Murat (Cantal)

Murat
region	Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Department	Cantal
Arrondissement	Saint-Flour
Canton	Murat
Community association	Hautes Terres
Coordinates	45 ° 7 '  N , 2 ° 52'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 7 '  N , 2 ° 52'  E
height	868-1,360 m
surface	20.26 km 2
Residents	1,878 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	93 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	15300
INSEE code	15138
Website	www.murat.fr

Murat is a commune with 1,878 inhabitants (as of January 1 2017) in the Cantal in the region of Auvergne Rhône-Alpes ; it belongs to the arrondissement of Saint-Flour and the canton of Murat .

Community structure

District	former INSEE code	Area (km²)	Altitude (m)	Population (2016)
Chastel-sur-Murat	15044	13.79	1000-1360	.0116
Murat (administrative headquarters)00	15138	06.47	868-1163	1,799

geography

Murat lies in the valley of the Alagnon , crouches below the western foothills of the Monts du Cantal . The place is surrounded by three basalt rocks, remains of old volcanic chimneys, the Rocher de Bredons, de Bonnevie and de Chastel.

history

10th to 17th centuries

Due to its location, Murat developed from the 10th century and became prosperous in the 12th and 13th centuries. In the 14th century Murat was a fortified city: under the protection of its walls, there was a lively city at an important traffic junction. At the time, each of the three volcanic cones was equipped with a fortress.

Murat was owned by the English during the Hundred Years War , then by the Counts of Armagnac , the House of Savoy and the Bourbons . In 1633, Richelieu had the imposing castle on the Roche de Bonnevie, which had belonged to the Murat, Cardaillac and Armagnac families, razed, which took six months.

Second World War

Hamburg, Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial: Memorial grove, memorial for the deported and murdered maquisards from Murat (Cantal)

During the Second World War , Murat was a stronghold of the Resistance . The old town, the Place de l'Hôtel de Ville and the Place du Balat were the scene of dramatic events in 1944: on June 12, the Germans carried out interrogations and arrests in the town. Around 3 p.m., a group of 75 resistance fighters broke into the city and opened fire, which also killed the SD Hauptsturmführer and head of the Gestapo South of France, Hugo Geissler, who headed the SD task force in the Vichy regime . At dusk the Germans withdrew towards Saint-Flour with 13 dead and 3 fallen militiamen. They came back on June 24th to "clean up" the city. They searched the houses, of which they destroyed 10, and arrested 119 residents, of whom 107 were deported. Only 34 of them survived.

The French from Murat were deported via Compiègne to Neuengamme concentration camp and most of them were deployed in the Bremen-Farge satellite camp. At the beginning of June 2012, a memorial was unveiled in the Neuengamme concentration camp memorial that was donated by the city of Murat to commemorate the events in Murat and to commemorate the deported and deceased residents there. The basalt columns from Murat commemorate the maquisards from Murat (Cantal) who were deported and murdered to Neuengamme concentration camp and its satellite camps in July 1944. A total of 75 of 103 men died in the concentration camp

21st century

On January 1, 2017, the municipality of Chastel-sur-Murat with the districts Chastel-sur-Murat, Brugiroux, Brujaleine, Entremont, La Chevade, La Denterie, Le Moulin de Brujaleine, L'Haut-Mur and Le Lapsou were incorporated into Murat .

Population development

local community	Population (Census)
	1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2008	2011	2013	2016
Chastel-sur-Murat	176	153	126	106	100	96	125	133	133	122	116
Murat	2,438	2,587	2,605	2,435	2,409	2.153	2,077	2,045	1,947	1,893	1,799
Murat	2,614	2,740	2,731	2,541	2,509	2,249	2,202	2,178	2,080	2.015	1.915
Source: Cassini and INSEE

The (total) population of the municipality of Murat was determined by adding up the municipalities that were independent until the end of 2016.

Attractions

• 

  The Maison de la Faune

• 

  Organs at Rocher de Bonnevie

• 

  Portal of the church on the Rocher de Bredons

• The medieval old town. Murat still owns many houses from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance , including seven protected buildings that are included in the list of Monuments historiques :
  • The Collegiate Church of Notre-Dame des Oliviers (Place Gandilhon-Gens-d'Armes) dates from the 13th and 14th centuries and has been expanded again and again in the following years.
  • The market hall (opposite the collegiate church) with its metal roof structure (19th century)
  • The former Bailiwick (Place Gandilhon-Gens-d'Armes): from the 16th century with a masonry made of volcanic stones grouted with lime
  • The Renaissance House (Place Marchande)
  • The Tribunal (Rue du Faubourg Notre-Dame), the former Dominican convent of Sainte-Catherine de Sienne, burned down in 1771 and then rebuilt
  • The consulate house (rue du faubourg Notre-Dame) with a facade from the end of the 15th century.
  • The Ferme de la Pradal
• The Maison de la faune, a former private house from the 17th century that now houses a natural history museum.

Parish partnership

• Olonne-sur-Mer (France)

literature

• Patrick Cabanel: "Chère Mademoiselle ...". Alice Ferrières et les enfants cachés de Murat, 1941–1944. Préface de Mona Ozouf . Calmann-Lévy, Paris 2010, ISBN 978-2-7021-3978-3 .
• Katharina Hertz-Eichenrode: "Retaliation Actions" in Murat, Meensel-Kiezegem and Putten. In: Oliver von Wrochem (Ed.): Repressalien und Terror. Paderborn 2017, ISBN 978-3-506-78721-7 , pp. 172–190.
• Christel Trouve: Nobody dared to ask the survivors - the family transmission of memories of the raid in Murat. In: Oliver von Wrochem (Ed.): Repressalien und Terror. Paderborn 2017, ISBN 978-3-506-78721-7 , pp. 191-202.

Web links

Commons : Murat  - collection of images

• City website
• Office you tourisme

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Population figures retrospectively from January 1, 2016
2. ↑ Main liaison staff 588 in Clermont-Ferrand: War diary, p. 25 u. 41. (PDF retrieved from the US-Library of Congress) In: Trial of the Major War Criminals November 14, 1945 - October 1, 1946. International Military Tribunal Nuremberg, June 25, 1944, retrieved May 16, 2020 . 
3. ↑ (fr) Antoine Sauret, Robert Navarre: L'indicible horreur du calvaire des déportés. (Title translated: The indescribable horror of the suffering of the deportees). En: Cantal Ouvrier et Paysan, May 1965. ( Memento from March 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
4. ↑ Klaus Witzeling: Landmarks, historically. In: Hamburger Abendblatt , from May 29, 2012, supplement Museumswelt Hamburg, spring 2012, p. 16.
5. ↑ Senator inaugurates memorial for deportees from Murat. In: Bergedorfer Zeitung , June 7, 2012.
6. ↑ Troubled times in Murat
7. ^ Review of the book "Chère Mademoiselle ..." in French
8. ↑ Ferrières was a math teacher at the town's girls' high school. She helped to hide Jewish children in the area and to teach them in hiding. The helpers saved the children from the Germans, from extermination. Ferrières was the first French woman to be honored as Righteous Among the Nations in 1964, the second person of this nationality at all. She was the sister-in-law of Jean Cavaillès . Marthe Cambou (Barnet), who was also involved, received this honor in 2004. Marie Sagnier (1898–1996) was also particularly involved as director of the school and was therefore honored in 1985. At Clermont-l'Hérault , Sagnier's later place of work, there is also a local memorial and a commemorative plaque ( memento of the original from July 7, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.