Geisenheim

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Geisenheim (disambiguation) .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 59 '  N , 7 ° 58'  E
Basic data
State :	Hesse
Administrative region :	Darmstadt
County :	Rheingau-Taunus district
Height :	90 m above sea level NHN
Area :	40.35 km 2
Residents:	11,634 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	288 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes :	65366, 65385 (Am Rüdesheimer Hafen)
Area code :	06722
License plate :	RÜD, SWA
Community key :	06 4 39 004
City structure:	4 districts
City administration address :	Rüdesheimer Strasse 48 65366 Geisenheim
Website :	www.geisenheim.de
Mayor :	Christian Aßmann (independent)
Location of the city of Geisenheim in the Rheingau-Taunus district

Geisenheim is a town in the Rheingau-Taunus district in Hesse . It is located on the Rhine between Wiesbaden and Rüdesheim and is known as a wine, school , cathedral and linden city. Geisenheim is the seat of the Geisenheim University of Applied Sciences and therefore bears the title "University City" awarded by the Hessian Minister of the Interior .

geography

Geographical location

The 50th parallel at Johannisberg Castle

The urban area stretches roughly in a south-north direction from the Rhine channel in an approximately three kilometer wide strip up the southern slopes of the Rheingau Mountains to the Taunushauptkamm . The lower part of the districts of Geisenheim and Johannisberg around the built-up location consists mainly of vineyards up to a height of 250 meters ; the north adjoining part is wooded. The pilgrimage monastery and the satellite settlement of Marienthal are on the edge of the forest . Stephanshausen can be found further up on a clearing island . Geisenheim's highest mountain is the Hörkopf at 474 meters. Behind the Taunushauptkamm Geisenheim has a share in the hinterland forest with the lower Ernstbachtal and the left bank of the Wisper near the Kammerburg and the Lauksburg . From the Rhine to the Wisper, the urban area is 13 kilometers long.

Just south of the Johannisberg Castle, the 50th degree of northern latitude runs through the vineyard location "Schloss Johannisberg" and is marked with two wrought-iron markings on a brick base.

In front of the city lies the Schönborn'sche Aue , a silted-up island on the Rhine that was detached from the mainland in the course of a renaturation process.

Neighboring communities

Geisenheim borders in the north on the city of Lorch , in the east on the city Oestrich-Winkel , in the south on the cities Ingelheim and Bingen (both district Mainz-Bingen in Rhineland-Palatinate ), and in the west on the city Rüdesheim .

City structure

Johannisberg Castle

The basilica of Johannisberg Castle

The city of Geisenheim is divided into four districts: "Kernstadt", Johannisberg (Grund, Berg, Schloßheide), Marienthal and Stephanshausen .

Johannisberg is probably the most famous district of Geisenheim, as it is the birthplace of the late harvest (more precisely: the systematic production of Auslese ) and world-famous for its vineyards. In Schloss Johannisberg a statue to the unknown reminiscent Spätlesereiter . Prince von Metternich received the palace domain as a gift from Emperor Franz I in 1816 after the Congress of Vienna.

Marienthal got its name after the nearby Marienthal Monastery . The monastery is known for its pilgrimage to the Virgin Mary, and the world's first monastery printing press was located here.

climate

In Geisenheim, the German Weather Service maintains a branch of the agricultural meteorology department . The weather station there has been continuously recording climate data since 1884.

Geisenheim
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     39   3 -1     35   5 -1     38   10 2     39   14th 5     51   19th 9     59   22nd 12     57   24 13     53   24 13     41   20th 10     42   14th 7th     49   8th 3     46   5 0 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: wetterkontor.de

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Geisenheim Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 3.4 5.3 9.7 14.2 18.9 22.0 23.9 23.6 20.1 14.3 7.8 4.5 O 14th Min. Temperature (° C) -1.2 -0.6 1.9 4.8 8.7 11.9 13.4 13.2 10.3 6.6 2.5 -0.1 O 6th Precipitation ( mm ) 39 35 38 39 51 59 57 53 41 42 49 46 Σ 549 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 1.3 2.4 3.9 5.4 6.6 6.6 7.2 6.7 5.1 3.2 1.6 1.2 O 4.3 Humidity ( % ) 82 77 72 67 66 67 67 70 76 82 83 83 O 74.3 Source: wetterkontor.de

history

Finds from early medieval graves in Geisenheim, 6. – 7. Century Brömserburg Museum in Rüdesheim am Rhein

Geisenheim was first mentioned in a document in 772. However, the first settlers settled in Geisenheim as early as 500, as shown by excavations in 1954 and 2016, during which the remains of a Franconian cemetery from the period between the beginning of the 6th and early 8th centuries were uncovered.

Geisenheim belonged to the Archdiocese of Mainz from 1806 to 1866 to the Duchy of Nassau , then to the Kingdom of Prussia and from 1946 to the State of Hesse since the Middle Ages and in the early modern period . Geisenheim has had city ​​rights since 1864 .

During the Nazi era, an external command of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp was set up on September 26, 1944 in the factory halls of the Johannisberg GmbH machine factory in Geisenheim in order to maintain the armaments production of Friedrich Krupp AG that had been outsourced there . The first female concentration camp prisoners came to Geisenheim on December 12, 1944. 200 women were housed in barracks. The camp was located between the Rüdesheim-Wiesbaden railway line, Winkeler Strasse and the Reutershan gas station. The majority of the prisoners were Polish Jews who came from the Lodz ghetto and had previously been selected as "fit for work" in the Auschwitz concentration camp. On March 18, 1945, the women had to march to the Dachau subcamp Allach in Munich. There they were badly mistreated and finally rescued by Americans in early May. There was also a company's own camp with 25 Soviet prisoners of war (as of 1943) on the factory premises .

Historical forms of names

In historical documents, the place is documented under changing place names over the centuries :

• Gisenheim (772)
• Gysenheim (788)
• Gisenheim (776-796 (789/94?))
• Gysenheim (954-984)
• Gysinheim (1107)
• Gysenheim (1108)
• Gisenheim (1128)
• Gisenheim (1133–1137)
• Gisenheim (1144)
• Gisenheim (1215)
• Gysinheym (1350)
• Gysenheym (1408)

Incorporations

In the course of the regional reform in Hesse , the previously independent municipality of Johannisberg was incorporated on a voluntary basis on December 31, 1971, and the previously independent municipality of Stephanshausen was incorporated into Geisenheim by law on January 1, 1977 .

politics

City Council

The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:

Distribution of seats in the 2016 city council       A total of 37 seats SPD : 11 Greens : 4 FDP : 3 CDU : 12 ZfB : 7	Parties and constituencies		% 2016	Seats 2016	% 2011	Seats 2011	% 2006	Seats 2006	% 2001	Seats 2001
	CDU	Christian Democratic Union of Germany	31.4	12	37.0	14th	39.7	15th	38.2	14th
	SPD	Social Democratic Party of Germany	30.4	11	32.8	12	35.0	13	36.6	14th
	GREEN	Alliance 90 / The Greens	11.3	4th	18.3	7th	8.9	3	10.7	4th
	FDP	Free Democratic Party	9.2	3	12.0	4th	13.2	5	11.0	4th
	ZfB	Time for citizens	17.7	7th	-	-	-	-	-	-
	FWG	Free voters Geisenheim and districts	-	-	-	-	3.3	1	-	-
	REP	The Republicans	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.5	1
	total		100.0	37	100.0	37	100.0	37	100.0	37
	Voter turnout in%		46.7		45.3		41.8		47.6

mayor

According to the Hessian municipal constitution, the mayor is chairman of the magistrate , which in the city of Geisenheim includes ten voluntary councilors in addition to the mayor . Christian Aßmann has been the mayor since November 1, 2017. The election of a new mayor had become necessary after his predecessor Frank Kilian took up this office on July 4, 2017 after being elected district administrator of the Rheingau-Taunus district.

Former mayor

• 2010 to 2017 Frank Kilian
• 1992 to 2010 Manfred Federhen

coat of arms

The town of Geisenheim in the Rheingau-Taunus district was granted a coat of arms with the following blazon on October 5, 1978 by the Hessian Minister of the Interior : Two two-story red towers in silver, connected by a covered bridge; over the bridge a six-spoke red wheel; under the bridge a red, fire-breathing dragon, pierced by a lance.

After the territorial reform of 1972, the city's coat of arms was adapted. The two “old” Mainz wheels were replaced by the Johannisberg version of the Mainz wheel (above) and the Stephanshausen dragon (below).

Town twinning

The city of Geisenheim maintains partnership relationships with

• Szerencs in Hungary ,
• Puligny-Montrachet in France ,
• Chauvigny in France and
• Trino in Italy .

Geisenheim town hall

Geisenheimer Linde
on the Lindenplatz

Rheingau Cathedral in Geisenheim

Villa Monrepos

Culture and sights

See also : List of cultural monuments in Geisenheim

At the Pfefferzoll , passing boatmen demanded customs in the form of the then valuable spice. The small house with the beautiful bay window is now over 200 meters from the Rhine in the southeast of the old town.

Geisenheimer Linde

Directly in front of the town hall on Lindenplatz is the guided dance linden tree , a symbol of the city. This winter linden tree is probably 700 years old and was first mentioned in 1585 as a judicial linden tree . In the 1970s it was stripped of its upper, second canopy due to illness. In July, the Lindenfest takes place in the streets between the cathedral and the town hall.

Buildings

• Rheingau Cathedral , neo-Gothic double tower facade from the 19th century, nave and choir from the beginning of the 16th century, important tombs and rich interior fittings, well-known Stumm organ from the 19th century
• Evangelical Church, neo-Romanesque , built 1891–1897 according to plans by the architect Ludwig Hofmann .
• Old factory hall of the machine factory Johannisberg Geisenheim (MJG), important industrial monument of the long-standing mechanical engineering tradition in Geisenheim.
• Kronberger Hof , former noble court from the 2nd half of the 16th century
• Eberbacher Hof , former farm yard of the Eberbach monastery and parents' house of the architect Philipp Hoffmann
• Bachelin House , the former home of the Bachelin family, was built around 1695. In the main living room, hand-painted paper wallpaper from the years 1822/23. The oldest known hand-painted wallpaper in a middle-class house in Germany.

Castles

There are old castles and palaces in the west and east of the city:

• Schönborn Castle (former Stockheimer Hof), built in 1550, is located at the train station in the middle of a vineyard and is a popular photo opportunity. It still belongs to the Counts of Schönborn-Wiesentheid , who make the ground floor and the first floor available for celebrations.
• Palais Ostein , summer residence of the last Count of Ostein ; Horseshoe-shaped complex from the 18th century, around 1811 the magnificent central building was closed due to the separation of property. Today owned by the St. Ursula School .
• Villa Monrepos , representative building in a large park, builder Eduard von Lade (founder of the research institute ), built in the 19th century.
• Kosakenberg Castle (former Ingelheimer Hof), facility above the train station, from the 17th century, today a winery
• Zwierleinsches Palais, owned by the German lawyer and politician Hans Constantin von Zwierlein (1802–1863), located above Kosakenberg Castle, has been rebuilt several times and now serves as an apartment building, the baroque park has given way to a residential area.

Sports

• Rheingau stadium with grass pitch and plastic athletics facilities (cellar pit)
• Rheingau pool (indoor pool)

Regular events

• Rheingau Music Festival in Johannisberg Castle (and throughout the Rheingau)
• On the weekend before Ascension Day (Father's Day): Better than nothing! The festival
• third weekend in July: four days of Geisenheimer Lindenfest with the hour of home on Monday
• first weekend in August summer night festival in the Rheinanlagen
• First weekend in September in uneven years: Open days at the Geisenheim Research Station
• second weekend in September: Wine and Sektfest Schloss Johannisberg

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

In addition to a high density of educational and research institutions, Geisenheim also has an efficient and stable economic structure. In addition to numerous local trading, service and handicraft businesses, some international industrial companies are also based in Geisenheim. Geisenheim is therefore also important as a commercial and industrial location. Cuts resulted from the emigration of the large employer MAN Roland Druckmaschinen-AG . The local economy has been developing stably and positively for years.

Established businesses

Ferrostaal Industrieanlagen GmbH (formerly Fritz Werner Werkzeugmaschinen ) is based in Geisenheim and is in turn a subsidiary of the Ferrostaal Group in Essen. The Wachendorff group of companies employs around 470 people and is an international leader in automation technology and control. The family company Erbslöh , formerly Geisenheimer Kaolinwerke, develops and sells products for beverage refinement and treatment. As part of a continuous expansion, GAT (Gesellschaft für Antriebstechnik mbH) settled in Geisenheim in 2009. In 2012, a company specializing in plastics recycling settled in the old factory hall , the former headquarters of MAN Roland Druckmaschinen-AG. The “Linden-Theater” cinema is still located in Geisenheim and is now operated by a non-profit organization as an integration company in the interests of professional reintegration.

In Geisenheim, just before Rüdesheim am Rhein, there is also the Rheingau-Bad, the only indoor swimming pool in the Rheingau.

traffic

Geisenheim
station entrance building from 1886

The B 42 , which connects Wiesbaden with Koblenz , runs past Geisenheim .

Wiesbaden can be reached in half an hour by train or by regional bus in around an hour via the right-hand Rhine route .

At the Geisenheim train station, a relay interlocking of the type Dr S2 went out of service on October 3, 2014 . Since then, Geisenheim station has been connected to an electronic signal box . All train stations in the Rheingau are remote-controlled from this signal box. Exceptions are the train stations Oestrich-Winkel and Rüdesheim , which are to be connected later. With the conversion, the line was prepared for signal-guided driving on the opposite track . The dispatcher “Lahnstein Süd”, who works in the operations center in Frankfurt am Main , is now responsible for operating the Geisenheim train station .

The Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund has been connecting the towns of Marienthal , Johannisberg , Hallgarten , Presberg and Stephanshausen with Geisenheim by bus since 2007 .

There is also a landing stage for small passenger ships without a fixed timetable.

Bike trails

The R3a variant of the Hessian long-distance cycle route R3 ( Rhein-Main-Kinzig-Radweg ) runs through the village . The R3 leads under the motto In the footsteps of the late harvest rider . along the Rhine , Main and Kinzig via Fulda to Tann in the Rhön . On the first section to Eltville am Rhein , the R3a variant leads over the Rheingau Riesling Route .

education

Geisenheim owes its reputation as a school town to the concentration of different schools:

• Emely-Salzig-School ( primary school )
• Johannes de Laspée School (primary school)
• St. Ursula School (state-recognized Catholic grammar school with secondary school branch )
• Boarding school Schloss Hansenberg (upper secondary school and boarding school of the State of Hesse )
• Rheingau School (state high school)
• Vocational schools, including a commercial school and a technical college
• Vocational schools Rheingau, Geisenheim ( vocational school )
• Geisenheim University (since January 1, 2013)
• Leopold Bausinger School ( special needs school )
• Geisenheim City Library

The Geisenheim research institute for viticulture and horticulture has been located in Geisenheim since 1872 . The research institute had been cooperating with the Wiesbaden University of Applied Sciences since the early 1970s, later renamed the RheinMain University of Applied Sciences , which had a department in Geisenheim. The focus of the research institute was in horticulture and viticulture as well as in beverage technology. On January 1, 2013, the Geisenheim department merged with the Geisenheim Research Institute to form the Geisenheim University of Applied Sciences . This 13th university in the state of Hesse is a so-called "university of the new type" and combines practical student training with bachelor and master degrees with applied and basic research and has the right to award doctorates . Due to the university, the city was awarded the title of “university town” in accordance with Section 13, Paragraph 2 of the Hessian Municipal Code.

The state-owned Hansenberg Castle in Johannisberg was converted into a boarding school by the State of Hesse as an upper-level high school for particularly high-performing students.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

• Konrad von Geisenheim ; † May 30, 1386, German diplomat and bishop of Lübeck
• 1554, November, Jakob Christmann ; † June 16, 1613, orientalist, born in today's Johannisberg district
• 1715, May 20; Franz Huberti ; † February 2, 1789, German clergyman, educator and astronomer
• 1804, Wilhelm Michael Nebel , author of Catholic edification literature
• 1806, November 23, Philipp Hoffmann ; † January 4, 1889, architect and builder
• 1808, April 18, Peter Josef Blum ; † December 30, 1884, Bishop of the Diocese of Limburg
• 1813, April 18, Carl Burgeff ; † April 1, 1871, owner of a sparkling wine cellar
• 1817, February 24, Heinrich Eduard von Lade ; † August 7, 1904 in Geisenheim, banker, arms dealer, diplomat, gardener and plant breeder as well as amateur astronomer. Founder of the Geisenheim Research Institute , first honorary citizen of Geisenheim
• 1818, January 26, Gustav Dresel ; † September 14, 1848, writer
• 1826, December 20, Otto Dresel ; † July 26, 1890, pianist and composer
• 1831, January 31, Wilhelm Zobus ; † June 4, 1869 in Geisenheim, landscape and genre painter and lithographer
• 1840, September 6, Wilhelm Simmler ; † December 8, 1923 in Berlin, painter
• 1846, December 14, Franz Joseph Simmler ; † October 2, 1926 in Offenburg, sculptor, church painter and altar builder
• 1858, October 10, Lorenz Werthmann ; † April 10, 1921 in Freiburg im Breisgau , founder of Caritas
• 1882, August 6, Peter Spring, gardener, studied fruit growing technician, social democrat and pacifist; † April 10, 1945 in Dachau concentration camp
• 1883, April 19, Hans Burgeff ; † September 27, 1976, botanist
• 1892, April 3, Gustav Gundlach ; † June 23, 1963 in Mönchengladbach, Catholic social ethicist, social philosopher and social scientist
• 1898, March 23, Martin Kremer ; † February 9, 1971 in Prien am Chiemsee, opera singer
• 1927, March 8, Helmut Becker ; † July 19, 1990 in Geisenheim, vine grower and lecturer
• 1966, May 28, Markus Kastenholz , writer

Personalities who have worked on site

• Heinrich Birk (1898–1973), viticulture expert, died in Geisenheim
• Franz Josef Jung (* 1949), lawyer, CDU politician, Federal Minister of Defense 2005–2009 and former student at the Rheingau School
• Christian Labonte (1899–1992), viticulture expert, member of the Hessian state parliament (CDU) and honorary citizen of Geisenheim
• Hermann Müller (1850–1927), from 1876 to 1890 at the plant physiology test station at the Geisenheim Research Station .
• Franz Schramm (1887–1966), Hessian Minister of Education 1946–1947
• Friedrich Simmler (1801–1872), painter
• Anke Velmeke (* 1963), writer
• Hans Carl von Zwierlein (1768–1850), owner of the Zwierleinschen Hof in Geisenheim, president of the estates of the Duchy of Nassau

Trivia

On November 10, 2005, on the initiative of a Geisenheim train driver, Geisenheim became the 150th city to sponsor an ICE 1 , which was christened "Geisenheim / Rheingau" at Wiesbaden Central Station .

Was baptized - by whom ehm. Mayor Manfred Federhen and the then wine queen Michaela Hans - the multiple unit 162, an international multiple unit of the second series of the ICE1 .

literature

• Wolf-Heino Struck : History of the city of Geisenheim. Frankfurt 1972.
• Gerd Hagenow: Contributions to the culture and history of the city of Geisenheim 1 , compiled by Paul Claus. Geisenheim 1991.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ↑ Wiesbadener Kurier : New Mayor in Geisenheim - Party-free Christian Aßmann wins the runoff election on October 8, 2017, accessed on October 16, 2017
3. ↑ ^{a b} Hessian Ministry of the Interior and for Sport (ed.): Geisenheim receives the title "University City" from October 19, 2015 (accessed October 21, 2015)
4. ^ Website of the Franciscan Monastery of Marienthal
5. ↑ German Weather Service - Geisenheim branch ( memento of the original from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
6. ↑ State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse: excavation in the Merovingian burial ground in Geisenheim ( Memento from October 27, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
7. ^ Geisenheim, Geisenheim concentration camp external command, machine factory Johannisberg GmbH. Topography of National Socialism in Hesse. (As of December 2, 2015). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
8. ^ Geisenheim, camp for Soviet prisoners of war. Topography of National Socialism in Hesse. (As of March 2, 2011). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
9. ^ Geisenheim, Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis. Historical local lexicon for Hessen (as of March 31, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on July 11, 2014 .  
10. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 375 .
11. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Rheingau district and the Untertaunus district (GVBl. II 330-30) of June 26, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 22 , p. 312 , § 10 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.5 MB ]).
12. ^ Result of the municipal election on March 6, 2016. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in April 2016 . 
13. ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Result of the municipal elections on March 27, 2011
14. ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Result of the municipal elections on March 26, 2006
15. ↑ Wiesbadener Kurier of November 23, 2017: Geisenheim's new mayor Christian Aßmann has been in office for three weeks
16. ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: direct elections in Geisenheim
17. ↑ Wiesbadener Kurier of March 3, 2016: Mayor Frank Kilian is aiming for a second term in Geisenheim
18. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms of the community Geisenheim, Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis dated October 5, 1978 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1978 No. 43 , p. 2087 , point 1250 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 8,9 MB ]).
19. ^ The linden tree in Geisenheim Wikisource.
20. ↑ "Geisenheim, Linde" in: Courts in Hessen, in LAGIS
21. ^ "Tanzlinde in Geisenheim" in the tree register at www.baumkunde.de
22. ↑ Peter Foissner, Klaus Grossmann a. a .: Geisenheim. Bachelin House and renovation of the old town. In: Magistrat der Stadt Geisenheim (ed.): Contributions to the culture and history of the city of Geisenheim. Volume 10/2012, ISBN 978-3-00-036939-1 .
23. ^ ICE "Geisenheim / Rheingau" christened the Frankfurt Local Transport Forum

Web links

Commons : Geisenheim  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website of the city of Geisenheim
• Geisenheim, Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
• Link catalog on Geisenheim at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
• Literature by and about Geisenheim in the catalog of the German National Library

Documents

• Image 1 by Geisenheim from JF Dielmann, A. Fay, J. Becker (draftsman): FC Vogel's panorama of the Rhine, images of the right and left banks of the Rhine. Lithographic institute FC Vogel, Frankfurt 1833.
• Image 2 by Geisenheim from JF Dielmann, A. Fay, J. Becker (draftsman): FC Vogel's panorama of the Rhine, images of the right and left banks of the Rhine. Lithographic institute FC Vogel, Frankfurt 1833.