List of major oil spills
The list of major oil spills resulting events in which a larger amount of crude oil or petroleum products is released, especially in accidents of oil tankers and accidents on oil rigs . An oil spill causes ecological damage and economic losses for fishing and tourism . Fires cause significant air pollution. The list does not claim to be complete.
Historically significant oil spills
In this table the amount released is given in tons ; In many reports there are also quantitative data in the volume measures liters or barrel (about 159 liters). For example, for the Deepwater Horizon disaster of 2010, a quantity of “Volume: 780,000 m³ ± 10%” can be found. When making comparisons, the density of the hazardous substance in particular must be taken into account, which in the case of crude oil ("crude oil") is usually around 1 kg / dm 3 = 1 t / m 3 . Light petroleum products such as diesel or gasoline with densities around 0.9 float on water. Heavy oil and asphalt also sink in seawater with a density of 1.03. Crude oil can float or sink depending on the density conditions. The salt content of the water and the temperature play a role here, since organic liquids have greater thermal expansion. If light hydrocarbons evaporate from a mixture , the residue can become heavier than water and sink.
date | designation | Owner | Disaster | Released amount (in tons ) |
Hazardous substance | root cause |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec 14, 1907 | Thomas W. Lawson | Coastwise Transportation Co. | near the Isles of Scilly , England, Atlantic | 6,000 to 8,000 | Light oil in barrels | Ship sinking in a storm |
14 Mar 1910 | Lakeview Gusher | Lakeview Oil Company | near Taft (California) | 1,230,000 | crude oil | Drilling accident |
1950 | Greenpoint oil spill | Standard Oil Company and others | Greenpoint , Brooklyn | 55,200 to 97,400 | crude oil | Outflow from oil refineries |
Jan. 19, 1955 | Gerd Maersk | AP Møller-Mærsk | Elbe estuary | 7,000 to 8,000 | crude oil | Tank accident |
June 9, 1955 | Johannishus | Swedish shipping company | English Channel | 10,000 to 20,000 | crude oil | Tanker accident, collision with another tanker |
1960 – today | Oil spill in the Niger Delta | Shell , Chevron , ExxonMobil and Total | Niger Delta | 408,000 | Crude oil, including refined products such as kerosene, gasoline and diesel | Obsolete and poorly maintained pipelines and wellheads, sabotage and illegal tapping of the pipelines |
1960 – today | Oil spill in Western Siberia | Lukoil , Surgutneftegas , Yukos , Sidanko, Tatneft , TNK-BP and Total | Western Siberia , Tyumen Production Region | 15,330,000 annually | crude oil | Defective and poorly maintained pipelines and conveyor systems |
Dec 6, 1960 | Sinclair Petrolore | Brazilian owner | Atlantic off Brazil | 59,860 | crude oil | Tank accident |
1967 – today | Oil spill in the northern Amazon lowlands of Ecuador | Texaco (now Chevron Corporation ), initially Gulf Oil and Petroecuador | Ecuador , Sucumbíos Province and Orellana Province | 115,000 | 60,000 t of oil residues and over 55,000 t of crude oil | Defective and poorly maintained pipelines and conveyor systems |
May 22, 1965 | Heimvard | k. A. | at Hokkaidō | 50,000 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Feb. 1966 | Anne Mildred Brøvig | registered in Norway | west of Heligoland | 16,800 | crude oil | Tanker accident, collision with a coaster |
June 1966 | Texaco Massachusetts | registered in the USA | Manhattan Harbor | 1,300 | Gasoline, naphtha | Tanker accident, collision with the British Alva Cape , fire, later explosion |
March 1967 | Torrey Canyon | Unocal (USA), chartered by BP (GB) | off the coast of southern England | 119,000 | crude oil | Tanker collides with reef, sinks, breaks while attempting to recover, bombing |
Feb. 29, 1968 | Mandoil | k. A. | off Warrenton, Oregon | 42,860 | crude oil | Tank accident |
June 13, 1968 | World Glory | k. A. | about 100 km east of Durban | 48,300 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Jan. 1969 | Platform A from Unocal | Unocal | California | 11,200 to 14,000 | crude oil | Accident on oil island |
Feb. 1969 | Julius Schindler | Ernst Russ, Hamburg | Ponta Delgada , Azores | 9,000 to 90,000 | crude oil | Tanker accident |
20 Mar 1970 | Otello | Wallenius | Tralhavet Bay east of Växholm | 61,220 | crude oil | Tank accident |
June 1, 1970 | Ennerdale | k. A. | Seychelles | 46,940 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Feb 1971 | Wafra | Getty Tankers Limited | Needle Cape , South Africa | 27,000 to 65,000 | crude oil | Tanker accident, broken away from the towing vehicle after the engine room was flooded and stranded, later towed free and sunk |
Dec 1971 | Texaco Denmark | Texaco Overseas Tankship Ltd., London | North Sea | 100,000 or more | crude oil | Tanker accident |
June 11, 1972 | Trader | k. A. | East coast of Greece | 37,400 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Dec 1972 | Sea Star | Korea | Gulf of Oman | 115,000 | crude oil | Tanker accident, collision with tanker Horta Barbosa |
June 10, 1973 | Napier | k. A. | West coast of Chile | 38,440 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Aug 1974 | Metula | Shell Tankers BV, Rotterdam | Strait of Magellan | 53,000 | crude oil | The 6-year-old tanker ran aground in the Strait of Magellan |
Nov 9, 1974 | Yuyo Maru No. 10 | k. A. | Tokyo Bay, Honshu | 53,740 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Jan. 13, 1975 | British Ambassador | k. A. | 333 km west of Iwojima | 48,300 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Jan. 1975 | Jakob Maersk | AP Møller-Mærsk | in front of Porto , Portugal | 88,000 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Feb 6, 1976 | Saint Peter | k. A. | 56 km west of Punta Manglares | 35,030 | crude oil | Tank accident |
May 1976 | Urquiola | k. A. | A Coruña , Spain | 50,000 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Oct 1976 | Bohlen | German shipping company Rostock (GDR) | French Atlantic coast | 2,000 | crude oil | Tanker accident, ran aground |
Dec 1976 | Argo Merchant | Thebes Shipping Inc., Monrovia | 29 nautical miles southeast of Nantucket Island | 30,000 | heavy fuel oil No. 6th | Tanker accident, ran aground |
Feb 7, 1977 | Borag | k. A. | East China Lake, 3 km north of Chilung | 35,370 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Feb 1977 | Hawaiian patriot | k. A. | 500 km from Honolulu | 95,000 | crude oil | Tank accident, fire |
Apr 1977 | Ekofisk Bravo | k. A. | North Sea | 23,000 | crude oil | Oil rig, blowout |
Aug 5, 1977 | Potomac | US Navy | Melville Bay , Greenland | 405 | heavy fuel oil No. 6th | Tanker colliding with an iceberg |
March 1978 | Amoco Cadiz | BP (GB) / Amoco (USA) | in front of Portsall on the Breton coast | 223,000 | crude oil | Tanker accident, rudder failure with subsequent rock run-out |
7th Dec 1978 | Tadotsu | k. A. | Dumai, Malakka Street | 44,900 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Dec. 31, 1978 | Andros Patria | k. A. | Biscaya, in front of Cape Villano | 49,660 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Jan. 8, 1979 | Betelgeuse | Compagnie Navale des Pétroles, France | Whiddy Island (Ireland) | 40,000 | crude oil | Tank accident, explosion |
Apr 28, 1979 | Gino | k. A. | off the island of Ouessant , Brittany | 34,350 | crude oil | Tank accident |
3rd June 1979 | Ixtoc I | PEMEX | Gulf of Mexico | 400,000 to 1,400,000 | crude oil | Misfortune on an oil rig, blowout |
July 19, 1979 | Atlantic Empress | Greek ship, registered in Liberia | off Tobago , Caribbean Islands | 287,000 | crude oil | Tanker accident, collision with the tanker Aegean Captain |
Aug 26, 1979 | Patianna | k. A. | before Dubai | 38,100 | crude oil | Shipwreck |
Nov 1, 1979 | Burmah Agate | k. A. | Texas coast | 8,500, an additional 25,000 burned | crude oil | Tanker accident, ship collision |
Nov 15, 1979 | Independența | k. A. | Southern turkey | 95,000 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Feb. 1980 | Irene's serenade | registered in Greece | Bay of Navarino in front of the southern Peloponnese | 100,000 | crude oil | Tank accident, explosion and subsequent fire |
March 1980 | Tanio | registered in Madagascar | north of the Ile de Batz, Brittany | 13,500 | Heating oil | Tank accident, storm |
Dec 29, 1980 | Juan Antonio Lavalleja | k. A. | Arzew, Algeria | 37,400 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Feb. 1983 | Nowruz oil field | k. A. | Persian Gulf | 260,000 | crude oil | Collision of a tanker with an oil rig, consequences of the first Gulf War |
Aug 1983 | Bellver Castle | k. A. | Saldanha Bay , South Africa | 252,000 | crude oil | Tank accident, fire |
Dec 9, 1983 | Pericles GC | k. A. | 30 km east-northeast of Doha | 47,620 | crude oil | Tank accident |
June 1985 | Tengiz | k. A. | Kazakhstan, Soviet Union | crude oil | Blowout | |
Dec 1985 | nova | k. A. | off the island of Charg in the Persian Gulf, Iran | 75,000 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Apr 22, 1988 | Athenian Venture | Patron Marine | 644 km southeast of Cape Race | petrol | Tank accident | |
Nov. 1988 | Odyssey | k. A. | Canada | 132,000 | crude oil | Tank accident, fire |
March 1989 | Exxon Valdez | Exxon (USA) | Prince William Sound , Alaska | 37,000 | crude oil | Tanker accident, navigation error |
Dec 1989 | Khark 5 | k. A. | Atlantic coast off Morocco | 80,000 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Apr. 1991 | Haven | Amoco (USA) | Gulf of Genoa , Italy | 144,000 | crude oil | Tank accident, fire |
Jan. 1991 | Oil spill in the Persian Gulf in 1991 | k. A. | South Kuwait, Saudi Arabia | 800,000 to 1,700,000 | crude oil | Consequences of the Second Gulf War |
May 1991 | ABT Summer | k. A. | 1000 km from Angola | 49,000 to 255,000 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Apr 1992 | Katina P | under the Maltese flag | off Maputo , Mozambique | 72,000 | Heavy fuel oil | Tank accident |
Dec 1992 | Aegean Sea | under the Greek flag | A Coruña / Spain | 74,000 | light crude oil | Tanker accident, ran aground |
Jan. 1993 | Braer | under the Liberian flag | off the Shetland Islands | 85,000 | light crude oil | Tanker accident, ran aground |
Oct 21, 1994 | Thanassis A. | k. A. | South China Lake | 37,075 | crude oil | Tank accident |
Feb 1996 | Sea Empress | registered in Liberia | off Milford Haven , Wales | 72,000 | crude oil | Tanker accident, ran aground several times due to pilot errors and improper recovery |
Jan. 1997 | Nachodka | Owner: Prisco Traffic Limited Shipping company: Primorsk Shipping |
Japan | 19,000 | Heavy fuel oil | Oil tanker broken in two after 26 years of service |
Dec 1999 | Erika | TotalFina (France) | in the southern Breton coast | 26,000 | heavy fuel oil N ° 2 | Tank accident, material fatigue |
Jan. 2001 | Jessica | Acotramar | Galapagos Islands Nature Reserve | 900 | fuel | Tanker accident, navigation error with subsequent bottom run |
2002 | sunken ship (?) | coast | California | k. A. | A ship that sank almost 50 years earlier (around 1953–1957)? Or the German freighter Rio Grande, which sank in 1944? | |
Oct 2002 | Limburg | Moray Marine, Singapore | Ash Shihr Oil Terminal, Yemen | 14,500 | crude oil | Bomb attack |
Nov. 2002 | Prestigious | Company in Liberia | 270 km off the coast of Galicia , Spain | 63,000 | heavy fuel oil | Tanker accident, machine failure with subsequent bottom run-up |
July 2003 | Tasman Spirit | Assimina Maritime / Pelembros Shipping, Piraeus |
Arabian Sea near Karachi | 12,000 to 24,000 | crude oil | 24 year old tanker stranded |
2004 - today | Oil rig 23051 | Taylor Energy | Gulf of Mexico | crude oil | Landslide caused by hurricane Ivan | |
July 2006 | 2006 Eastern Mediterranean oil spill | k. A. | Lebanese coast | 10,000 to 35,000 | medium-heavy fuel oil | Destruction of the oil store of a Lebanese power plant as a result of the Lebanon war |
Aug 2006 | Solar 1 | Sunshine Maritime Development, Manila | between the Philippine islands of Guimaras and (West) Negros | 2,100 | Heavy oil IFO 217 | Tank accident |
July 2007 | Don Pedro | Compania Iscomar SA, Spain | Ibiza | 200 | Heating oil and bunker oil | Ferry ran aground |
Dec 2007 | Hebei Spirit | registered in Hong Kong | South Korea, 11 km off the coast of Mallipo, port of Daesan | 10,500 | crude oil | Tanker accident, collision with a tow crane |
Feb. 2009 | Admiral Kuznetsov | Russia | South Iceland | 500 to 1,000 | fuel | Aircraft carrier , refueling failure |
March 2009 | Pacific Adventurer | Swire Shipping Ltd., Great Britain | Australia | 270 | Diesel and ammonium fertilizer | Cargo ship, damage from storm |
July 2009 | Full City | Cosco, China, registered in Panama. | 160 km from Oslo , nature reserve affected | 200 to 1,100 | Diesel oil | Bulk carrier, run aground |
Aug 2009 | Montara conveyor platform | PTTEP Australasia, a subsidiary of the PTT Public Company | Timor Sea , Australia | 4,000 | crude oil | Accident on a production platform, fire |
Feb 2010 | Oil spill in northern Italy | Lombarda Petroli | Near Monza , Italy | 500 | Diesel and heating oil | Sabotage in a refinery |
Apr 20, 2010 | Oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 | BP | Gulf of Mexico | 672,000 | Crude oil with a high gas content | Disaster on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig , blowout |
May 2010 | Bunga Kelana 3 | MISC Berhad | Singapore Strait | 2,500 | crude oil | Tanker accident, collision with the bulk carrier Waily |
May 2010 | Oil spill in the Niger Delta | Joint venture oil company between ExxonMobil and the Nigerian state | Niger Delta , Nigeria | 27,000 to 95,500 | crude oil | Leak in a petroleum pipeline, oil leaks for seven days |
May 2010 | Trans-Alaska Pipeline rupture | Alyeska Pipeline Service Company | Alaska , USA | approx. 320 | crude oil | Leak in a petroleum pipeline |
July 2010 | Dalian oil spill | China National Petroleum Corporation | Dalian Port | 1,500 to 60,000 | crude oil | Pipeline explosion and fire in the port |
16. Mar. 2011 | Oliva | Cardiff Marine | Nightingale Island , Tristan da Cunha , South Atlantic | 1,500 | Heavy fuel oil | Cargo ship, run aground on cliffs |
Aug 2011 | Gannet Alpha oil rig | Shell | North Sea | 200 | oil | Leak in pipeline |
Oct 2011 | Oil spill off New Zealand in 2011 | Daina Shipping Company / Ciel Shipmanagement, Athens | Bay of Plenty | 350 | Heavy fuel oil | Cargo ship Rena that ran aground on a reef |
Nov 2011 | Leaking borehole off Brazil 2011 | Chevron, Petrobras, Japanese company | Brazil | 360 | oil | leaky borehole |
Dec 20, 2011 | Accident in the Bonga oil field | Shell | Coast off Nigeria | 5,000 | crude oil | Accident at the loading station |
Nov 22, 2013 | Explosion of an oil pipeline in eastern China | Sinopec | Qingdao | unknown | crude oil | Oil leak |
19th May 2015 | 2015 California oil spill | Plains All American Pipeline | Santa Barbara | 400 | crude oil | Leak in a petroleum pipeline |
Sep 10 2017 | Agia Zoni II | Agia Zoni Shipping, Athens | Salamis Bay near Athens | less than 2,500 | fuel | Ship sinks with a leak, leak is sealed |
August – October 2019 | Oil spill off Brazil , more than 200 beaches, up to 2000 km of coastline | unknown | Atlantic off NE-Brazil, e.g. B. at Maragogi | more than 600 (oil with sand) | Lump of oil, oil from Venezuela | unknown, suspected sabotage of an oil field auction |
May 29, 2020 | Diesel oil disaster near Norilsk | Nornickel | Near Norilsk | 17,500 | Diesel fuel | Thawing permafrost soil causes a support pillar of a tank farm to sink and leak |
Aug 2020 | Wakashio | Nagashiki Shipping , Japan | At Mauritius | 1,000 (so far) | Heavy fuel oil (fuel for the ship itself) | The cargo ship ran aground on July 25, 2020. As of August 8th, around a quarter of the 4,000 tons of oil stashed had leaked. Tourism and nature are affected. |
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ William Rintoul, Susan F. Hodgson: Drilling through time: 75 years with California's Division of Oil and Gas, pp. 13-15, Sacramento: California Department of Conservation, Division of Oil and Gas 1990, ISBN 0-9627124-0- X
- ↑ Greenpoint, Maspeth Residents Lobby To Get 55-Year-Old Oil Spill Cleaned Up , nysun.com, November 18, 2005 (English)
- ↑ Contaminated Niger Delta , n-tv.de. July 14, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2010.
- ↑ UNDP Niger Delta Human Development Report (PDF, 3 MB) , ng.undp.org. 2006. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013 Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved October 22, 2013.
- ^ A b UNEP Post-Conflict and Disaster Management Branch: Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland , unep.org. August 2011. Accessed October 22, 2013.
- ↑ M. Lodewijkx, Henk Blok. Verina Ingram, Reimond Willemse, TF Huber: West Siberia Oil Industry Environmental and Social Profile - Final Report (PDF, p. 6) IWACO Rotterdam (NL) 2001.
- ↑ a b c Karsten Smid (author), Greenpeace Germany (ed.): Black Book Security of Supply. greenpeace.de (PDF, p. 6.) 03/2006.
- ^ A b c Philip Franz Fridolin Gondecki: We defend our forest. Dissertation at the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Bonn , online version , University and State Library Bonn, published on January 22, 2015. pp. 237, 260–262, 267, 324
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation: Statistics. June 7, 2005 ( online )
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Disasters with oil tankers. In: Der Spiegel , December 12, 1999 ( online )
- ↑ Peter L. Grose, James S. Mattson, Hanne Petersen: USNS Potomac Oil Spill. Melville Bay, Greenland. August 5, 1977 , Washington, DC, August 1979
- ^ Swetlana Nowak: Silent catastrophe: The Tengiz incident of 1985. In: Novastan. Novastan Foundation, April 27, 2020, accessed on May 5, 2020 (German).
- ↑ Chronology of the most important oil tanker accidents in the last 15 years. In: Tagesschau.de ( online ( Memento from June 2, 2010 in the Internet Archive ))
- ↑ Government hesitated: Brazil is fighting against mysterious oil spill orf.at, October 24, 2019, accessed October 25, 2019.
- ^ Winand von Petersdorff, Washington: Environmental scandal in America: The ignored oil catastrophe . In: FAZ.NET . ISSN 0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed November 1, 2018]).
- ↑ Huge oil slick drifting towards Ireland. In: Die Welt , February 18, 2009 ( online )
- ↑ Australian Transport Safety Bureau: Independent investigation into the loss of containers from Pacific Adventurer off Cape Moreton, Queensland, March 11, 2009 Last accessed January 17, 2016.
- ↑ Joe Brock: Africa's oil spills are far from US media glare . In: Reuters , May 18, 2010. Retrieved May 29, 2010. "100,000 bpd of oil had leaked for a week from a pipeline that has since been mended"
- ^ Adam Nossiter: Far From Gulf, a Spill Scourge 5 Decades Old . June 16, 2010. Retrieved July 6, 2010. "... the company's recent offshore spill leaked only about 8,400 gallons ..."
- ↑ newsmsoliva . In: The Tristan da Cunha website , March 16, 2011. Retrieved April 1, 2011.
- ↑ Brazil Chevron Oil Spill: Up To 2,600 Barrels Leaked. (No longer available online.) Huffington Post, Nov. 18, 2011, archived from the original on May 31, 2014 ; accessed on January 20, 2012 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Shell Nigeria temporarily shuts in Bonga field in response to oil leak. (No longer available online.) Royal Dutch Shell, December 21, 2011, archived from the original on January 19, 2012 ; accessed on January 20, 2012 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ 35 dead in an oil pipeline explosion in east China. (No longer available online.) Web.de, November 22, 2013, archived from the original on November 24, 2013 ; Retrieved November 23, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Pipeline leak: oil spill spreads off California. spiegel.de, May 20, 2015, accessed September 26, 2015 .
- ↑ Months of cleaning up after a tank accident near Athens . orf.at, September 12, 2017, accessed September 12, 2017.
- ↑ Government hesitated: Brazil is fighting against mysterious oil spill . orf.at, October 24, 2019, accessed October 25, 2019.
- ↑ Russia: Oil disaster in a Siberian power station . In: Zeit Online , June 4, 2020, accessed on July 4, 2020.
- ↑ Environmental emergency: Mauritius fights against oil spill orf.at, August 8, 2020, accessed August 8, 2020.