Double fours

Double fours
Officially	4x	Quadruple sculls
length	approx. 12 m
Minimum weight	52 kg
Olympic boat class
Men	since 1976
Women	1976–1984 (with tax office) since 1988 (without tax office)
FISA boat class
Men	since 1974
Women	1974–1983 (with tax) since 1985 (without tax)
World best times (2000 m)
Men:	5: 32.26 min (August 30, 2014, Bosbaan , Amsterdam )
Artem Morosow , Oleksandr Nadtoka , Dmytro Michai and Iwan Dowhodko
Women:	6: 06.84 min (August 30, 2014, Bosbaan , Amsterdam )
Carina Bär , Julia Lier , Annekatrin Thiele and Lisa Schmidla
Men lightweight:	5: 42.75 min (August 29, 2014, Bosbaan , Amsterdam )
Spyridon Giannaros , Panagiotis Magdanis , Georgios Konsolas and Eleftherios Konsolas
Women lightweight:	6: 15.95 min (August 29, 2014, Bosbaan , Amsterdam )
Elisabeth Woerner , Maaike Head , Mirte Kraaijkamp and Ilse Paulis

The double quad (abbreviation 4x ) is a boat class in rowing . Four rowers sit in the boat, each driving the boat with two sculls . The variant of the double quad without a helmsman (4x-) is far more important today, although the double quad with a helmsman (4x +) also exists and is used in rowing regattas . The double quad is also important today as a lightweight version.

After the belt eight , the double quad (without stems) as the largest crew boat in the scull area is the second fastest boat class in rowing. Since 1976 he has been part of the Olympic rowing regatta for men and women.

description

The rowers in (unlimited) quadruples do not have to adhere to a weight limit. This does not apply to the lightweight version: men's teams may weigh a maximum of 70 kg on average, women's teams 57 kg. In the case of the steered quadruple, the helmsman must weigh at least 55 kg (men) or 50 kg (women). The classic competition route in quadruples corresponds to the Olympic distance of 2000 meters.

The material and construction of the boat are similar to those of typical racing rowing boats. The boat is about 12 meters long, about 45 cm wide at the waterline and weighs at least 52 kg. Four outriggers are required on each side of the boat . In the controlled quadruple scull, the helmsman is often placed lying down in front of the rowers for reasons of optimal weight distribution (i.e. at the very front of the boat), although this is not required by the regulations. Rear seated helmsmen are also allowed. The control fin is always attached near the stern . A foot control is built into the uncontrolled quad so that one of the rowers is entrusted with steering the boat.

In addition to the boat class described here, there are also the four without a helmsman and the four with a helmsman . In contrast to the double fours, both are belt boat classes and therefore as such are somewhat slower than the rolled fours.

history

For a long time, the double sculls sculling boat was not part of the Olympic program at all. It has only been held since 1976, at the same time as the introduction of the women's competition classes in Olympic rowing. The women's double scull was initially controlled and advertised over a competition distance of only 1000 meters, but this was adapted to the men's standard (uncontrolled, 2000 m) for the 1988 Games in Seoul. The double foursome of the lightweights was never Olympic. At World Rowing Championships and European Rowing Championships and the U23 area and also limited in the junior four sculls race start for quite some time: For men and women respectively in the full and light duty.

In addition, the (controlled) quad scull is an important boat class in children's and youth training. As the most stable of all racing boats in terms of position, it is ideal for introducing yourself to racing rowing .

literature

• Wolfgang Fritsch: manual for rowing: training - stamina - free time . 4th, revised edition. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2006, ISBN 978-3-89899-111-7 .

Web links

Commons : Quadruple  Collection of Images

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Best times: Elite. World Rowing Association , accessed on October 19, 2014 . 
2. ↑ Rowing competition rules (RWR) of the German Rowing Association; valid from January 1, 2016. (PDF; 666 kB) (No longer available online.) In: www.rudern.de. German Rowing Association, archived from the original on April 29, 2016 ; Retrieved April 29, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ↑ Dimensions of various quad versions at the Empacher shipyard. (No longer available online.) Empacher boatyard , archived from the original on December 23, 2015 ; Retrieved October 19, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.