List of early medieval castles in Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein
The list of early medieval castle complexes in Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein contains Frisian , Saxon- Franconian and Abodritic castles (ramparts) and Danish fortifications, which were mainly built in the early Middle Ages , but also into the early High Middle Ages , in the area of today's federal states of Hamburg and Schleswig- Holstein were established.
The beginning of the castle building is to be seen in the context of the changes and ethnic regroupings in the course of the 8th and 9th centuries. Numerous castles were built in the period from the 8th to the early 12th century.
Slavic tribes had taken possession of the south-eastern part of Holstein from 700 AD . In the Schleswig part of the country , a Danish population consolidated on the Schlei . In the North Sea coastal areas were Frisians immigrated. At the end of the 8th century, the northern Albingian Saxons were included in the Frankish sphere and the western part of Holstein up to the Eider was incorporated into the Frankish Empire around 810. This event found expression with the construction of the Domburg in Hamburg and the construction of the Franconian Esesfelth Castle on the western edge of Itzehoe . Probably during the reign of Charlemagne, a border between the Saxons and Slavs was established, the Limes Saxoniae , the course of which Adam of Bremen described in the 11th century. It ran as a wasteland zone from Kiel via Bad Segeberg , accompanied the Travelauf to Bad Oldesloe and led via the Billequelle to the Elbe in the area of Lauenburg . This boundary followed natural cuts in the terrain.
The castles of Holstein are similar in appearance on both sides of the Limes. None of these castles can be dated to the earlier early history or a prehistoric epoch. Common to both populations is the predominantly single -gate ring wall with an average internal dimension of 80 to 100 meters as the predominant layout type . The circle can be reduced to a semicircle wall if it was built against a steep slope or a body of water. A Slavic hilltop castle near Stöfs in the Plön district, which cannot be precisely dated, consists of two concentric semicircular walls. Several Saxon and Slavic ramparts are preceded by one or more straight or sickle-shaped ramparts that enclose a bailey. They can form a building that is isolated from the main castle or are connected to the main castle wall at one or both ends. On the whole, the suburbs seem to be of greater importance in the Slavonic area than in the Saxon area. In the young moraine area, which is rich in lakes, there are several island castles fortified by weaker walls or palisades (e.g. Warder , Plön and Eutin ), which were connected to the land by bridges.
list
Castles in North Frisia
- in the district of North Friesland
- 1. Tinnumburg , municipality of Sylt OT Tinnum , island of Sylt , district of North Friesland
- 2. Rantumburg (Ratsburg), municipality of Sylt OT Rantum (Sylt) , island of Sylt, district of North Friesland
- 3. Archsumburg , municipality of Sylt OT Archsum , island of Sylt, district of North Friesland
- 4. Lembecksburg near Borgsum , Föhr Island , North Friesland district
Systems in the border area with Denmark
Saxon / Franconian castles
- in the district of Dithmarschen
- 7. Bökelburg in Burg , Dithmarschen district
- 8. Stellerburg near Weddingstedt- Borgholz, Dithmarschen district
- in the Rendsburg-Eckernförde district
- 9. Fortifications , Borgdorf-Seedorf , Rendsburg-Eckernförde district (traces of which have been preserved)
- 10. Margarethenschanze in Einfeld , Rendsburg-Eckernförde district
- 11. Rendsburg , Rendsburg-Eckernförde district (facility disappeared)
- in the Steinburg district
- 12. Kaaksburg , Kaaks , Steinburg district
- 13. Franconian Castle Esesfeld west of Itzehoe , Steinburg district (almost leveled)
- 14. Wallberg, Willenscharen , Steinburg district
- in the independent city of Neumünster
- in the Stormarn district
- 18. Nütschauer Schanze , Nütschau , Stormarn (possibly stronghold of Limes Saxoniae)
- in Hamburg
- 19. Hammaburg (Domburg) in Hamburg-Altstadt , (overbuilt) (also in the old town Neue Burg , Bischofsburg , Alsterburg and Wiedenburg )
- 20. Spökelburg , Hamburg-Billstedt
- 21. Castle on the Süllberg , Hamburg-Blankenese
- 22. Harburg (Horeburg), Hamburg-Harburg
- 23. Castle on the Falkenberg , Hamburg-Hausbruch
- 24. Mellingburg in Hamburg-Sasel (leveled, possibly early history)
- 25. Rönneburg (Runneborge) , Hamburg-Rönneburg
- In the Duchy of Lauenburg district
- 26. Ertheneburg on the Elbe, across from Artlenburg, in the municipality of Schnakenbek, district of the Duchy of Lauenburg (possibly identical to the Delbende fort occupied for 822 ; seat of the count from the 11th – 12th centuries)
Slavic castles
- in the Ostholstein district
- 27.Fehmarn castle , Ostholstein district (leveled ring wall)
- 28. Farver Burg , Wangels OT Grammdorf , Ostholstein district
- 29. Pit , Ostholstein district (leveled)
- 30. Oldenburger Wall , Oldenburg in Holstein , Ostholstein district
- 31. Puttgarden Fehmarn , Ostholstein district (leveled ring wall)
- 32. Sipsdorfer Schanze, Lensahn OT Sipsdorf, Ostholstein district
- 33. Süseler Schanze at Süseler See , Ostholstein district
- 34. Utin or Pheasant Island, Eutin , Ostholstein District (fortified island)
- 35. Katzburg near Hassendorf , Ostholstein district
- 36. Blocksberg (Pansdorf) (Pansdorfer Schanze), Pansdorf , Ostholstein district
- 37. Ukleiwall , Eutin OT Sielbeck , Ostholstein district
- 38. Castle on the Bischofswarder near Bosau , Ostholstein district
- 39. Inselburg in the inland water, Neustadt in Holstein , Ostholstein district
- in the district of Plön
- 40. Belauer Burg, Belau , Plön district
- 41. Burgwall, Giekau OT Seekrug / Fresendorf, Plön district
- 42. Olsborg near Plön , district of Plön (fortified island)
- 43. Scharstorfer-Burg / -Ringwall , Schellhorn OT Scharstorf, Plön district
- 44. Hochborre , Blekendorf OT Sechendorf, Plön district
- 45. Stöfs I (Old Castle), Behrensdorf (Baltic Sea) OT Stöfs, Plön district
- 46. Stöfs II , Behrensdorf (Baltic Sea) OT Stöfs, Plön district
- in the Segeberg district
- 47. Stipsdorfer Schanze, Stipsdorf , Segeberg district (leveled ring wall)
- 48. Warder (fortified island with weak wall remains), Segeberg district
- 49. Strenglin castle wall , Pronstorf OT Strenglin / Schlichtrott, Segeberg district
- 50. Leezen , Segeberg district (fortified island, barely visible wall remnants)
- 51. Burgwall Klein Gladebrugge (Ohlenborg) , Klein Gladebrugge , Segeberg district
- in Lübeck
- 52. Pöppendorfer Ringwall , Pöppendorf , Lübeck
- 53. Old Lübeck ( Liubice ) near Bad Schwartau , Lübeck
- 54. Buku , urban area Lübeck (leveled)
- in the Stormarn district
- 55. Alt-Fresenburg near Bad Oldesloe , Stormarn district
- in the Duchy of Lauenburg district
- 56. Steinburg , Panten OT Hammer, Duchy of Lauenburg district
- 57. Racesburg , Ratzeburg , Duchy of Lauenburg district (leveled ring wall)
- 58. Marienhöhe near Farchau, Duchy of Lauenburg district
- 59. Oldenburger Wall near Horst , Duchy of Lauenburg
- 60. Sirksfelder Schanze near Sirksfelde , Duchy of Lauenburg
- 61. Runwall near Kasseburg , Duchy of Lauenburg district (heavily leveled)
- 62. Kittlitz castle wall , Kittlitz (Lauenburg) , Duchy of Lauenburg district
- 63. Burgwall Klempau, Klempau , Duchy of Lauenburg district
- 64. Duvensee castle wall, Duvensee OT Duvensee-Wall, Duchy of Lauenburg district (completely leveled)
literature
- Karl Wilhelm Struve : Saxon and Slavic castles in Holstein. In: Guide to Prehistoric and Protohistoric Monuments. 10 Hanseatic City of Lübeck, Ostholstein, Kiel. v. Zabern, Mainz 1972, p. 43ff.
- Karl Wilhelm Struve: Directory of the early medieval fortifications in Schleswig-Holstein. In: Guide to Prehistoric and Protohistoric Monuments. 10 Hanseatic City of Lübeck, Ostholstein, Kiel. v. Zabern, Mainz 1972, pp. 44–45 (map and table).
- Arthur Dähn, Susan Möller Wiering: Ring walls and tower mounds: Medieval castles in Schleswig-Holstein. Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Husum 2001, 435 pp. ISBN 3-88042-850-6