Foursome without a helmsman

Foursome without a helmsman
Officially	4-	Coxless four
length	approx. 12 m
Minimum weight	50 kg
Olympic boat class
Men	1904, 1908, since 1924
Women	1992, since 2020
World best times (2000 m)
Men:	5: 37.86 (May 25, 2012 in Lucerne , Rotsee )
Alex Gregory , Peter Reed , Tom James , Andrew Triggs Hodge
Women:	6: 14.10 (August 29, 2014 in Amsterdam , Bosbaan )
Kelsey Bevan , Grace Prendergast , Kayla Pratt , Kerri Gowler

The four-man without a helmsman or four-man without a helmsman (abbreviation 4- , often simply referred to as four-man without ) is a boat class in rowing . There are four rowers sitting in the boat, each driving the boat with a belt .

In the Olympic program , the men's foursome has long been a core boat class and is therefore of great importance. The women's foursome was initially Olympic once in 1992 and will be part of the program again from 2020.

description

Four-without with so-called Italian rigging . The batsman and bowman row on the port side, the middle seats row on the starboard side.

The rowers in the (unrestricted) four-man without a helmsman do not have to adhere to a weight limit, while the rowers in the Olympic class of lightweight four-man without a helmsman have to adhere to weight limits: the men's teams may weigh a maximum of 70 kg on average. The classic competition route in a four-man without a helmsman corresponds to the Olympic distance of 2000 m.

The material and construction of the boat are similar to those of typical racing rowing boats. The boat is about 12 meters long, about 45 cm wide at the waterline and weighs at least 50 kg. There are two outriggers attached to the boat on each side of the boat . The most common arrangement is the alternating direction (alternating starboard-port-starboard-port or vice versa). An alternative is the Italian rigging , in which the first direction is followed twice by the opposite direction, and then the first direction again. This should result in a more favorable yaw behavior.

The bow ball and the start number holder, to which the start number is attached during a rowing regatta, are located on the bow . Since there is no helmsman on board, the four-man without a foot control is built and steered. The boat is usually controlled by the batsman , who receives commands from the bowman during training . When racing and during training on a track with the Albano system or normal buoy chains, the batsman can orient himself on the buoys.

The bugball and the start number are clearly visible.

In addition to the boat class described here, there are also from the genus of four in general the four with helmsman (4+) and the double quad (4x). The four-with is like the four-without a belt boat class, as such, because of the presence of the helmsman, a little slower and much less important than the four-without . The double quad is a scull boat without a helmsman and the fastest class of the four. In leisure and touring rowing , the four-man row does not play a role, because in gig design it is practically non-existent.

history

Men

For men, the four-without was first played at the 1904 Olympic Games in St. Louis . The distance was then two miles (3218 meters). At the Olympic Games in 1912 and Olympic Games in 1920 , the four-wheeler with a helmsman was extended instead of the version without a helmsman. The boat class has been Olympic continuously since the Olympic Games in Paris .

The associations from Australia , Belarus , Canada , the Czech Republic , the United Kingdom , Germany , Greece , Italy , the Netherlands , New Zealand , Romania , Serbia and the United States Association qualified for the 2012 Olympic Games in London . The Olympic preliminaries and the semifinals took place from July 30th 2012 to August 2nd on Dorney Lake , near London . The final was held on August 4th. It was manned with boats from the United Kingdom, Australia, the United States, Greece, the Netherlands, and Germany. For Germany, the German Rowing Association put Gregor Hauffe , Toni Seifert , Urs Buyer and Sebastian Schmidt on board. The German four reached sixth place on the final day in windy conditions with a time of 6: 16.37. The United Kingdom came first with a time of 6: 03.97 min with Alex Gregory , Peter Reed , Tom James and Andrew Triggs Hodge . Two seconds later the boat from Australia crossed the finish line. The United States came third with a time of 6:07.20 minutes.

At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro , the competitions took place in the Rodrigo de Freitas lagoon from August 6th to August 13th. For the fifth time in a row since 2000, the British national team won the gold medal in this competitive class. Alex Gregory , Mohamed Sbihi , Constantine Louloudis and George Nash rowed in it .

Women

For women, however, the four without a helmsman was initially only held in Barcelona in 1992 . At that time, the class replaced the four-man with a helmsman , but was immediately deleted in favor of the women's lightweight double- twos. Bulgaria , the United Kingdom, France, Canada, the USA, Germany, China, Romania and Australia qualified for the 1992 Games . Canada (with Kirsten Barnes , Brenda Taylor , Jessica Monroe and Kay Worthington ) won the final ahead of the USA and Germany. As part of “Agenda 2020”, the International Olympic Committee strived for gender parity in all sports. The women's foursome was therefore re-included in the Olympic program, while the men's easy foursome was deleted.

The competition was held for the first time at the World Rowing Championships in 1989 when it replaced the four-man with a helmsman . The world best time of 6: 14.36 min is held by a team from New Zealand with Grace Prendergast , Kayla Pratt , Kerri Gowler and Kelsey Bevan , who won gold for their country at the 2014 World Rowing Championships .

Medals

Olympic games

The table shows the four most successful nations in the boat class four without a helmsman at the Olympic Games (as of 1904 until after the Rio de Janeiro Games in 2016). In Olympic history, other nations have won Olympic medals in this boat class.

Men (1904-2016)
space	nation	gold	silver	bronze	total
1	United Kingdom	9	3	2	14th
2	Germany (thereof German Reich ) (thereof German Empire ) (thereof German Democratic Republic ) (thereof BR Germany )	6 (1) (5)	1 (1)	2 (2)	9 (1) (1) (5) (2)
3	United States	2	6th	4th	12
4th	Australia	2	3	1	6th

The table shows the Olympic medal winners in the foursome without a helmsman. In the women's category , the boat class was only rowed out once at the 1992 Olympic rowing regatta .

Women (1992 only)
space	nation	gold	silver	bronze	total
1	Canada	1			1
2	United States		1		1
3	Germany			1	1

Rowing World Championships

This table shows the world champions in four without a helmsman by title wins (as of 1962 until after the 2018 World Cup).

Men (1962–2018)
space	nation	World title
1	Germany (of which German Democratic Republic ) (of which BR Germany )	12 (8) (3)
2	United Kingdom	9
3	Australia	4th
4th	Italy	3
5	Soviet Union	2 each
	France
7th	Switzerland	1 each
	United States
	Canada
	New Zealand
	Netherlands

This table shows the four-man world champions without taxwoman after title wins (status: 1989 until after the 2018 World Cup).

Women (1989-2018)
space	nation	World title
1	United States	8th
2	Australia	5
3	Netherlands	3 each
	Belarus
4th	United Kingdom	2
5	German Democratic Republic	1 each
	Romania
	Canada
	People's Republic of China
	Ukraine
	France
	New Zealand

literature

• Wolfgang Fritsch: manual for rowing: training - stamina - free time . 4th, revised edition. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2006, ISBN 978-3-89899-111-7 .

Web links

Commons : Four without a helmsman  - collection of images

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} world best times in rowing. Retrieved November 2, 2014 . 
2. ↑ Rowing competition rules (RWR) of the German Rowing Association; valid from January 1, 2016. (PDF; 666 kB) (No longer available online.) In: www.rudern.de. German Rowing Association, archived from the original on April 29, 2016 ; Retrieved April 29, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ↑ Dimensions of various quad versions at the Empacher shipyard. (No longer available online.) Empacher boatyard , archived from the original on December 23, 2015 ; Retrieved November 2, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
4. ↑ Responsibility in the rowboat. (No longer available online.) German Rowing Association , archived from the original on October 16, 2014 ; Retrieved November 2, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
5. ^ Result Olympia 1904 (men). Retrieved October 10, 2014 . 
6. ↑ Entries by Event. (PDF; 33 kB) FISA, accessed on October 10, 2014 (English). 
7. ↑ Carsten Oberhagemann: Olympia: Four remains unchanged. (No longer available online.) Deutschland-Achter, June 30, 2012, archived from the original on October 15, 2014 ; Retrieved October 10, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
8. ↑ Men's foursome (M4-) (2012 Olympic Games). (No longer available online.) Rudern.de ( DRV ), archived from the original on October 16, 2014 ; Retrieved October 10, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
9. ↑ Results of the 2012 Olympics (men). Retrieved October 10, 2014 . 
10. ↑ 2013 to 2016 FISA Long Term Planning Calendar. (PDF; 139 kB) FISA, accessed on October 10, 2014 (English). 
11. ^ Result of the 1992 Olympics (women). Retrieved October 10, 2014 . 
12. ↑ Result of the 2014 World Cup (women). Retrieved November 18, 2016 .