List of electrical components
This article lists electrical or electronic components (also called components ) that are required for circuits in electrical engineering or electronics .
Basic building blocks
Electric lines
- Printed circuit boards
- Cables , coaxial cables
- Stripline
- Lecher line
- Superconductor
-
Waveguide
- Waveguide
- Components of antennas (antenna elements)
- Goubau management
- Circulator
Electromechanical components
Components for separating and connecting lines
- Single-phase household connector systems
- Single and multi-phase low voltage systems
- Low voltage plug
- Laboratory connectors
- Audio connectors
- Video signal connector
- High frequency connector
- Data connectors
- Telephone connectors
- Fiber optic connector
Components for the power supply
- counter
- Relay , contactor
- Circuit breaker , motor protection switch
- Zero crossing switch
- Zero voltage switch
- Reed relay
Components for frequency generation
- Quartz crystals
- Ceramic resonators
- Quartz oscillators , ( PXO , quartz furnace , TCXO , VXO , VCXO , DTCXO )
- AOW oscillators
- AOW filter
- Ceramic filter
MEMS components
-
Inertial sensors (IMU)
- MEMS rotation rate sensor
- MEMS gyroscopes
- MEMS acceleration sensors for airbags
- MEMS pressure sensors for tire pressure measurement and blood pressure measurement
-
Microfluidics
- Microdispensers ( dosing pumps )
- MEMS lab-on-a-chip for in vitro diagnostics (IVD)
- MEMS bubble jet print heads
- Optical MEMS actuators
- MEMS optical switch
- MEMS projection systems ( micromirror actuator )
- MEMS- Interferometric modulator display (digital displays)
- MEMS oscillators
- Broadcast MEMS (RF MEMS)
- MEMS microphones for smartphones , headsets , hearing aids or digital cameras
- MEMS ultrasonic transducer
- Pyroelectric MEMS sensors (PIR)
- Microbolometer
Passive components
-
resistance
- Fixed resistors
- Thin film resistor
- Thick film resistor
- Heating resistor
- Nonlinear resistances
- Variable resistances
- Potentiometer - mechanically adjustable resistance
- Fixed resistors
-
Capacitors
- Fixed capacitors
- Power capacitors
- Variable capacitors , (trimming capacitor, variable capacitor)
- Inductive components
-
Inductance (component) ,
- Chip inductance, micro-inductance
- Coil (electrical engineering) ,
- Air coil , toroidal coil , ignition coil , voice coil , moving coil , Helmholtz coil
- Throttle (electrical engineering)
- Transformers
- Magnets
-
Inductance (component) ,
- Other passive components
- Gas discharge tube , spark gap (protective elements against overvoltage)
- electric lamps and radiation sources
- Memristor
Energy sources in the strict sense
- Galvanic cell , galvanic element
- Fuel cell
- Electric generator
- Solar cell
- Peltier element as a thermoelectric generator
- Daniell element , a special galvanic cell
Active components
Tubes
- Nullode , electrodeless gas discharge tube
- Tube diode , two-pole tube
- Triode tube , the simplest amplifier tube ( anode , grid, cathode )
- Tetrode - tube with two grids
- Pentode - tube with three grids (screen, control and braking grid)
- Hexode - tube with four grids (control and braking grid, two screen grids)
- Braun's tube: cathode ray tube
- X-ray tube
- Klystron
- Krytron
- Magnetron
- Secondary electron multiplier
- Photomultiplier
- Thyratron
- Excitron
- Ignitron
- Senditron
- Mercury vapor rectifier
- Composite tube
- Voting indicator tube
- Nixie tube - tube for displaying various characters (digits)
Discrete semiconductors and power semiconductors
-
Diodes (except optoelectronics)
- Avalanche diode
- Backward diode
- Rectifier
- Capacitance diode
- Schottky diode
- Suppressor diode
- Tunnel diode
- Zener diode (also Z diode or limiter diode)
- Gun diodes
-
Transistors
- Transistors based on a potential effect:
- Bipolar transistors
-
Bipolar transistor (Engl. Bipolar junction transistor , BJT)
- Point-contact transistor (Engl. Point-contact transistor )
- Darlington transistor (engl. Darlington transistor or Darlington amplifier )
- pulled transistor (also "growth transistor ", English grown-junction transistor )
-
Alloy-junction transistor (Engl. Alloy junction transistor )
- Microalloying transistor (Engl. Micro-alloy transistor , MAT)
- Drift transistor (Engl. Drift transistor ), also: ( drift-field transistor , DFT) or ( graded-base transistor )
-
Surface junction transistor (Engl. Surface barrier transistor )
- MAD transistor ( micro-alloy diffused transistor , MADT)
-
Diffusion transistor (engl. Diffusion transistor ), introduced by diffusion doping, both BJT and FET ****** PAD transistor (engl. Post-alloy diffused transistor , PADT)
- Mesatransistor (Engl. Mesa transistor )
- Schottky transistor (engl. Schottky transistor )
- " Diffused base transistor "
-
Bipolar power transistor (Engl. Bipolar power transistor )
- Bipolar transistor with insulated gate electrode (English insulated-gate bipolar transistor , IGBT)
- heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT or HBJT)
- double-heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT)
- tunneling emitter bipolar transistor
-
Avalanche transistor (Engl. Avalanche transistor ), actually (Engl. Avalanche bipolar transistor ) (ABT)
- V-groove insulated-gate avalanche transistor (VIGAT)
-
Bipolar transistor (Engl. Bipolar junction transistor , BJT)
-
tunneling hot electron transfer amplifier (THETA)
-
metal-base transistor
-
metal-insulator-metal-insulator-metal (MIMIM) transistor
- metal-oxide metal-oxide-metal (MOMOM) transistor
-
metal-insulator-metal-semiconductor (MIMS) transistor
- metal-oxide-metal-semiconductor (MOMS) transistor
- semiconductor-metal-semiconductor transistor (SMST) transistor
-
metal-insulator-pn (MIp-n) transistor
- metal-oxide-pn (mop-n) transistor
-
metal-insulator-metal-insulator-metal (MIMIM) transistor
- hot electron transistor (THETA)
-
metal-base transistor
-
planar doped barrier transistor
- camel transistor
- field-effect hot-electron transistor
-
real space transfer transistor (RSTT),
- negative-resistance field-effect transistor (NERFET),
- charge-injection transistor (CHINT)
-
bipolar inversion-channel field-effect transistor (BICFET).
- bulk-barrier transistor, bulk unipolar transistor
- heterojunction hot-electron transistor
- induced-base transistor
- resonant tunneling hot electron transistor (RHET)
- quantum-well-base resonant-tunneling transistor (QWBRTT)
- Multiemitter transistor
- Spacistor
- tunnel-emitter transistor (TETRAN)
-
inversion-base bipolar transistor
- surface-oxide transistor
- resonant tunneling bipolar transistor (RTBTIRBT)
- Bipolar transistors
-
Field effect transistor (engl. Field-effect transistor , FET) transistors, which are based on a field effect
- Field-effect transistor without insulated gate (English non-insulated gate field-effect transistor , NIGFET )
-
Misfet (Engl. Insulated gate field-effect transistor , IGFET )
-
Metal-insulator-semiconductor field effect transistor (engl. Metal insulator field-effect transistor Semi-Conductor , MISFET )
- Metal-oxide- semiconductor field-effect transistor (English metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor , MOSFET )
- Floating gate transistor (engl. Floating-gate transistor )
- Organic field-effect transistor (Engl. Organic field-effect transistor , OFET)
- Thin film transistor (Engl. Thin film transistor , TFT)
- metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor (MOST)
- Double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor (DMOS) transistor
- Hexagonal field-effect transistor (HEXFET)
- V-groove (or vertical) metal-oxide-semiconductor (VMOS) transistor
- U-groove metal-oxide-semiconductor (UMOS) transistor
- Gate-controlled diode
-
Multigate field-effect transistors ( multiple gate device field-effect transistor )
- FinFET
- (English dual gate field-effect transistor )
- ( trigate transistors )
- (engl. tetrode transistor )
- (English pentode transistor )
- Power MOSFET
- Carbon nanotube field effect transistor
- fast-recovery epitaxial diode field-effect transistor (FREDFET) also known as fast-reverse epitaxial diode field-effect transistor
- Environment-controlled field effect transistors
- Isfet (Engl. Ion-sensitive field effect transistor , ISFET)
- electrolyte-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (EOSFET)
- deoxyribonucleic acid field-effect transistor ( DNAFET )
- Phototransistor (Engl. Phototransistor )
- Enzyme field effect transistor (Engl. Enzyme field-effect transistor , ENFET)
- pressure-sensitive field-effect transistor (PRESSFET)
- Radiation sensing field-effect transistor (RADFET)
-
Metal-insulator-semiconductor field effect transistor (engl. Metal insulator field-effect transistor Semi-Conductor , MISFET )
-
modulation-doped field-effect transistor (MODFET),
also known as: high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT), two-dimensional electron-gas field-effect transistor (TEGFET), selectively-doped heterojunction transistor (SDHT) or heterojunction field -effect transistor (HFET)- inverted heterojunction field-effect transistor (inverted MODFET)
- planar-doped (delta-doped, pulse-doped) heterojunction field-effect transistor
- single-quantum-well heterojunction field-effect transistor , double-heterojunction field-effect transistor (DHFET)
- superlattice heterojunction field-effect transistor
- pseudomorphic heterojunction field-effect transistor (PMHFET)
- heterojunction insulated-gate field-effect transistor (HIGFET)
- semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor (SISFET)
- doped-channel heterojunction field-effect transistor
- permeable-base transistor (PBT)
- static induction transistor (SIT)
- lateral resonant tunneling field-effect transistor (LRTFET)
- Stark-effect transistor
- velocity modulation transistor (VMT).
- Other transistor types:
- Diffusion transistor (engl. Diffusion transistor ), introduced by diffusion doping, both BJT and FET
- Single electron transistor (Engl. Single-electron transistor , SET)
-
Power transistor
- bipolar power transistor (Power BJT)
- Power field effect transistor (Power MOSFET)
- Unijunction transistor (engl. Unijunction transistor , UJT)
- Spin transistor (English spin field effect transistor , spin FET)
- nanofluidic transistor
- Atomic transistor
- ballistic transistor
- Y transistor
- Transistors based on a potential effect:
- Four-layer components
- Diac
- Triac
- Semiconductors with special properties
Integrated Circuits (ICs)
- According to business model:
- ASIC
- ASSP
- Standard modules, see for example Commercial off-the-shelf
- According to the complexity:
- SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI etc. (see degree of integration )
- System-on-a-chip
- By function:
- ROM , PROM (readable memories only)
- RAM ( DRAM , SRAM ), EPROM , EEPROM , Flash-EPROM (readable and writable memory)
- Microcontroller , microprocessor ( CPU ), digital signal processor (DSP)
- Floating point unit , memory management unit (MMU)
- Graphics processor
- Chipset
- Generic Array Logic (GAL), Programmable Array Logic (PAL), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)
- Logic gate , gate array
- Operational amplifier
- Voltage regulator , switching regulator
- Digital-to-analog converter , analog-to-digital converter
- multiplexer
Optoelectronic components
- Laser diode
- light emitting diode
- Photoelectric barrier
-
Photo semiconductors
- Photoresistor
- Semiconductor radiation detectors
- Photo elements
- Phototransistor
- Photothyristor (optothyristor)
- Optocoupler , solid-state relay
- CCD sensors , CMOS sensors , image sensors
- Fiber optic cable (LWL)
- Thin film transistor (TFT)
- OLED
Actuators
- Digital micromirror device , see micromirror actuator
- Grating Light Valve
- Electromagnet
- Electric motor
- speaker
- Liquid crystal display (LCD)
- various components that the piezoelectric effect use
Sensors
(except photo semiconductors)
- Hall sensor
- Field plate
- SQUID
- microphone
- Thermocouple
- NAMUR sensors
- various components which the piezo effect use
- various components that use the capacitor principle
Modules, systems
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter A. Schmitt (Ed.): Langenscheidts technical dictionary technology and applied sciences. English German. 2nd, edited edition. Langenscheidt Fachverlag, Berlin [a. a.] 2004, ISBN 3-86117-227-5 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ Erdmann F. Schubert, Albrecht Fischer, Klaus Ploog: The delta-doped field-effect transistor (δFET). In: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. Vol. 33, No. 5, 1986, pp. 625-632, doi : 10.1109 / T-ED.1986.22543 .
- ↑ Kwok K. Ng: A survey of semiconductor devices. In: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. Vol. 43, No. 10, 1996, pp. 1760-1766, doi : 10.1109 / 16.536822 .
- ↑ Stanislas Teszner, R. Gicquel: Gridistor - A new field-effect device. In: Proceedings of the IEEE. Vol. 52, No. 12, 1964, pp. 1502-1513, doi : 10.1109 / PROC.1964.3439 .
- ↑ Stephen Y. Chou, James S. Harris Jr., R. Fabian W. Pease: Lateral resonant tunneling field-effect transistor. In: Applied Physics Letters . Vol. 52, No. 23, 1988, pp. 1982-1984, doi : 10.1063 / 1.99656 .