7. ↑ Kathrin Schön: GeoWandern Munich area. Alpine foothills and the Alps between Lech and Inn. 40 geographical excursions around the Bavarian capital . 1st edition. Bergverlag Rother, Munich 2017, ISBN 978-3-7633-3156-7 .
8. ↑ Rolf KF Meyer, Hermann Schmidt-Kaler: In the footsteps of the Ice Age south of Munich - eastern part (=  walks into geological history . No. 8 ). Pfeil, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-931516-09-1 .
9. ↑ Kathrin Kaufmann: Osterseenökologie ( Memento from March 14, 2006 in the Internet Archive ), University of Applied Sciences Bingen
10. ^ Andreas von Lindeiner: Cormorants in Bavaria - protection status in protected areas. ( Memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 60 kB) (e.g. using the example of the Osterseen)
11. ↑ Great Easter Lake. (PDF) In: wwa-wm.bayern.de. Water Management Office Weilheim, accessed on February 21, 2016 . 
12. ↑ ^{a b} Historical land map ( Bavarian first recording ) in the BayernAtlas

This article was added to the list of excellent articles on June 28, 2005 in this version .