The lightweight double scull (abbreviation LM2x or LW2x ) has been an Olympic lightweight boat class in rowing since 1996 . There are two rowers in the boat who drive the boat with two sculls each and whose body weight is limited by regulations.
description
In contrast to the also Olympic but unlimited double sculls, there is a weight limit for the athletes. In the lightweight version, men may weigh a maximum of 70.0 kg in the team average, for women the maximum permitted team average weight is 57.0 kg.
The light double scull is the only Olympic scull boat class for lightweights, as the “light single” (L1x) and the “light double quad” (L4x) were never part of the Olympic program. The best light scullers therefore prefer to compete in light double sculls, where the power density is accordingly somewhat higher than in light single or double sculls. Since 1978, with the exception of the Olympic years, rowing world champions have been determined annually and since 2007 rowing European champions in this boat class. The competition route corresponds to the Olympic distance of 2000 m.
The material and construction of the boat largely correspond to that of a double in the open weight class. The boat is about 9.5 meters long, about 35 cm wide and weighs at least 27 kg. Two outriggers are required on each side of the boat . As is usual in the double scull, there is no helmsman in the lightweight version either . Since there is also no foot control , the boat is steered by pulling the crew on one side (rowing on one side with more effort at times).
history
The light double scull was first introduced at the 1978 World Rowing Championships for men as the fourth lightweight boat class, with Norway winning the title and defending it the following year. Then the Italians Francesco Esposito and Ruggero Verroca won five years in a row , which is the longest winning streak in the boat class to this day. The first lightweight boat classes for women were carried out in the context of the rowing world championships in 1984 as a "test measure" without championship character. Among them was the easy double scull won by Denmark. From 1985, the women's light boat classes were also championship races, although no dominant team dominated the boat class in the 1980s.
From the second half of the 1980s, lightweight rowing became more popular, and the World Rowing Federation stepped up its efforts to include some boat classes in the program of the Summer Olympics . From 1996 the double sculls for men and women and in the oars area the four without a helmsman were Olympic, which made these boat classes stand out from the other lightweight classes. As the first Olympic champion were allowed to Constanta Burcică and Camelia Macoviciuc from Romania and the brothers Michael and Markus Gier be celebrated from Switzerland.
Since the mid-1990s, the Olympic four-year rhythm has also been decisive for boat manning and training plans in lightweight rowing. Particularly noteworthy teams in the last 20 years among the men, in addition to the Swiss Gier brothers, were the Poles Tomasz Kucharski and Robert Sycz , the Italians Elia Luini and Leonardo Pettinari , Denmark's Mads Rasmussen and Rasmus Quist as well as the British Zac Purchase and Mark Hunter with each multiple gold medal wins. In the women's category , Constanța Burcică from Romania with Angela Alupei and Camelia Macoviciuc , from Germany in various line- ups , Janet Radünzel , Claudia Blasberg , Daniela Reimer and Marie-Louise Dräger and from Greece Christina Giazitzidou and Alexandra Tsiavou were particularly successful.
Reigning masters
World champion and Olympic champion
event
Gold medalists
Gold medalist
World Cup 1978
not carried out
Norway Norway - Pal Boernick , Arne Gilje
World Cup 1979
Norway Norway - Pal Boernick , Arne Gilje
World Cup 1980
Italy Italy - Francesco Esposito , Ruggero Verroca
World Cup 1981
Italy Italy - Francesco Esposito , Ruggero Verroca
World Cup 1982
Italy Italy - Francesco Esposito , Ruggero Verroca
World Cup 1983
Italy Italy - Francesco Esposito , Ruggero Verroca
World Cup 1984
Denmark Denmark - Elisabeth Fraas , Kirsten Jensen (unofficial)
Italy Italy - Francesco Esposito , Ruggero Verroca
1985 World Cup
United Kingdom United Kingdom - Linda Clark , Beryl Crockford
France France - Luc Crispon , Thierry Renault
World Cup 1986
United States United States - Christine Ernst , Carey Sands
United Kingdom United Kingdom - Carl Smith , Allan Whitwell
World Cup 1987
Belgium Belgium - Lucia Focque , Marie-Anne Vandermoere
Italy Italy - Enrico Gandola , Giovanni Calabrese
1988 World Cup
Netherlands Netherlands - Laurien Vermulst , Ellen Meliesie
Italy Italy - Enrico Gandola , Francesco Esposito
World Cup 1989
United States United States - Carey Sands , Kristine Karlson
Austria Austria - Christoph Schmölzer , Walter Rantasa
World Cup 1990
Denmark Denmark - Ulla Jensen , Regitze Siggaard
United States United States - Robert Dreher , Stephen Peterson
World Cup 1991
Germany Germany - Claudia Waldi , Christiane Weber
Germany Germany - Michael Buchheit , Kai von Warburg
World Cup 1992
Germany Germany - Claudia Waldi , Christiane Weber
Australia Australia - Bruce Hick , Gary Lynagh
World Cup 1993
Canada Canada - Colleen Miller , Wendy Wiebe
Australia Australia - Bruce Hick , Gary Lynagh
World Cup 1994
Canada Canada - Colleen Miller , Wendy Wiebe
Italy Italy - Michelangelo Crispi , Francesco Esposito
World Cup 1995
Canada Canada - Colleen Miller , Wendy Wiebe
Switzerland Switzerland - Markus Gier , Michael Gier
OS 1996
Romania Romania - Constanța Burcică , Camelia Macoviciuc
Switzerland Switzerland - Michael Gier , Markus Gier
World Cup 1997
Germany Germany - Angelika Brand , Michelle Darvill
Poland Poland - Tomasz Kucharski , Robert Sycz
World Cup 1998
United States United States - Christine Collins , Sarah Garner
Poland Poland - Tomasz Kucharski , Robert Sycz
World Cup 1999
Romania Romania - Constanța Burcică , Camelia Macoviciuc
Italy Italy - Michelangelo Crispi , Leonardo Pettinari
OS 2000
Romania Romania - Constanța Burcică , Angela Alupei
Poland Poland - Tomasz Kucharski , Robert Sycz
World Cup 2001
Germany Germany - Janet Radünzel , Claudia Blasberg
Italy Italy - Elia Luini , Leonardo Pettinari
World Cup 2002
Australia Australia - Sally Causby , Amber Halliday
Italy Italy - Elia Luini , Leonardo Pettinari
World Cup 2003
Germany Germany - Marie-Louise Dräger , Claudia Blasberg
Italy Italy - Elia Luini , Leonardo Pettinari
OS 2004
Romania Romania - Constanța Burcică , Angela Alupei
Poland Poland - Tomasz Kucharski , Robert Sycz
World Cup 2005
Germany Germany - Daniela Reimer , Marie-Louise Dräger
Hungary Hungary - Zsolt Hirling , Tamás Varga
World Cup 2006
China People's Republic People's Republic of China - Xu Dongxiang , Yan Shimin
Denmark Denmark - Mads Rasmussen , Rasmus Quist
World Cup 2007
Australia Australia - Amber Halliday , Marguerite Houston
Denmark Denmark - Mads Rasmussen , Rasmus Quist
OS 2008
Netherlands Netherlands - Marit van Eupen , Kirsten van der Kolk
United Kingdom United Kingdom - Mark Hunter , Zac Purchase
World Cup 2009
Greece Greece - Christina Giazitzidou , Alexandra Tsiavou
New Zealand New Zealand - Storm Uru , Peter Taylor
World Cup 2010
Canada Canada - Lindsay Jennerich , Tracy Cameron
United Kingdom United Kingdom - Zac Purchase , Mark Hunter
World Cup 2011
Greece Greece - Christina Giazitzidou , Alexandra Tsiavou
United Kingdom United Kingdom - Zac Purchase , Mark Hunter
OS 2012
United Kingdom United Kingdom - Katherine Copeland , Sophie Hosking
Denmark Denmark - Mads Rasmussen , Rasmus Quist
World Cup 2013
Italy Italy - Laura Milani , Elisabetta Sancassani
Norway Norway - Kristoffer Brun , Are Strandli
World Cup 2014
New Zealand New Zealand - Sophie MacKenzie , Julia Edward
South Africa South Africa - James Thompson , John Smith
World Cup 2015
New Zealand New Zealand - Sophie MacKenzie , Julia Edward
France France - Stany Delayre , Jérémie Azou
OS 2016
Netherlands Netherlands - Maaike Head , Ilse Paulis
France France - Pierre Houin , Jérémie Azou
World Cup 2017
Romania Romania - Ionela-Livia Lehaci , Gianina-Elena Beleagă
France France - Pierre Houin , Jérémie Azou
World Cup 2018
Romania Romania - Ionela-Livia Cozmiuc , Gianina-Elena Beleagă
Ireland Ireland - Gary O'Donovan , Paul O'Donovan
World Cup 2019
New Zealand New Zealand - Zoe McBride , Jackie Kiddle
Ireland Ireland - Fintan McCarthy , Paul O'Donovan
Individual evidence
↑ a b Best times: Elite. World Rowing Association , accessed on September 1, 2014 .
↑ Rowing competition rules (RWR) of the German Rowing Association; valid from January 1, 2016. (PDF; 666 kB) (No longer available online.) In: www.rudern.de. German Rowing Association, archived from the original on April 29, 2016 ; Retrieved April 29, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1 @ 2 Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rudern.de
↑ Dimensions of various double scull designs at the Empacher shipyard. (No longer available online.) Empacher boatyard , archived from the original on December 23, 2015 ; accessed on December 23, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1 @ 2 Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.empacher.com
Olympic boat classes in
rowing
1984 (demo): Fraas , K. Jensen (DEN) | 1985: Clark , Crockford (GBR) | 1986: Ernst , Sands (USA) | 1987: Focque , Vandermoere (BEL) | 1988: Vermulst , Melisie (NED) | 1989: Sands , Karlson (USA) | 1990: U. Jensen , Siggaard (DEN) | 1991 & 1992: Waldi , Weber (GER) | 1993-1995: Miller , Wiebe (CAN) | 1997: Brand , Darvill (GER) | 1998: Smith , Garner (USA) | 1999: Burcică , Macoviciuc (ROM) | 2001: Radünzel , Blasberg (GER) | 2002: Causby , Halliday (AUS) | 2003: Dräger , Blasberg (GER) | 2005: Reimer , Dräger (GER) | 2006: Xu , Yan (CHN) | 2007: Halliday , Houston (AUS) | 2009: Giazitzidou , Tsiavou (GRE) | 2010: Jennerich , Cameron (CAN) | 2011: Giazitzidou , Tsiavou (GRE) | 2013: Milani , Sancassani (ITA) | 2014 & 2015: MacKenzie , Edward (NZL) | 2017: Lehaci , Beleagă (ROM) | 2018: Cozmiuc , Beleagă (ROM) | 2019: McBride , Kiddle (NZL)
1978 & 1979: Boernick , Gilje (NOR) | 1980-1984: Esposito , Verroca (ITA) | 1985: Crispon , Renault (FRA) | 1986: Smith , Whitwell (GBR) | 1987: Gandola , Calabrese (ITA) | 1988: Gandola , Esposito (ITA) | 1989: Schmölzer , Rantasa (AUT) | 1990: Dreher , Peterson (USA) | 1991: Buchheit , von Warburg (GER) | 1992 & 1993: Hick , Lynagh (AUS) | 1994: Crispi , Esposito (ITA) | 1995: Ma. Greed , Mi. Greed (SUI) | 1997 & 1998: Kucharski , Sycz (POL) | 1999: Crispi , Pettinari (ITA) | 2001–2003: Luini , Pettinari (ITA) | 2005: Hirling , Varga (HUN) | 2006 & 2007: Rasmussen , Quist (DEN) | 2009: Uru , Taylor (NZL) | 2010 & 2011: Purchase , Hunter (GBR) | 2013: Brun , Strandli (NOR) | 2014: Thompson , Smith (RSA) | 2015: Delayre , Azou (FRA) | 2017: Houin , Azou (FRA) | 2018: G. O'Donovan , P. O'Donovan (IRL) | 2019: McCarthy , P. O'Donovan (IRL)
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