Kulm (geography)
Kulm generally stands for the summit of a mountain , especially a cone mountain or a knoll .
The term Kulm and its derivatives are found in various areas of Central Europe. These are loan words that have different origins depending on the region.
- From the Latin culmen ( "Summit", "mountain top", "high point"; to Columen ., "Something high," cf. culmination ) have become the in Switzerland occurring designations Kulm , Chulme (s) , Gulm (s) ( " uppermost hilltop ").
- An ancient Slavic - reconstructed and therefore in etymological usage marked with "*" - designation * chъlmъ (also written as * xulmu , in turn an early borrowing from Germanic, see ancient Germanic * hulmaz "Hügel, Hill", from which Low German Holm ; ultimately a derivation from the Urindo-European verb root * kelH- "to rise up, to stand up ") for a hill , mountain , rock developed quite differently in the individual languages. It can be found in Sorbian cholm (especially in geographical terms), in Czech chlum (today meaning "(wooded) hill") and in Polish chelm . Borrowed as Kulm , Kolm , Kelm and especially Golm .
- In Albanian, Kulm means "roof", Kulmi i shtëpisë is the roof of the house.
In northern Bavaria , the root is included in many settlement names and field names, especially in mountain names. There is an accumulation of field names Kulm in the Upper Franconian area between the cities of Forchheim, Bayreuth, Kulmbach and Lichtenfels.
In particular in the Eastern Alps from the Salzburg - East Tyrol line , which was dominated by Roman, Slavic and Germanic border areas from antiquity to the end of the migration , the two roots should be supported. The expression Kulm as a mountain name is very common up to the Pannonian region.
In addition, it is possible to reinterpret old roots in the name of the Irish missionary Koloman in the entire area of Austria, Bavaria and Swabia , especially in churches on hills, for example at Kolomannsberg in the Salzkammergut.
List of place names
Origin from both language families, place names are roughly sorted west-east:
Switzerland
- Kulm , district of the canton of Aargau
Germany
- Kulm , part of the city of Saalburg-Ebersdorf, Saale-Orla district, Thuringia
- Kulm , part of the municipality of Bösenbrunn , Vogtlandkreis, Saxony
- Kulm , hamlet near Weißig , district of Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains, Saxony
- Untere and Obere Kulm , hamlet of the Mistelgau community , Bayreuth district, Bavaria
- Kulmain , town near Kemnath, Tirschenreuth district, Bavaria
- Kulmbach , town in the district of Kulmbach, Bavaria - probably derived from Culmin-aha or Culmna with the meaning "stream that comes down from the mountain"
- Kulmleite , mountain slope between Glashütten and Mistelgau , Bayreuth district, Bavaria
Austria
- Kulm (Altenberg municipality) , village of Altenberg near Linz , Urfahr-Umgebung district, Upper Austria
- Kulm (municipality of Ardning) , part of Ardning , Liezen district, Styria
- Kulm (Bad Mitterndorf municipality) , part of Bad Mitterndorf , Liezen district, Styria
- Kulm (Eberau municipality) , part of the Eberau municipality, Güssing district, Burgenland
- Kulm (Eberstein municipality) , district of Eberstein , Sankt Veit district, Carinthia
-
Kulm (communities Glanegg and Liebenfels) , place in Carinthia, which is cut through by a municipality boundary and thus consists of 2 localities:
- Kulm (municipality of Glanegg) , village of Glanegg , Feldkirchen district, Carinthia
- Kulm (Liebenfels municipality) , village of Liebenfels , Sankt Veit an der Glan district, Carinthia
- Kulm (municipality of Michaelerberg-Pruggern) , district of Pruggern , Liezen district, Styria
- Kulm (municipality of Ramsau) , district of Ramsau am Dachstein , Liezen district, Styria
- Kulm (municipality of Stubenberg) , district of Stubenberg , Hartberg-Fürstenfeld district, Styria
- Kulm (municipality of Thörl) , district of Thörl , district of Bruck-Mürzzuschlag, Styria
- Kulm (municipality of Völkermarkt) , locality of Völkermarkt , district of Völkermarkt, Carinthia
- Kulm (Warth municipality) , cadastral municipality of Warth , Neunkirchen district, Lower Austria
- Kulm am Zirbitz , former municipality, part of Neumarkt in der Steiermark, Murau district, Styria
- Kulm bei Weiz , former municipality, part of Pischelsdorf am Kulm, Weiz district, Styria
- Kulming , hamlet at the foot of the Kulm in Kulm bei Weiz , Weiz district, Styria
- Kulm (municipality of Aigen im Ennstal )
Czech Republic
- Chlum-Korouhvice (Chlum-Korowitz), municipality in the Okres Žďár nad Sázavou
- Chlum nad Berounkou (Chlum), municipality in Okres Rokycany
- Chlum nad Jihlavou (Chlum), a municipality in the Okres Třebíč
- Chlum Svaté Maří (Maria Kulm), parish in Okres Sokolov
- Chlum u Blatné (Kulm), municipality in Okres Strakonice
- Chlum u Blovic (Chlum), municipality in Okres Plzeň-jih
- Chlum u Dubé (Klum), a municipality in the Okres Česká Lípa
- Chlum u Třeboně (Chlumetz), a municipality in the Okres Jindřichův Hradec
- Chlum u Vlašimi (Chlum), municipality in Okres Benešov
- Chlum (Hluboká) (Chlum), district of Hluboká, Okres Chrudim
- Chlum, district of Chlum-Korouhvice , Okres Žďár nad Sázavou
- Chlum, district of Krásné , Okres Chrudim
- Chlum, district of Nalžovice , Okres Příbram
- Chlum, part of Staňkovice u Uhlířských Janovic , Okres Kutná Hora
- Chlum, district of Zlín , Okres Zlín
- Chlum dříve Kohout (Hahnberg), district of Javorník , Okres Jeseník
- Chlum nad Malší (Chlum), district of Svatý Jan nad Malší , Okres České Budějovice
- Chlum pod Táborem (Chlum), part of Lomnice nad Popelkou , Okres Semily
- Chlum u Děčína (Kolmen), district of Děčín , Okres Děčín
- Chlum u Hartmanic (Chuno), district of Hartmanice , Okres Klatovy
- Chlum u Hlinska (Chlum), part of Hlinsko v Čechách , Okres Chrudim
- Chlum u Hořic (Chlum), district of Hořice v Podkrkonoší , Okres Jičín
- Chlum, district of Všestary, Okres Hradec Králové, see Chlum (Všestary)
- Chlum u Jistebnice (Chlum), district of Jistebnice , Okres Tábor
- Chlum u Křemže (Chlum), district of Křemže , Okres Český Krumlov
- Chlum u Letovic (Chlum), district of Letovice , Okres Blansko
- Chlum (Klum), district of Pšov, Okres Karlovy Vary; see Chlum (Pšov)
- Chlum u Rakovníka (Klum), district of Pavlíkov, Okres Rakovník, see Chlum (Pavlíkov)
- Chlum u Volar (Humwald), part of Volary , Okres Prachatice
- Chlum u Zbýšova (Chlum), part of Zbýšov v Čechách , Okres Kutná Hora
- Chlum, basic settlement unit of Lučice , Okres Havlíčkův Brod
- Chlumy (Chlum), municipality in the Okres Plzeň-jih
- Chlumec u Chabařovic (Kulm), municipality in Okres Ústí nad Labem
- Dolní Chlum u Děčína (Stabilized), district of Děčín , Okres Děčín
- Přední Chlum (Vorderchlum), district of Milešov , Okres Příbram
- Zadní Chlum (Hinterchlum), part of Klučenice , Okres Příbram
- Chlum, desert in the area of the town of Ralsko , Okres Česká Lípa
Poland
- Chełm , east of Lublin not far from the border with Ukraine
- Chełmno (German Kulm ( Culm ), West Prussia), district town in the Kujawien-Pomeranian Voivodeship, the Kulm law is derived from the name of this city, see also the Diocese of Kulm
- Chełmno nad Nerem (1941–1944 German Kulmhof am Ner ), a village near the city of Dąbie in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, see Kulmhof extermination camp
Ukraine
- Pidhirne (Tarutyne) , (German Kulm ) village in Tarutyne district , Odessa Oblast
Greece
- Chelmos , a mountain in the Peloponnese
United States
- Kulm (North Dakota) , town in LaMoure County , North Dakota
List of mountains and elevations
sorted by height:
Switzerland
- Kulmhotel (3089 m), hotel at the terminus of the Gornergratbahn near Zermatt, Canton of Valais
- Niesen Kulm (2336 m), mountain station of the Niesenbahn near Spiez, Canton of Bern
- Pilatus Kulm (2073 m), mountain station of the Pilatusbahn near Lucerne, canton border Lucerne / Nidwalden / Obwalden
- Niederbauen Kulm (1923 m), mountain summit on Lake Lucerne, canton border Nidwalden / Uri
- Stanserhorn Kulm (1897 m), former hotel on the summit of the Stanserhorn near Stans, Canton of Nidwalden
- Rigi Kulm (1797.5 m), main summit of the Rigi near Arth, Schwyz district, Canton Schwyz
- Harder Kulm (1322 m), mountain station of the Harderbahn near Interlaken, Canton Bern
- Uto Kulm (870 m), summit of the Uetliberg near Zurich, Canton Zurich
Liechtenstein
- Kulm (Triesenberg) (1473 m), pass and mountain ridge into the Samina valley, municipality of Triesenberg
Germany
- Rauher Kulm (Lower Bavaria) (1050.3 m), in the Bavarian Forest near Böbrach (Bernried), Deggendorf district, Bavaria
- Rauher Kulm (Upper Palatinate) (681 m), near Neustadt am Kulm, Neustadt an der Waldnaab district, Bavaria
- Kulm (Naabgebirge) (626.3 m), in the Naabgebirge near Windpaißing (Nabburg), Schwandorf district, Bavaria
- Kleiner Kulm (626 m), in Franconian Switzerland near Körbeldorf (Pegnitz), Bayreuth district, Bavaria
- Große Kulm (608.4 m), in the Upper Palatinate Forest near Pamsendorf (Pfreimd), Schwandorf district, Bavaria
- Kleine Kulm (district of Schwandorf) (599 m), in the Upper Palatinate Forest near Trichenricht (Guteneck) , district of Schwandorf, Bavaria
- Culm or Culmberg (594 m) near Gesees, Bayreuth district, Bavaria - was only given its current name Sophienberg in the 17th century ; the individual farms on the slope of the mountain are still called Obere and Untere Culm today
- Kulm (Pegnitz) (584 m), in Franconian Switzerland near Trockau (Pegnitz), Bayreuth district, Bavaria
- Kleiner Kulm (Upper Palatinate) (563 m), near Neustadt am Kulm, Neustadt an der Waldnaab district, Bavaria
- Kulm (Scheßlitz) (559.1 m), in Franconian Switzerland near Neudorf near Scheßlitz , Bamberg district, Bavaria
- Kulm (Wattendorf) (555.1 m), in the Franconian Alb near Schneeberg (Wattendorf) , Bamberg district, Bavaria
- Kulm (Weidenberg) (543.2 m), near Weidenberg , Bayreuth district, Bavaria
- Kulm (Lichtenfels) (535.7 m), in the Franconian Jura near Eichig (Lichtenfels) , Lichtenfels district, Bavaria
- Kulm (Stadelhofen) (512.2 m), in the Franconian Alb near Roßdorf am Berg , Bamberg district, Bavaria
- Kulm (Weismain) (484.4 m), in the Franconian Jura near Altendorf (Weismain) , Lichtenberg district, Bavaria
- Kulm (Saalfeld) (481.9 m), near Saalfeld / Saale, Saalfeld-Rudolstadt district, Thuringia
- Kulm (Schwarzenfeld) (432 m), in the Bodenwöhr Bay near Ödhof (Schwarzenfeld) , Schwandorf district, Bavaria
Austria
- Kulmkogel (1123 m), in the Salzkammergut near Tauplitz / Bad Mitterndorf, Liezen district, Styria
- Kulm (Pruggern) (1090 m), foothills of the Stoderzinken in the Dachstein massif, near Michaelerberg-Pruggern, Liezen district, Styria
- Kulm (Oststeiermark) (975 m), near Puch bei Weiz on the border of the districts of Weiz and Hartberg-Fürstenfeld, Styria
- Kulm (Aigen) (918 m), near Aigen im Ennstal, Liezen district, Styria (archaeological excavation site)
- Kulm (Trofaiach) (887 m), near Trofaiach , Leoben district, Styria (archaeological excavation site)
- Kulm (Frauenstein) (873 m), in Frauenstein (Carinthia) , Sankt Veit an der Glan district, Carinthia
- Kulmleiten (811 m), hill in the Ennstal near Gröbming , Liezen district, Styria
- Kulm (Ardning) (760 m), Talberg in Ardning, Liezen district, Styria; with pilgrimage church Frauenberg on the Enns
Czech Republic
- Zlatý Chlum (875 m), German Goldkoppe , in the Jeseníky Mountains , Okres Jeseník
Web links
Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap
Individual evidence
- ↑ where from also urgerm. * hulliz "hill" - from it English. hill -, Gothic hallus "rock", Lithuanian kalnas "mountain", Latin ex-cellere "protrude", collis "hill" and columen next to culmen "peak"; on this verb root see Helmut Rix et al. (2001), LIV (2nd edition), Wiesbaden: Reichert, p. 349
- ^ Ernst Eichler , Albrecht Greule , Wolfgang Janka: Contributions to Slavic-German language contact research. Volume 2: Settlement names in the Upper Franconian city and district of Bayreuth. Universitätsverlag Winter, 2006, ISBN 978-3-8253-5091-8
- ↑ Ernst Schwarz: Language and Settlement in Northeast Bavaria. Hans Carl, Nuremberg 1960
- ^ Hermann Dannheimer and Heinz Dopsch (eds.): The Bajuwaren. From Severin to Tassilo 488 - 788. Exhibition catalog Joint state exhibition of the Free State of Bavaria and the State of Salzburg Rosenheim / Bavaria Mattsee / Salzburg 19 May to 6 November 1988 , Prehistoric State Collection Munich and Office of the Salzburg State Government 1988
- ^ Manfred Scheuch : Austria - Province, Empire, Republic. A historical atlas . Verlag Christian Brandstätter, Vienna 1994. Licensed edition: Verlag Das Beste, ISBN 3-87070-588-4
- ↑ Manfred Trummer: Slavic Styria. Lecture at the symposium Being a stranger - staying together. The Slovene ethnic group in Austria , as part of the Slovene Days at the Karl-Franzens University in Graz, 25. – 28. March 1996