Oeiras

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Oeiras
coat of arms map
Coat of arms of Oeiras
Oeiras (Portugal)
Oeiras
Basic data
Region : Lisboa
Sub-region : Lisbon metropolitan area
District : Lisbon
Concelho : Oeiras
Freguesia : Oeiras e São Julião da Barra
Coordinates : 38 ° 42 ′  N , 9 ° 19 ′  W Coordinates: 38 ° 42 ′  N , 9 ° 19 ′  W
Oeiras district
flag map
Flag of Oeiras Location of the Oeiras district
Residents: 172,120 (as of June 30, 2011)
Surface: 45.87 km² (as of January 1, 2010)
Population density : 3752 inhabitants per km²
Number of municipalities : 5
administration
Administration address: Câmara Municipal de Oeiras
Largo Marquês de Pombal
2784–501 Oeiras
President of the Câmara Municipal: Isaltino Morais ( IOMAF - Isaltino Oeiras Mais à Frente)
Website: www.cm-oeiras.pt

Oeiras is a small town ( Vila ) in the west of the greater Lisbon area in Portugal and the name of one of the nine districts of the Grande Lisboa sub-region . It is located in the Lisbon region and in the Lisbon district . Around 35,000 people live in the small town. Although it is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Portugal, Oeiras is still officially listed in the "Vila" category.

The district covers an area of ​​45.84 km² with 172,120 inhabitants (2011) with 5 municipalities. The city lies on the right bank of the mouth of the Tagus , the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula, and is to the north by the districts of Sintra and Amadora , to the east by Lisbon , to the west by Cascais and on the south coast by the Tagus estuary into the Atlantic separated from Almada .

Oeiras is a 15-minute drive from Lisbon and is close to the beaches of Estoril and Sintra. The region has a temperate maritime climate that is ideal for outdoor activities and beach use.

Communities

Oeiras district
local community Population
(2011) 		Area
km² 		Density of
population / km² 		LAU
code
Algés, Linda-a-Velha e Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo 48,665 7.18 6,775 111012
Barcarena 13,861 9.01 1,538 111002
Carnaxide e Queijas 36,288 8.81 4.118 111013
Oeiras e São Julião da Barra, Paço de Arcos e Caxias 58,149 13.53 4,297 111014
Porto Salvo 15,157 7.34 2,064 111009
Oeiras district 172.120 45.87 3,752 1110

Adjacent circles

The neighboring areas are (starting clockwise from the north):

history

Due to the climate, the abundance of water, the nature of the soil and the location at the mouth of the Tejo delta, the region was already populated by people in early history . An example of this is the Castro of Leceia (a listed building since 1963), whose archaeological excavations have discovered accommodations from the Copper Age .

Several documents from the Roman imperial period can be found in the circle, for example the Rua das Alcássimas and the Roman bridge in Oeiras from this era. There are also traces of the Moorish rule , especially with regard to place names such as Alcássimas , Algés , Alpendroado , Quinta da Moura and others. After the 'reconquest' of the country , at the time of the great discoveries by Portuguese seafarers , Oeiras developed into an industrial center. This led to the powder factory in the municipality of Barcarena and the quarries and the construction of limestone kilns in Paço de Arcos . Fortifications were built along the coast to defend and monitor shipping traffic at the mouth of the Tagus.

Establishment of the county

Quinta do Marquês de Pombal

Oeiras got its town charter in 1759 by King Joseph I of Portugal by decree awarded. In gratitude for the work of his First Minister Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello after the earthquake , he was appointed Conde de Oeiras. Although the city's origins go back to the 12th century (1147) and the area has been inhabited since prehistoric times, it was mainly through his work that the social and economic upswing was promoted. In 1770 he had Portugal's first industrial and agricultural fair held in Oeiras, possibly the first in Europe. Although this fair was of national importance, he built a port for fishermen as well as customs and trading posts at the municipal level. One of the most important legacies of this period, the Quinta do Marques de Pombal , which is almost preserved in its original form with gardens, the palace, the agricultural part ( wine and barn ) and a part of the manor , now called the Institute of Bioinformatics used become.

The county was dissolved in 1894, but restored on January 13, 1898, losing Carcavelos in favor of Cascais ; However, part of the municipality of Benfica was acquired , which corresponds approximately to the current area of ​​the district.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, several castles and estates for recreation and agriculture were built. Grain and wine in particular went to Lisbon as important trading goods.

With the emergence of new industries and the inauguration of the steam train connection Lisbon-Cascais, the agricultural importance of Oeiras declined. Factories emerged mainly in the field of paper production and in the form of the foundry in Oeiras.

20th century

At the transition from the 19th to the 20th century, the local leisure activities for the Portuguese elite developed towards swimming. At the beginning of the 20th century, for example, the beaches were visited all the more frequently by members of the “higher class” when a doctor attributed the healing properties of the water and air there. With the construction of a road from Lisbon to Cascais and the advent of new vehicles, the establishment as a tourist destination strengthened, so that the city expanded to the beach, where villas and chalets were built for recreation. At the same time, the economic importance of Lisbon increased, which triggered a strong immigration from the countryside and the surrounding counties; also in Oeiras, from where Lisbon is easily accessible. From 1940/1950 Oeiras was influenced by the growth of the capital as a transit point between Lisbon and Cascais and later as a kind of suburb, with the emergence of slums by illegal immigrants in the 1970s. By 1980 it developed into a place with no further perspective and it became financially dependent. From the late 1980s, however, Oeiras succeeded in establishing locations as an independent economic circle in the Lisbon district in the tertiary sector, in science and research as well as information technology and communication.

Currently, the province with the highest standard of living in Portugal is no longer just a transit point between Lisbon and Cascais. Oeiras is used as a venue for lectures (for example the Taguspark as the largest institute for science and technology in Portugal and the Lagoas Park) as well as the provision of services. The high quality of life has brought Oeiras a number of awards in recent years, such as "Melhor Concelho para trabalhar", "Município por excelência", "European Entreprise Awards" and the "ECOXXI".

Population development (district) from 1801

Evolucao demografica de Oeiras.jpg

Oeiras and the surrounding districts had the strongest population growth during the change from the first to the second half of the last century. In 1948 the ' Plano de Urbanização da Costa do Sol (PUCS) ' was adopted, which remained in force until 1994, and was replaced by the ' Plano Director Municipal '. Currently 52.6% of the population are female, 47.4% male. The largest population group by age is between 25 and 64 years old (92,978 inh.), Followed by the group aged 65 and over (24,153) and those in the range between 0 and 14 years (22,685).

Population development in Oeiras County (1801–2008)
1801 1849 1900 1930 1960 1981 1991 2001 2008
6,069 5,072 10,447 29,440 94,255 149,328 151,342 162.128 172.021

economy

technology

Tagus Park

Oeiras is one of the most developed circles. It is home to multinational companies such as Nestlé , Microsoft , NetJets , General Electric , HP , Unisys , Toshiba , Philips , GlaxoSmithKline , LG and others. Around 30% of Portugal's research and development activities are concentrated in the district . In 2003 the companies based in Oeiras had a turnover of around 18 billion euros. Oeiras claims for itself (like other high-tech regions), due to the Taguspark and the high dynamism of the business, the title Silicon Valley of Europe .

The district's commercial areas include:

  • Quinta da Fonte
  • Parque Suécia
  • Parque Holanda

research

In addition to the industrial and technological areas, Oeiras has these scientific research institutes:

Corporations and banks

with headquarters in Oeiras County

Planning and perspective

In the future, it is expected that more companies will settle in Oeiras, which should improve know-how in the region through cooperation between universities and companies. An example of this model is working together to leverage synergies from both the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Harvard University and the county’s business community.

Trade and services

The Oeiras Parque shopping center opened in 1998 in the municipality of Paço de Arcos . The Seaside wholesale stores and the Allegro shopping center in Carnaxide / Alfragide recently opened . The historic center of Paço de Arcos aims to promote trade and services. In 2008, the largest department store (Mestre Maco) of the Portuguese home improvement chain Izi opened near Oeiras Parque. In the city of Oeiras, which is in the process of restructuring, the first HK (Happy Kids) Gift chain opened in 2008 opposite the church, which is a sign of change. The restoration of the Egyptian Palace and its reopening in 2009 created a new meeting place for cultural events. The modernized reconstruction of the market is also being planned.

Shopping centers

  • Palmeiras Shopping in Oeiras
  • Galerias Alto da Barra in Oeiras
  • Oeiras Parque in Paço de Arcos
  • Dolce Vita Miraflores in Algés
  • Central Parque in Linda-a-Velha
  • Allegro Alfragide in Carnaxide

Shopping streets

The busiest shopping streets in Oeiras are in the municipalities of Oeiras, Paço de Arcos and Algés:

  • Oeiras Municipality - Historic Center (Largo 05 de Outubro - Church, Rua Cândido dos Reis, Rua Febus Moniz, Rua 07 de Junho)
  • Parish of Paço de Arcos
  • Center of Algés

Culture

Monuments

The main attractions in Oeiras are listed below. The number of fortifications along the coast of Oeiras is noteworthy. These were built during the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries to defend the county and control shipping along the banks and mouth of the Tagus :

Forte de Nossa Senhora de Porto Salvo
  • Bateria da Feitoria in Oeiras e São Julião da Barra
  • Forte de São Bruno de Caxias in Caxias
  • Forte de São João das Maias in Oeiras e São Julião da Barra
  • Forte de São Julião da Barra in Oeiras e São Julião da Barra
  • Forte de Nossa Senhora das Mercês de Catalazete in Oeiras e São Julião da Barra
  • Forte de Nossa Senhora de Porto Salvo (ou da Giribita) in Paço de Arcos
  • Forte de Sao Pedro de Paço de Arcos in Paço de Arcos
  • Forte de Santo Amaro do Areeiro in Oeiras e São Julião da Barra
  • Forte de São Lourenço do Bugio in Oeiras e São Julião da Barra

The churches and religious orders were also important for the development of the community, as the population settled in their vicinity. The church of Oeiras is located in the old town, which dominates the center and the surrounding area. The first evidence of the church can be found in the 16th century, but the expansion did not take place until the 18th century. The main facade has two bell towers, the door is dated to 1744. The chapel Capela do Senhor Jesus dos Navegantes , which is located in the old town of Paço de Arcos, is the religious center of the district. Construction began before 1698, but became the property of São José Hospital from 1782 before being rebuilt and consecrated again in 1877. The procession Senhor Jesus dos Navegantes currently takes place there in the last week of August .

Also worth mentioning are:

  • Capela de Nossa Senhora das Merçes
  • Capela de Santo Amaro de Oeiras
  • Capela de Nossa Senhora de Porto Salvo
  • Igreja de S. Pedro de Barcarena
  • Capela de S. Sebastião
  • Igreja de S. Romão
  • Santuário de Nossa Senhora da Rocha, em Queijas

The county is also rich in other structures, including:

Entrance to the Palácio Ribamar in Algés
  • Palácio Ribamar in Algés
  • Palácio do Marquês de Pombal in Oeiras
  • Palácio dos Arcos in Paço de Arcos
  • Quinta Real de Caxias in Caxias
  • Quinta da Terrugem in Paço de Arcos
  • Convento de S.José de Ribamar in Algés
  • Palácio Anjos in Algés
  • Palácio do Egipto in Oeiras
  • Palácio Bessone in Paço de Arcos
  • Quinta dos Aciprestes in Linda-a-Velha
  • The House of Cesário Verde in Queijas
  • Casa da Pesca na Estação Agronómica Nacional in Oeiras

Museums

Public facilities

Due to the concern that more green areas will be missing in the district due to further development of the landscape, Oeiras offers citizens the opportunity to apply for plants for the apartment / house free of charge. One of the most important gardens is Quinta Real , near Caxias, which was laid out and cultivated from the 18th to the beginning of the 19th century. The garden is defined by a geometric grid. The Park of the Poets in Oeiras is a 10 hectare garden with several squares, themed gardens, with sculptures of writers, a football field, a playground, a multi-purpose sports field, an amphitheater and a cyber fountain with water features. The garden of the Palácio do Marquês de Pombal is also open to the public. In addition, Oeiras has a 3.5 km long beach promenade for sporting activities and walks as well as the Estádio Nacional , where the final of the Portugal Cup usually also takes place.

Theaters and concert halls

  • Amélia Rey Colaço Theater in Algés
  • Eunice Munoz room in Oeiras
  • Lourdes Norberto room in Linda-a-Velha
  • Ruy de Carvalho room in Carnaxide

gastronomy

The local specialties are Queijada de Oeiras and the liqueur wine Carcavelos , which is produced in the delimited region protected by the name. The liqueur wine is marketed and controlled under VLQPRD (Vin de Liqueur de Qualité Produit dans une Région déterminée) and DOC (pt.) (Denominação de Origem Controlada). It should take at least two years to mature in order to obtain the characteristic aroma.

Events

festival

In 2009 the Offf Festival (International Festival for the Post-Digital Creation Culture) took place in the Fundição de Oeiras (old foundry of Oeiras) .

Sports

The Estádio Nacional Do Jamor is located in the Oeiras district . It is located on the Jamor River in the Cruz Quebrada - Dafundo municipality .

Soccer

The final of the Portugal Cup has been played in this stadium since 1946 ; The game was given to other venues five times. In 1967 it was the venue for the final in the Cup of National Champions between Celtic Glasgow and Inter Milan . The winners from Glasgow went down in football history as the “ Lisbon Lions ”. For safety reasons, no international football matches are currently being played in the stadium.

tennis

The stadium is also the venue for the two professional tennis tournaments ATP Oeiras (men) and WTA Oeiras (women), up to and including 2012, “Estoril Open”.

Infrastructure and traffic

SATU monorail in Oeiras

With regard to the road layout, Oeiras is easily accessible. It is connected to the A5 Autoestrada and the Estrada Nacional 149-3 .

The Linha de Cascais connects the city with Lisbon and Cascais. There are a total of six train stations and stops in the city: Algés , Cruz Quebrada , Caxias , Paço de Arcos , Santo Amaro and Oeiras . The bus network, maintained by the Vimeca company , connects the city with the neighboring towns.

The city has an innovative means of transport, the SATU (Sistema Automático de Transporte Urbano) , a monorail that will automatically and ecologically connect the historic center of Paço de Arcos with the Parque dos Poetas . In the current, first expansion stage, the line connects the center of Paço de Arcos with the Oeiras Park Shopping Center (Estação do Forum).

The implementation of the project has many opponents, especially among the residents of the route. The main points of criticism are the noise that is generated that the route passes close to the residents' windows and thereby also blocks the unobstructed view of the sea, that green spaces are destroyed and the driverless cabins are perceived as ghost trains . The opposition in the city council continues to cite the high maintenance costs with low utilization.

Town twinning

sons and daughters of the town

The painter Mário Eloy
Marcos Chuva at the U23 European Championship 2011 in Ostrava

  • Carlos Craveiro Lopes (1852)

  • António Alonso Martinez (2013)

  • César Batalha, bust in Oeiras

  • Camané (2008)

  • Cassapo (2012)

  • Sérgio Paulinho at the Critérium du Dauphiné 2010

  • João Eleutério with his band Cindy Kat in Lux , 2006

Web links

Commons : Oeiras (Portugal)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ www.ine.pt - indicator resident population by place of residence and sex; Decennial in the database of the Instituto Nacional de Estatística
  2. ↑ Overview of code assignments from Freguesias on epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
  3. ↑ Estação eneolítica de Leceia. In: Pesquisa Geral - Pesquisa do Patrimonio. Direção Geral do Património Cultural , accessed March 23, 2018 (Portuguese).
  4. ^ Johannes Beck: Lisbon & surroundings. Travel Guide. Michael Müller Verlag, 2015, ISBN 978-3-9565-4261-9 , limited preview in the Google book search
  5. ↑ Ribeiro, Aquilino (1993). Oeiras. Queluz: Câmara Municipal de Oeiras (3ª edição) (Portuguese)
  6. ↑ Taguspark website ( Memento of July 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (English), accessed on January 28, 2010
  7. ^ Report on the start of the Harvard program. ITQL - Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (English) accessed on January 29, 2010.
  8. ↑ Website of the car museum in Paço de Arcos ( Memento of February 9, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (Portuguese), accessed on February 4, 2010
  9. ↑ Municípios Portugueses: Geminações de Cidades e Vilas , accessed on January 7, 2018.