Russkoye (Kaliningrad)
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Russkoye
Germau Русское
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Russkoje ( Russian Русское , German Germau ) is a place in the Russian Federation . It is located in the Kaliningrad region and belongs to the local government unit Stadtkreis Selenogradsk in Zelenogradsky District .
Geographical location
Russkoje is 34 kilometers northwest of the city of Kaliningrad (Königsberg) and five kilometers southeast of Jantarny (Palmnicken) on the regional road 27A-013 (ex A192 ). Municipal roads 27K-367 from Pokrovskoje (Sorgenau) lead to Russkoye from the west and 27K-101 from Shatrovo (Weidehnen) from the east. Russkoje is a train station on the no longer used railway line from Primorsk (Fischhausen) on the former East Prussian Southern Railway via Donskoje (Groß Dirschkeim) to Lesnoje (Warnicken) , the terminus of the former Samland Railway .
history
The founding year of the large parish village formerly called Germau is considered to be 1258, the year the region was taken over by the Prussians by the Teutonic Order . On June 13, 1874 was Germau seat and the eponymous site of a newly built administrative district that existed until 1945 and for district Fischhausen to 1945, from 1939 to the district Samland in the administrative district of Konigsberg the Prussian province of East Prussia belonged. In 1910, 683 inhabitants were registered in Germau.
On September 30, 1928, the rural community of Germau merged with the rural community of Krattlau (today in Russian: Sytschowo) and the estate districts of Kirpehnen (Powarowka) and Trulick (no longer existent) and Sacherau (Morosowka, previously Gauten district ) to form the new rural community of Germau. The number of inhabitants in this growing municipality rose to 1148 by 1933 and was 1142 in 1939.
As a result of the Second World War , Germau came to the Soviet Union with northern East Prussia in 1945 . The place was given the Russian name Russkoje in 1947 and was assigned to the village soviet Yantarski selski Sowet in Primorsk Raion at the same time . Later the place came into the Powarowski selski Sowet . From 2005 to 2015 Russkoye belonged to the rural municipality of Krasnotorovskoye selskoje posselenije and since then to the city district of Zelenogradsk.
District of Germau (1874–1945)
In the years from 1874 to 1945, Germau was the central place of an administrative district that initially consisted of six rural communities (LG) or manor districts (GB):
| German name | Russian name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Germau (LG) | Russkoye | |
| Kirpehnen (GB) | Powarowka | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Germau |
| Krattlau (LG) | Sychovo | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Germau |
| Lengniethen (LG) | Shchorsovo | |
| Trulick (GB) | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Germau | |
| Willkau (LG) | Yenisevo | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Lengniethen |
Due to the structural changes, only the two communities Germau and Lengniethen belonged to the district of Germau on January 1, 1945.
Germau Castle
As early as 1230, the Prussian castle Girmowe was mentioned in a document in connection with an arsenal located here . The Prussians living here were attacked in the winter of 1252/1253 by the knights of the Teutonic Order under the Commander of Christburg (now in Polish: Dzierzgoń) Heinrich Stange , but in vain: Stange died here. Only under King Ottokar II of Bohemia did the conquest succeed and the land was taken over by the order in 1258.
In the Germau area, the Prussians probably offered little resistance, because especially many “honorable Prussians” were enfeoffed with land and given privileges. In 1831 there were around 360 Prussian free goods in the Fischhausen district .
After the Prussian uprising was put down, the order built or renewed a wood and earth weir system on the site of the Prussian castle around 1270. It was supposed to become the main arsenal in western Samland.
Between 1330 and 1340 the single-wing stone castle was expanded to the west of the old fortifications. The south wing of the quadrangular complex contained the dining room , the castle chapel as well as office and living rooms. The south wing was later converted into a parish church and expanded. To the west of the church was the entrance to the castle, to which the path initially led through the outer bailey. During the city war (1454–1466) the castle was damaged during attacks. It was no longer defensible in 1507 and even lost its importance at the beginning of the 16th century. While the amber master and the amber chamber resided here from 1581 (previously in Lochstädt Castle , today in Russian: Pawlowo), they moved to Palmnicken (Jantarny) in 1693 . The castle began to fall into ruin. Today only the wall of the former castle chapel as the apse of the parish church remains in ruins.
church
Church building
The Germau Church was a field and brick building that emerged from the chapel of the former order castle built around 1270 through an extension and expansion and received its characteristic tower in 1565. While the castle was later demolished, the church with its three-span cross vault was preserved and was a Protestant church until 1945 . The Second World War caused severe damage to the building. It served as a field hospital during the war. Today only the remaining walls of the choir are the oldest remaining part in the south wing of the castle. Conservation work was carried out on these in 1993/1994.
Parish
Already in the 13th century the Germau population used the chapel of the Ordensburg as a parish church. The doctrine of the Reformation found its way here very soon. Protestant clergymen were employed here until 1945. The Germauer parish belonged to the last Kirchenkreis Fischhausen (now Russian: Primorsk) in the ecclesiastical province of East Prussia the Prussian Union of churches . Flight and expulsion of the population during and after the war brought church life to a standstill. Today Russkoje is located in the catchment area of the Evangelical Lutheran Kaliningrad (Königsberg) Church of the Resurrection in the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .
In 1995, the Memorial Association erected an ensemble on the remaining wall of the apse with a black cross in the middle and a dedication plaque: “To commemorate the deceased of the Germau parish” .
German military cemetery
In Russkoye has German War Graves Commission on behalf of the German government in the years 1993 to 1995 for the Fallen of World War II, a war cemetery built and opened to the public on August 20, 1995th It is a collective cemetery for the German soldiers who died in the fighting in Samland . Civilian deaths who perished in fighting or on the run also rest here. The first war dead were buried here not far from the former parish church during the war. By 2010, over 4400 German war dead had been recovered from the grave sites in Samland. Their names are recorded on steles.
Russian memorial
Directly on the street across from the German war cemetery is a memorial for the Russian war dead.
literature
- Karl Emil Gebauer : Customer of the Samland or history and topographical-statistical picture of the East Prussian landscape Samland . Königsberg 1844, p. 94.
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ^ Location information East Prussia picture archive: Germau
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Germau district
- ^ Uli Schubert, community directory, Fischhausen district
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Gauten / Godnicken district
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Samland district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 ноября 1947 г. «О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Ordinance of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR "On the Renaming of Places in Kaliningrad Oblast" of November 17, 1947)
- ↑ Rolf Jehke, District of Germau (as above)
- ↑ History of Russkoje - Germau and Girmowe Castle at ostpreussen.net
- ^ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty of Kaliningrad ( Memento of August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Germau / Russkoje war cemetery
- ↑ Pictures of the German and Russian memorials in Germau ( Memento from September 1, 2005 in the Internet Archive )