List of major oil spills

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Workers clean the beach on Prince William Sound , 1989

The list of major oil spills resulting events in which a larger amount of crude oil or petroleum products is released, especially in accidents of oil tankers and accidents on oil rigs . An oil spill causes ecological damage and economic losses for fishing and tourism . Fires cause significant air pollution. The list does not claim to be complete.

Historically significant oil spills

In this table the amount released is given in tons ; In many reports there are also quantitative data in the volume measures liters or barrel (about 159 liters). For example, for the Deepwater Horizon disaster of 2010, a quantity of “Volume: 780,000  m³ ± 10%” can be found. When making comparisons, the density of the hazardous substance in particular must be taken into account, which in the case of crude oil ("crude oil") is usually around 1 kg / dm 3 = 1 t / m 3 . Light petroleum products such as diesel or gasoline with densities around 0.9 float on water. Heavy oil and asphalt also sink in seawater with a density of 1.03. Crude oil can float or sink depending on the density conditions. The salt content of the water and the temperature play a role here, since organic liquids have greater thermal expansion. If light hydrocarbons evaporate from a mixture , the residue can become heavier than water and sink.

date designation Owner Disaster Released
amount (in tons ) 		Hazardous substance root cause
Dec 14, 1907 Thomas W. Lawson Coastwise Transportation Co. near the Isles of Scilly , England, Atlantic 6,000 to 8,000 Light oil in barrels Ship sinking in a storm
14 Mar 1910 Lakeview Gusher Lakeview Oil Company near Taft (California) 1,230,000 crude oil Drilling accident
  1950 Greenpoint oil spill Standard Oil Company and others Greenpoint , Brooklyn 55,200 to 97,400 crude oil Outflow from oil refineries
Jan. 19, 1955 Gerd Maersk AP Møller-Mærsk Elbe estuary 7,000 to 8,000 crude oil Tank accident
0June 9, 1955 Johannishus Swedish shipping company English Channel 10,000 to 20,000 crude oil Tanker accident, collision with another tanker
  1960 – today Oil spill in the Niger Delta Shell , Chevron , ExxonMobil and Total Niger Delta 408,000 Crude oil, including refined products such as kerosene, gasoline and diesel Obsolete and poorly maintained pipelines and wellheads, sabotage and illegal tapping of the pipelines
  1960 – today Oil spill in Western Siberia Lukoil , Surgutneftegas , Yukos , Sidanko, Tatneft , TNK-BP and Total Western Siberia , Tyumen Production Region 15,330,000 annually crude oil Defective and poorly maintained pipelines and conveyor systems
0Dec 6, 1960 Sinclair Petrolore Brazilian owner Atlantic off Brazil 59,860 crude oil Tank accident
  1967 – today Oil spill in the northern Amazon lowlands of Ecuador Texaco (now Chevron Corporation ), initially Gulf Oil and Petroecuador Ecuador , Sucumbíos Province and Orellana Province 115,000 60,000 t of oil residues and over 55,000 t of crude oil Defective and poorly maintained pipelines and conveyor systems
May 22, 1965 Heimvard k. A. at Hokkaidō 50,000 crude oil Tank accident
 Feb. 1966 Anne Mildred Brøvig registered in Norway west of Heligoland 16,800 crude oil Tanker accident, collision with a coaster
 June 1966 Texaco Massachusetts registered in the USA Manhattan Harbor 1,300 Gasoline, naphtha Tanker accident, collision with the British Alva Cape , fire, later explosion
 March 1967 Torrey Canyon Unocal (USA), chartered by BP (GB) off the coast of southern England 119,000 crude oil Tanker collides with reef, sinks, breaks while attempting to recover, bombing
Feb. 29, 1968 Mandoil k. A. off Warrenton, Oregon 42,860 crude oil Tank accident
June 13, 1968 World Glory k. A. about 100 km east of Durban 48,300 crude oil Tank accident
 Jan. 1969 Platform A from Unocal Unocal California 11,200 to 14,000 crude oil Accident on oil island
 Feb. 1969 Julius Schindler Ernst Russ, Hamburg Ponta Delgada , Azores 9,000 to 90,000 crude oil Tanker accident
20 Mar 1970 Otello Wallenius Tralhavet Bay east of Växholm 61,220 crude oil Tank accident
0June 1, 1970 Ennerdale k. A. Seychelles 46,940 crude oil Tank accident
 Feb 1971 Wafra Getty Tankers Limited Needle Cape , South Africa 27,000 to 65,000 crude oil Tanker accident, broken away from the towing vehicle after the engine room was flooded and stranded, later towed free and sunk
 Dec 1971 Texaco Denmark Texaco Overseas Tankship Ltd., London North Sea 100,000 or more crude oil Tanker accident
June 11, 1972 Trader k. A. East coast of Greece 37,400 crude oil Tank accident
 Dec 1972 Sea Star Korea Gulf of Oman 115,000 crude oil Tanker accident, collision with tanker Horta Barbosa
June 10, 1973 Napier k. A. West coast of Chile 38,440 crude oil Tank accident
 Aug 1974 Metula Shell Tankers BV, Rotterdam Strait of Magellan 53,000 crude oil The 6-year-old tanker ran aground in the Strait of Magellan
0Nov 9, 1974 Yuyo Maru No. 10 k. A. Tokyo Bay, Honshu 53,740 crude oil Tank accident
Jan. 13, 1975 British Ambassador k. A. 333 km west of Iwojima 48,300 crude oil Tank accident
 Jan. 1975 Jakob Maersk AP Møller-Mærsk in front of Porto , Portugal 88,000 crude oil Tank accident
0Feb 6, 1976 Saint Peter k. A. 56 km west of Punta Manglares 35,030 crude oil Tank accident
 May 1976 Urquiola k. A. A Coruña , Spain 50,000 crude oil Tank accident
 Oct 1976 Bohlen German shipping company Rostock (GDR) French Atlantic coast 2,000 crude oil Tanker accident, ran aground
 Dec 1976 Argo Merchant Thebes Shipping Inc., Monrovia 29 nautical miles southeast of Nantucket Island 30,000 heavy fuel oil No. 6th Tanker accident, ran aground
0Feb 7, 1977 Borag k. A. East China Lake, 3 km north of Chilung 35,370 crude oil Tank accident
 Feb 1977 Hawaiian patriot k. A. 500 km from Honolulu 95,000 crude oil Tank accident, fire
 Apr 1977 Ekofisk Bravo k. A. North Sea 23,000 crude oil Oil rig, blowout
0Aug 5, 1977 Potomac US Navy Melville Bay , Greenland 405 heavy fuel oil No. 6th Tanker colliding with an iceberg
 March 1978 Amoco Cadiz BP (GB) / Amoco (USA) in front of Portsall on the Breton coast 223,000 crude oil Tanker accident, rudder failure with subsequent rock run-out
07th Dec 1978 Tadotsu k. A. Dumai, Malakka Street 44,900 crude oil Tank accident
Dec. 31, 1978 Andros Patria k. A. Biscaya, in front of Cape Villano 49,660 crude oil Tank accident
0Jan. 8, 1979 Betelgeuse Compagnie Navale des Pétroles, France Whiddy Island (Ireland) 40,000 crude oil Tank accident, explosion
Apr 28, 1979 Gino k. A. off the island of Ouessant , Brittany 34,350 crude oil Tank accident
03rd June 1979 Ixtoc I PEMEX Gulf of Mexico 400,000 to 1,400,000 crude oil Misfortune on an oil rig, blowout
July 19, 1979 Atlantic Empress Greek ship, registered in Liberia off Tobago , Caribbean Islands 287,000 crude oil Tanker accident, collision with the tanker Aegean Captain
Aug 26, 1979 Patianna k. A. before Dubai 38,100 crude oil Shipwreck
0Nov 1, 1979 Burmah Agate k. A. Texas coast 8,500, an additional 25,000 burned crude oil Tanker accident, ship collision
Nov 15, 1979 Independența k. A. Southern turkey 95,000 crude oil Tank accident
 Feb. 1980 Irene's serenade registered in Greece Bay of Navarino in front of the southern Peloponnese 100,000 crude oil Tank accident, explosion and subsequent fire
 March 1980 Tanio registered in Madagascar north of the Ile de Batz, Brittany 13,500 Heating oil Tank accident, storm
Dec 29, 1980 Juan Antonio Lavalleja k. A. Arzew, Algeria 37,400 crude oil Tank accident
 Feb. 1983 Nowruz oil field k. A. Persian Gulf 260,000 crude oil Collision of a tanker with an oil rig, consequences of the first Gulf War
 Aug 1983 Bellver Castle k. A. Saldanha Bay , South Africa 252,000 crude oil Tank accident, fire
0Dec 9, 1983 Pericles GC k. A. 30 km east-northeast of Doha 47,620 crude oil Tank accident
June 1985 Tengiz k. A. Kazakhstan, Soviet Union crude oil Blowout
 Dec 1985 nova k. A. off the island of Charg in the Persian Gulf, Iran 75,000 crude oil Tank accident
Apr 22, 1988 Athenian Venture Patron Marine 644 km southeast of Cape Race petrol Tank accident
 Nov. 1988 Odyssey k. A. Canada 132,000 crude oil Tank accident, fire
 March 1989 Exxon Valdez Exxon (USA) Prince William Sound , Alaska 37,000 crude oil Tanker accident, navigation error
 Dec 1989 Khark 5 k. A. Atlantic coast off Morocco 80,000 crude oil Tank accident
 Apr. 1991 Haven Amoco (USA) Gulf of Genoa , Italy 144,000 crude oil Tank accident, fire
 Jan. 1991 Oil spill in the Persian Gulf in 1991 k. A. South Kuwait, Saudi Arabia 800,000 to 1,700,000 crude oil Consequences of the Second Gulf War
 May 1991 ABT Summer k. A. 1000 km from Angola 49,000 to 255,000 crude oil Tank accident
 Apr 1992 Katina P under the Maltese flag off Maputo , Mozambique 72,000 Heavy fuel oil Tank accident
 Dec 1992 Aegean Sea under the Greek flag A Coruña / Spain 74,000 light crude oil Tanker accident, ran aground
 Jan. 1993 Braer under the Liberian flag off the Shetland Islands 85,000 light crude oil Tanker accident, ran aground
Oct 21, 1994 Thanassis A. k. A. South China Lake 37,075 crude oil Tank accident
 Feb 1996 Sea Empress registered in Liberia off Milford Haven , Wales 72,000 crude oil Tanker accident, ran aground several times due to pilot errors and improper recovery
 Jan. 1997 Nachodka Owner: Prisco Traffic Limited
Shipping company: Primorsk Shipping 		Japan 19,000 Heavy fuel oil Oil tanker broken in two after 26 years of service
 Dec 1999 Erika TotalFina (France) in the southern Breton coast 26,000 heavy fuel oil N ° 2 Tank accident, material fatigue
 Jan. 2001 Jessica Acotramar Galapagos Islands Nature Reserve 900 fuel Tanker accident, navigation error with subsequent bottom run
  2002 sunken ship (?) coast California k. A. A ship that sank almost 50 years earlier (around 1953–1957)? Or the German freighter Rio Grande, which sank in 1944?
 Oct 2002 Limburg Moray Marine, Singapore Ash Shihr Oil Terminal, Yemen 14,500 crude oil Bomb attack
 Nov. 2002 Prestigious Company in Liberia 270 km off the coast of Galicia , Spain 63,000 heavy fuel oil Tanker accident, machine failure with subsequent bottom run-up
 July 2003 Tasman Spirit Assimina Maritime /
Pelembros Shipping, Piraeus 		Arabian Sea near Karachi 12,000 to 24,000 crude oil 24 year old tanker stranded
2004 - today Oil rig 23051 Taylor Energy Gulf of Mexico crude oil Landslide caused by hurricane Ivan
 July 2006 2006 Eastern Mediterranean oil spill k. A. Lebanese coast 10,000 to 35,000 medium-heavy fuel oil Destruction of the oil store of a Lebanese power plant as a result of the Lebanon war
 Aug 2006 Solar 1 Sunshine Maritime Development, Manila between the Philippine islands of Guimaras and (West) Negros 2,100 Heavy oil IFO 217 Tank accident
 July 2007 Don Pedro Compania Iscomar SA, Spain Ibiza 200 Heating oil and bunker oil Ferry ran aground
 Dec 2007 Hebei Spirit registered in Hong Kong South Korea, 11 km off the coast of Mallipo, port of Daesan 10,500 crude oil Tanker accident, collision with a tow crane
 Feb. 2009 Admiral Kuznetsov Russia South Iceland 500 to 1,000 fuel Aircraft carrier , refueling failure
 March 2009 Pacific Adventurer Swire Shipping Ltd., Great Britain Australia 270 Diesel and ammonium fertilizer Cargo ship, damage from storm
 July 2009 Full City Cosco, China, registered in Panama. 160 km from Oslo , nature reserve affected 200 to 1,100 Diesel oil Bulk carrier, run aground
 Aug 2009 Montara conveyor platform PTTEP Australasia, a subsidiary of the PTT Public Company Timor Sea , Australia 4,000 crude oil Accident on a production platform, fire
 Feb 2010 Oil spill in northern Italy Lombarda Petroli Near Monza , Italy 500 Diesel and heating oil Sabotage in a refinery
Apr 20, 2010 Oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 BP Gulf of Mexico 672,000 Crude oil with a high gas content Disaster on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig , blowout
 May 2010 Bunga Kelana 3 MISC Berhad Singapore Strait 2,500 crude oil Tanker accident, collision with the bulk carrier Waily
 May 2010 Oil spill in the Niger Delta Joint venture oil company between ExxonMobil and the Nigerian state Niger Delta , Nigeria 27,000 to 95,500 crude oil Leak in a petroleum pipeline, oil leaks for seven days
 May 2010 Trans-Alaska Pipeline rupture Alyeska Pipeline Service Company Alaska , USA approx. 320 crude oil Leak in a petroleum pipeline
 July 2010 Dalian oil spill China National Petroleum Corporation Dalian Port 1,500 to 60,000 crude oil Pipeline explosion and fire in the port
16. Mar. 2011 Oliva Cardiff Marine Nightingale Island , Tristan da Cunha , South Atlantic 1,500 Heavy fuel oil Cargo ship, run aground on cliffs
 Aug 2011 Gannet Alpha oil rig Shell North Sea 200 oil Leak in pipeline
 Oct 2011 Oil spill off New Zealand in 2011 Daina Shipping Company / Ciel Shipmanagement, Athens Bay of Plenty 350 Heavy fuel oil Cargo ship Rena that ran aground on a reef
 Nov 2011 Leaking borehole off Brazil 2011 Chevron, Petrobras, Japanese company Brazil 360 oil leaky borehole
Dec 20, 2011 Accident in the Bonga oil field Shell Coast off Nigeria 5,000 crude oil Accident at the loading station
Nov 22, 2013 Explosion of an oil pipeline in eastern China Sinopec Qingdao unknown crude oil Oil leak
19th May 2015 2015 California oil spill Plains All American Pipeline Santa Barbara 400 crude oil Leak in a petroleum pipeline
Sep 10 2017 Agia Zoni II Agia Zoni Shipping, Athens Salamis Bay near Athens less than 2,500 fuel Ship sinks with a leak, leak is sealed
August – October 2019 Oil spill off Brazil , more than 200 beaches, up to 2000 km of coastline unknown Atlantic off NE-Brazil, e.g. B. at Maragogi more than 600 (oil with sand) Lump of oil, oil from Venezuela unknown, suspected sabotage of an oil field auction
May 29, 2020 Diesel oil disaster near Norilsk Nornickel Near Norilsk 17,500 Diesel fuel Thawing permafrost soil causes a support pillar of a tank farm to sink and leak
 Aug 2020 Wakashio Nagashiki Shipping , Japan At Mauritius 1,000 (so far) Heavy fuel oil (fuel for the ship itself) The cargo ship ran aground on July 25, 2020. As of August 8th, around a quarter of the 4,000 tons of oil stashed had leaked. Tourism and nature are affected.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ William Rintoul, Susan F. Hodgson: Drilling through time: 75 years with California's Division of Oil and Gas, pp. 13-15, Sacramento: California Department of Conservation, Division of Oil and Gas 1990, ISBN 0-9627124-0- X
  2. ↑ Greenpoint, Maspeth Residents Lobby To Get 55-Year-Old Oil Spill Cleaned Up , nysun.com, November 18, 2005 (English)
  3. ↑ Contaminated Niger Delta , n-tv.de. July 14, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2010. 
  4. ↑ UNDP Niger Delta Human Development Report (PDF, 3 MB) , ng.undp.org. 2006. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013 Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved October 22, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ng.undp.org 
  5. ^ A b UNEP Post-Conflict and Disaster Management Branch: Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland , unep.org. August 2011. Accessed October 22, 2013. 
  6. ↑ M. Lodewijkx, Henk Blok. Verina Ingram, Reimond Willemse, TF Huber: West Siberia Oil Industry Environmental and Social Profile - Final Report (PDF, p. 6) IWACO Rotterdam (NL) 2001.
  7. ↑ a b c Karsten Smid (author), Greenpeace Germany (ed.): Black Book Security of Supply. greenpeace.de (PDF, p. 6.) 03/2006.
  8. ^ A b c Philip Franz Fridolin Gondecki: We defend our forest. Dissertation at the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Bonn , online version , University and State Library Bonn, published on January 22, 2015. pp. 237, 260–262, 267, 324
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation: Statistics. June 7, 2005 ( online )
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h Disasters with oil tankers. In: Der Spiegel , December 12, 1999 ( online )
  11. ↑ Peter L. Grose, James S. Mattson, Hanne Petersen: USNS Potomac Oil Spill. Melville Bay, Greenland. August 5, 1977 , Washington, DC, August 1979
  12. ^ Swetlana Nowak: Silent catastrophe: The Tengiz incident of 1985. In: Novastan. Novastan Foundation, April 27, 2020, accessed on May 5, 2020 (German).
  13. ↑ Chronology of the most important oil tanker accidents in the last 15 years. In: Tagesschau.de ( online ( Memento from June 2, 2010 in the Internet Archive ))
  14. ↑ Government hesitated: Brazil is fighting against mysterious oil spill orf.at, October 24, 2019, accessed October 25, 2019.
  15. ^ Winand von Petersdorff, Washington: Environmental scandal in America: The ignored oil catastrophe . In: FAZ.NET . ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed November 1, 2018]).
  16. ↑ Huge oil slick drifting towards Ireland. In: Die Welt , February 18, 2009 ( online )
  17. ↑ Australian Transport Safety Bureau: Independent investigation into the loss of containers from Pacific Adventurer off Cape Moreton, Queensland, March 11, 2009 Last accessed January 17, 2016.
  18. ↑ Joe Brock: Africa's oil spills are far from US media glare . In: Reuters , May 18, 2010. Retrieved May 29, 2010. "100,000 bpd of oil had leaked for a week from a pipeline that has since been mended" 
  19. ^ Adam Nossiter: Far From Gulf, a Spill Scourge 5 Decades Old . June 16, 2010. Retrieved July 6, 2010. "... the company's recent offshore spill leaked only about 8,400 gallons ..." 
  20. ↑ newsmsoliva . In: The Tristan da Cunha website , March 16, 2011. Retrieved April 1, 2011. 
  21. ↑ Brazil Chevron Oil Spill: Up To 2,600 Barrels Leaked. (No longer available online.) Huffington Post, Nov. 18, 2011, archived from the original on May 31, 2014 ; accessed on January 20, 2012 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.huffingtonpost.com
  22. ↑ Shell Nigeria temporarily shuts in Bonga field in response to oil leak. (No longer available online.) Royal Dutch Shell, December 21, 2011, archived from the original on January 19, 2012 ; accessed on January 20, 2012 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.shell.com.ng
  23. ↑ 35 dead in an oil pipeline explosion in east China. (No longer available online.) Web.de, November 22, 2013, archived from the original on November 24, 2013 ; Retrieved November 23, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / web.de
  24. ↑ Pipeline leak: oil spill spreads off California. spiegel.de, May 20, 2015, accessed September 26, 2015 .
  25. ↑ Months of cleaning up after a tank accident near Athens . orf.at, September 12, 2017, accessed September 12, 2017.
  26. ↑ Government hesitated: Brazil is fighting against mysterious oil spill . orf.at, October 24, 2019, accessed October 25, 2019.
  27. ↑ Russia: Oil disaster in a Siberian power station . In: Zeit Online , June 4, 2020, accessed on July 4, 2020.
  28. ↑ Environmental emergency: Mauritius fights against oil spill orf.at, August 8, 2020, accessed August 8, 2020.