List of dam accidents

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The list of dam accidents, including dam breaks and minor failures, shows accidents in the history of dam construction and other dams . In particular, the sudden rupture of the barrier structure with uncontrolled emptying of the reservoir or reservoir can cause a catastrophe.

The number of deaths - often also the date and almost always the amount of damage - is naturally mostly not exactly known or contradicting itself, as is sometimes names and spellings. The following table is arranged chronologically. There are also some dams for sedimentation basins .

table

dam place Country Province, state Date of the break Number of dead Damage amount; Remarks
Sadd el-Kafara Wadi Garawi near Cairo Egypt approx. 2600 BC Chr. the second oldest still partially preserved dam in the world
Fushan Dam Nanking China Jiangsu 516 10 000 and more was built for war purposes and shortly afterwards destroyed by a flood
Marib Dam Yemen 572 (approx.) already broken several times before. Not really a reservoir, but a diversion or diversion dam
Lac de Saint-Laurent , valley of the Romanche Le Bourg-d'Oisans, Grenoble France Rhône-Alpes Sep 14 1219 many (half Grenoble) a landslide created a natural barrier and broke 30 years later
Subiaco dam Italy Lazio Feb. 20, 1305 largest dam of the Romans
Bruna dam Italy Republic of Siena Dec 1492 several
Mlatzer Teich (then: Ozran Teich) Mladotice Czech Republic Pilsen 1550 Mladotický rybník, (1st) partial dam break, 2 mills below destroyed (2nd: 1872)
San Ildefonso Potosí Bolivia March 15, 1626 2 000 bis 4,000 Silver mine sedimentation basin
Puentes I Lorca Spain Murcia Aug 5, 1648 ? destroyed in a great flood during construction
Lower Schalke Pond Schuleberg Germany resin Dec 26, 1733 9 Breakage during trial jam after completion
Felt pond Schneeberg Germany Saxony Feb. 4, 1783 18th
Tunnel end Marsden, Huddersfield Great Britain England 1799 1
Blackbrook Dam Great Britain England Feb 20, 1799
Gasco Galapagar Spain May 14, 1799
Puentes dam (Estrecho de Rientes?) Spain Apr 30, 1802 600 or 608
Diggle Moss (Black Moss) Marsden near Manchester Great Britain England Nov 29, 1810 6th
Whinhill Reservoir Greenock Great Britain Scotland Nov 21, 1835 31 to 37
Brent Reservoir (Welsh Harp) London Great Britain England Jan. 16, 1841 2
Glanderston Glasgow Great Britain Scotland Dec 30, 1842 8th
Bold venture Darwen Great Britain England, Lancashire 23 Aug 1848 12
Bilberry Holmfirth Great Britain England Feb 5, 1852 80 to 84
Pilská Príbram Czech Republic Central Bohemia June 1854 2 Coordin .: 49 ° 40 ′ 38.7 "  N , 13 ° 54 ′ 36.2"  E
Dale Dyke Bradfield near Sheffield Great Britain England March 12, 1864 230 to 270 £ 0.5m
Irukaike Japan 1868 1 000 bis 1,200
Mlatzer pond Mladotice Czech Republic Pilsen May 25, 1872 Mladotický rybník (1st dam breach: 1550)
Mill River Williamsburg United States Massachusetts May 16, 1874 138 to 144
Cwm Carne Newport Great Britain Wales July 14, 1875 12
Castle Malgwyn Cardigan, Pembrokeshire Great Britain Wales Aug 10, 1875 2
Rockdale United States Iowa 4th July 1876 39 to 47
El Habra (Fergoug I) Perrégaux Algeria Dec 15, 1881 200 to 250 further breaks in other years
Kuala Kubu (Ampang Pecah) Malaysia Hulu Selangor Feb. 1883 25th
Cheurfas Algeria 1885 10
Mena Valparaíso Chile Aug 11, 1888 100 and more
Sonzier , Montreux Switzerland Nov 6, 1888 5 to 13
South Fork Dam Johnstown United States Pennsylvania May 31, 1889 2 209 $ 17 million
Walnut Grove Dam Wickenburg United States Arizona Feb. 22, 1890 50 to 150
Bouzey Epinal France Vosges Apr 27, 1895 86 to 200 $ 14 million
Austin Dam, Texas Austin United States Texas Apr 7, 1900 7 to 10
Hauser dam United States Montana Apr 14, 1908 no Steel dam
Clydach Vale Rhondda Valley Great Britain Wales March 11, 1910 8th
Austin Dam (Bayless) Austin United States Pennsylvania Sep 30 1911 78
Lyman United States 1915 8th
Elmali Turkey 1916
Lower Otay and Sweetwater San Diego United States California Jan. 27, 1916 12 to 50 plus 21 $ 6 million
Lake Toxaway United States South carolina Aug 13, 1916 0
Dam on the White Desse Bilá Desná Austria-Hungary Bohemia Sep 18 1916 62 260,000 of 400,000 m³ run out
Mammoth Dam Fairview United States Utah June 25, 1917 1 $ 1 million
Tigra dam Gwalior India Madhya Pradesh Aug 4, 1917 1 000 and more
Gleno dam Italy Bergamo Dec. 1, 1923 354 to 600
Skelmorlie Dam North Ayrshire Great Britain Scotland Apr 18, 1925 5
Sheffield Dam Santa Barbara United States California June 29, 1925 up to 13 during earthquakes
Eigiau and Coedty Dolgarogg Great Britain Wales Nov 2, 1925 10 to 16 Cascade break
Komoro Japan 1928 7th
Saint Francis los Angeles United States California March 13, 1928 up to 600
San Alphonso Bolivia 1929 1 000
Briseis (Cascade) Derby Australia Tasmania Apr 4, 1929 11 or 14
Castlewood Canyon Dam Franktown United States Colorado Aug 3, 1933 2 Castlewood Dam Trails.jpg Castlewood Canyon State Park
Granadillar Spain Gran Canaria Feb. 1934 8th
Nishna Sv. USSR 1935
Alla Sella Zerbino Ovada Italy Piedmont Aug 13, 1935 100 and more
Wagner Creek United States 1938 1
Mound Lake United States Minnesota 1938 Damaged dam, with water flowing through it. Mound Lake, Minnesota. - NARA - 285937.jpg
Dnjeprostroj Zaporizhia Ukraine, Soviet Union Sep 1941 Act of war
Möhne reservoir Möhne Germany May 17, 1943 1 200 bis 1,600 Act of war: Operation Chastise
Edertalsperre Eder Germany May 17, 1943 47 to 100 Act of war: Operation Chastise
Selsfors Sweden Nov 12, 1943 no
Xuriguera Spain Feb. 24, 1944 7th
Subansiri China, India Tibet, Assam 23 Aug 1950 532 Natural dam caused by a landslide in the event of an earthquake, which broke through the dammed water after 8 days and was washed away again
Heiwa-ike Kameoka Japan Kyoto July 11, 1951 75 to 114
Gallinas United States 1957
Vega de Tera Ribadelago Spain Jan. 9, 1959 140 to 145
Lomngtun China Liaoning July 21, 1959 707
Barrage de Malpasset Fréjus France Department Var Dec 2, 1959 361 to 429 $ 68 million damage, about 421 dead
May Turkey 1960
Idbar Bosnia Herzegovina 1960 no
L'Oros Fortaleza Brazil Ceara March 25, 1960 approximately 1 000
Tiefosi China Henan May 18, 1960 1 092
Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 1961 600
Hyokiri or Hyogiri South Korea 1961 139 or 250
Babyn Yar , Kiev Ukraine March 13, 1961 145 Landfilling with sand / water mixture for building land, after snow melt mudslide in residential area
Panshet and Khadakwasla Pune India July 12, 1961 1 000 to 2,000, and more Cascade break
Sunchon South Korea Oct 28, 1962 163 possibly identical to a dike breach on August 28, 1962
Little Deer Creek United States 1963 1
Quebrada la Chapa Colombia 1963 250
Spaulding Pond (Mohegan Park) Norwich United States Connecticut March 6, 1963 6th $ 6 million
Little Deer Creek Duchesne United States Utah June 16, 1963 1
Liujiatai Baoding China Hebei Aug 8, 1963 948
Vajont (Vaiont) Longarone Italy Oct 9, 1963 about 2 000 tidal wave caused by a mountain slide, dam wall withstands the pressure
Baldwin Hills los Angeles United States California Dec 14, 1963 5 or 8 $ 50 million damage
Swift and Lower Two Medicine United States Montana June 8, 1964 19 plus 9/30
Macherla India 29 Sep 1964 1 000
Ovčar Banja Serbia 1965
El Cobre Chile March 28, 1965 200 Mine settling basins, during earthquakes
Torrejon el Rubio Torrejon el Rubio Spain Cáceres Oct 22, 1965 30 to 70
Rutte Italy Nov 7, 1965 no
Sgorigrad , Vratza Bulgaria May 1, 1966 up to 488 Settling basin
Nanaksagar India Uttaranchal Aug 27, 1967 100
Sempor Kebumen Indonesia Java Nov 29, 1967 160 to 200
Lee Lake Dam East Lee United States Massachusetts March 24, 1968 2
Choma Zambia 1969
Frias (Pardo?) Mendoza Argentina Jan. 4, 1970 up to 100 $ 20-23 million
Sheep Creek United States North Dakota May 1970
Hengjiang Jieyang China Guangdong Sep 15 1970 779
Lower Van Norman Dam, Mclay Dam, Hansen Dam, San Fernando United States California Feb 9, 1971 $ 30 million; in the 1971 San Fernando earthquake ; only near disaster
Dongkoumiao Xidian China Zhejiang 2nd June 1971 186
Certej Certeju de Sus Romania Hunedoara Oct. 30, 1971 89
Foledon Colombia Feb 25, 1972 60
Buffalo Creek , Logan United States West Virginia Feb. 26, 1972 125 $ 30-50 million
Canyon Lake Rapid City United States South Dakota June 9, 1972 236 to 238 only about 33 of them died as a result of the dam breach
Liaohe China Shanxi 1973 29
Lijiazui China Gansu Apr 27, 1973 580
Shijiagou Zhuanglang China Gansu Aug. 24, 1973 / August 25, 1973 81
Hubacov Mirosovice Czech Republic near Prague 1974 5 Coordin .: 49 ° 54 ′ 46.3 ″  N , 14 ° 43 ′ 32 ″  E
Tarbela dam Pakistan July 1974 $ 100 million damage
Elans drift South Africa 1975 10
Walter Bouldin, Montgomery United States Alabama Feb 10, 1975 no
Banqiao Dam China Henan Aug 8, 1975 26,000 from the immediate tidal waves (according to other sources up to 85,000), from hunger and epidemics: 145,000 Cascade rupture of 62 dams after a typhoon
S. Tomas Philippines 1976 80
La Paz Mexico 1976 80
Bearwallow Dam United States North Carolina Feb. 22, 1976 4th
Teton Dam United States Idaho 5th June 1976 11 or 14 $ 400 million to $ 1 billion
Bolan Quetta Pakistan Balochistan Sep 1976 20th
Jishan & Wenchun China Shanxi 1977 30th
Euclides da Cunha & Sales de Oliveira Brazil São Paulo Jan. 20, 1977 0 Cascade break
Laurel Run and Sandy Run Johnstown United States Pennsylvania 20th July 1977 39-40 plus 5 $ 20-45 million
Ibrastausee Ibra Germany Hesse 22 Aug 1977 0 30 million DM
Kelly Barnes Dam Toccoa Falls United States Georgia Nov 6, 1977 39
Bakhera Nepal 1978 500
Machhu II Morvi India Gujarat Aug 11, 1979 2 000 bis 2,500 $ 15 million
Gotvand dam Iran Chuzestan Feb. 1980 200
Hirakud Dam India Orissa Sep 1980 1 000 Emergency relief, no dam break
Gopinatham Dam India Karnataka Oct. 19, 1981 40 to 47
Lawn Lake Dam Lawn Lake United States Colorado July 15, 1982 3 US $ 21 to 31 million
Tous dam Valencia Spain Oct. 20, 1982 20 and more
DMAD, Delta United States Utah June 23, 1983 1 > $ 3 million
Guavio dam Guavio Colombia Cundinamarca July 28, 1983 150 to 200 Landslide during construction work, no tidal wave
Tesero dam breach Val di Stava Italy Trentino July 19, 1985 264 to 361 Settling basin
Kantale dam Trincomalee Sri Lanka Apr 20, 1986 up to 178
Leguaseca dam Spain Galicia March 1987 7th
Sargozan USSR Tajikistan Apr 16, 1987 19 to 31 US $ 450 million
Jinduicheng China Shaanxi Apr 30, 1988 20th Settling basin
Bagauda reservoir Bebeji Nigeria Kano Aug 16, 1988 23
Wujiangdu Dam China Guizhou May 1, 1989 28
Tamale dam Tamale Ghana Aug 25, 1989 7th
Evans & Lockwood Fayetteville United States North Carolina Sep 15 1989 2 > US $ 10 million
Kendall Lake Camden United States South carolina Oct 11, 1990 4th
Belci dam Romania July 29, 1991 25th was no longer built
Kisselevsk Serov Russia Sverdlovsk June 14, 1993 15th 56 billion rubles
Gouhou China Qinghai Aug 27, 1993 240 to 1,200 $ 18-26 million
Artik dam Armenia 1994 2
Virginia No. 15th South Africa 1994 39 $ 15 million
Merriespruit Disaster (Harmony No. 4) Merriespruit South Africa Virginia Feb 22, 1994 17th Settlement basin of a gold mine
Tirljan dam Belorezk Russia Bashkiria Aug 7, 1994 22nd 40 billion rubles
Lake Blackshear Albany United States Georgia July 9, 1994 15th
Timberlake dam Lynchburg, Campbell County United States Virginia June 22, 1995 2
Placer Philippines Sep 2 1995 12, environmental damage Mine settling basins
Meadow Pond Alton United States New Hampshire March 13, 1996 1
Marcopper Marinduque Philippines Luzon March 24, 1996 US $ 80 million environmental damage, mine sedimentation basin
Changping China Shanxi 1997 30th
Lake Opuha dam Fairlie New Zealand South Canterbury Feb 6, 1997 no > $ 500,000
Los Frailes mine Aznalcóllar, Seville Spain Apr 25, 1998 no Settling basin; $ 42.5 million
Kewari Sanjlawi Pakistan Balochistan July 14, 1999 8th
Baia Mare dam breach Baia Mare Romania Jan. 30, 2000 no, but major environmental damage Settling basin, no dam
Zeyzoun Dam Hama Syria June 4, 2002 until 100
La Ventilla, Villa de Reyes and El Capulin, Villa Garcia Mexico San Luis Potosi or Zacatecas Aug 15, 2002 14th
Dalongtan Dam Dalongtan, Enshi China Hubei May 27, 2004 18th
Camara dam Alagoa Grande Brazil Paraiba June 17, 2004 3, 5 or 7
Shadi Kaur Dam Pasni Pakistan Balochistan Feb 10, 2005 140 to 500
Band-e-Sultan Dam Ghazni Afghanistan Ghazni March 29, 2005 6th
Xiaocaoba Dam Xiaocaoba, Yiliang China Yunnan July 21, 2005 16 $ 560,000
Valigonda Valigonda India Andhra Pradesh Oct 29, 2005 114 A railway bridge was washed away and a train fell into the gap
Taum Sauk United States Missouri Dec 14, 2005 no Pumped storage plant
Chaqchaq Suleymania Iraq Kurdistan Feb. 4, 2006 Coord .: 35 ° 36 ′ 9.5 ″  N , 45 ° 22 ′ 58.8 ″  E (picture of the broken dam) Cheqcheq Dam Collapsed.jpg
Kaloko Kilauea United States Hawaii March 14, 2006 7th
Gusau dam breach Nigeria Zamfara Sep 30 2006 40
Situ Gintung Tangierang Indonesia Jakarta March 27, 2009 93 or more
Rongli Rangpo India Sikkim April 16, 2009 12
Algodoes Cocal da Estação Brazil Piauí May 27, 2009 6th
Sayano Shushenskaya Russia Sayanogorsk 17 Aug 2009 74 ~ $ 1.25 billion, pipeline break, no dam break
Qysyl Agash Dam Qysyl-Agash , Almaty Kazakhstan March 11, 2010 34 to 40
Delhi embankment United States Iowa July 24, 2010 no
Niedów Reservoir Lower Silesia Poland Aug 7, 2010 1 unknown
Kolontár Hungary West Hungary Oct 4, 2010 10, major environmental damage Settling basin ( bauxite red mud)
Fujinuma Dam Sukagawa Japan Fukushima March 11, 2011 4, 8 missing people Rupture after the Tōhoku earthquake on March 11, 2011
Eleyele Ibadan Nigeria Oyo 27 Aug 2011 102 Coordin .: 7 ° 25 '15.1 "  N , 3 ° 51' 13.8"  E
Kurzras South-Tirol Italy Kurzras Dec. 27, 2011 0 The reservoir on the Schnalstal Glacier for the snowmaking system runs out, 3 hotels are evacuated.
Ivanovo Until he Bulgaria Haskovo Feb 6, 2012 8th
Shenjiakeng Reservoir Daishan Island China Zhejiang Aug 10, 2012 10 at typhoon; 27 injured
Stung Atay Veal Veaeng, Cardamom Mountains Cambodia Pursat Dec 1, 2012 4th 4 dead / missing, 7 injured
Lianfeng Kaziwan, Urumqi China QiDaoWan, Xinjiang Feb. 2, 2013 1
Mount Polley Cariboo region Canada British Columbia 4th Aug 2014 0 Mine settling basins; Environmental damage
Settlement basin of the Samarco mine Bento Rodrigues Brazil Minas Gerais Nov 5, 2015 19, +45 missing Due to the toxic mudslide of 62 million m³ environmental catastrophe in the Rio Doce over 600 km to the sea
Economical Olimpiada Greece Elassona March 27, 2016 0 Coordin .: 40 ° 0 ′ 15.4 ″  N , 22 ° 17 ′ 30.3 ″  E
Oroville Dam Oroville United States California 7th Feb 2017 0 Failure of flood relief during spring floods, overflow of the lake via unprepared emergency overflow; $ 1.1 billion
Ituango dam Ituango Colombia Department of Antioquia April 30, 2018 0 Collapse of a bypass tunnel during construction, uncontrolled rise in level; Flooded power station cavern, risk of total loss due to overflow of the earth embankment dam
Patel Milmet Dam Solai Kenya Nakuru May 9, 2018 48 en 0 ° 5 ′ 49.5 ″  S , 36 ° 8 ′ 46 ″  E
Xepian-Xe Nam Noy unknown Laos Attapeu Province 23rd July 2018 26 (min.)
Brumadinho sludge retention basin Brumandinho Brazil Minas Gerais Jan. 25, 2019 259 (at least), 11 missing as of October 2, 2019 Dam break on a retention basin for mining waste
Tiware Ratnagiri District India Maharashtra 2nd July 2019 18, others missing Coordin .: 17 ° 36 ′ 0.2 ″  N , 73 ° 41 ′ 41 ″  O en
Toddbrook Reservoir Whaley Bidge Great Britain Derbyshire Aug 1, 2019 0 Coord .: 53 ° 19 ′ 30 ″  N , 1 ° 59 ′ 37 ″  W Ground failure at the flood relief after heavy rain, risk of collapse, evacuation of 6500 people below
Dam on the Seiba River Shetinkino Russia Siberia , Krasnoyarsk Territory 19th Oct 2019 15, + 6 missing persons 54 ° 32 '47.1 "  N , 93 ° 26' 26.1"  O gold mine companySissim (companies), daughter ofSibsoloto, authority was the dam not known accommodation of miners flooded.
Sardoba Kurgantepa Uzbekistan Sirdaryo Province 1st May 2020 2 Coordin .: 40 ° 20 ′ 13.2 ″  N , 68 ° 25 ′ 15.6 ″  E
Edenville u. Sanford Dam Midland United States Michigan 19th May 2020 0 Heavy rain damaged the dams that dammed the Tittabawassee River and flooded the city of Midland. Coordin .: 43 ° 48 ′ 50.8 ″  N , 84 ° 22 ′ 35.4 ″  W en

Germany

Dam breaches in Germany that were major (1945) and minor disasters:

Austria

So far, there have been no dam disasters in what is now Austria.

In what was then Austria-Hungary , each part of the Austrian monarchy, today in the Czech Republic, however, there were 2 dam breaks, both of which were not repaired:

  • On May 25, 1872 the dam of the Mlatzer authoritarian pond ( Mladotický rybník , 3.0-3.1 million m³ volume, 91 ha area) broke in Mladotice near Pilsen . The trigger was - upstream - a flood caused by heavy rain in the Mladotický creek (brook, river) in connection with an accumulating landslide. Numerous dead in two places downstream. What remains today is the shallow, silted up only 4.5 hectare Odlezly Lake, which has been a nature reserve since 1975. The pond was probably built by the Cistercian monastery in the 14th century by a dam on a narrow valley. As early as 1550 the dam was partially broken by a flood, which destroyed 2 mills.
  • On September 18, 1916, the breaking of the dam on the White Desse , which was only built in 1915, resulted in 62 deaths.

In July 1997 the dam of the Schlesinger pond broke in Bärnkopf , Lower Austria ( Zwettl district ). It was built around 200 years ago to wash wood . The dam was rehabilitated by the municipality in 1999. The 5.56 hectare pond is used today for fishing (by day) and swimming.

Switzerland

In Switzerland - apart from Sonzier in 1888 - no major dam damage has been recorded. Due to the high density of these structures, however, there is a considerable risk potential. For example, calculations for the Linth-Limmern power plants in the canton of Glarus showed that if a break were made, the town of Linthal five kilometers below would be submerged in three minutes by a tidal wave around ten meters high. The residents hardly have a chance of survival. The tidal wave, which is still around five meters high there, would have reached Glarus in about 30 minutes - the siren alarm would probably enable at least parts of the population to escape in good time.

The dams in Switzerland are carefully monitored and controlled to prevent such catastrophes. However, most of the barriers are in areas that are one of the earthquake-prone regions of Switzerland. (Sources: Switzerland. Confederation: civil defense, 1966; Nagra : current earthquake hazard map of Switzerland, 2005 )

See also

literature

  • O. Lanser: Overview of the dam disasters of the past. In: Austrian water management. 12, 8/9, 1960, p. 142 ff.
  • G. Rouvé: Overview of Damage Cases on Dams. Notices of the IWW issue 18, Aachen 1977.
  • Lectures hydraulic engineering seminar. Winter semester 1983/84, booklet 50, experiences with dam structures - planning, operation, aging and upgrading. Aachen 1984. ISSN  0343-1045 , ISSN  0721-1082
  • Patrick McCully: Silenced Rivers. The Ecology and Politics of Large Dams. 1996.
  • Richard Widmann: Thoughts on assessing the safety of dams. In: Wasser Energie Luft - Eau Energie Air. 93, 7/8 2001, pp. 175-182, ISSN  0377-905X
  • Claude Marche: Barrages, Crues de Rupture et Protection Civile. Presses intl. Polytechnique, 2008, ISBN 978-2-553-01414-7 .
  • Alexius Vogel: Dam breaks and their causes. PhD thesis . ETH-HDB (Zurich) Vienna. Data Station for Dam Failures 1982.
  • Vijay P. Singh: Dam breach modeling technology. 1996. books.google.de
  • AO Babb, TW Mermel: Catalog of Dam Disasters, Failures and Accidents. US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Washington, DC 1968.

Web links

Commons : Dam collapses  - collection of images, videos and audio files

The table was drawn up using:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Les Ruines de Séchilienne
  2. ↑ timelines.ws
  3. ↑ Les ruptures de barrages dans le monde: un nouveau bilan de Potosi (1626, Bolivie)
  4. ^ Eduardo Galeano: Memoria del Fuego . Vol I: Los nacimientos . 2014
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h Lessons from historical dam incidents, Environment Agency, Bristol, August 2011, p. 137.
  6. ↑ Geoffrey Hewlett: Welsh Harp Reservoir Through Time . 2009, ISBN 978-1-4456-0640-8 .
  7. ↑ The Welsh Harp Reservoir (PDF)
  8. ↑ VD Pilská (PDF)
  9. ↑ a b eagri.cz (PDF) Safety supervision of water structures in the Czech Republic
  10. ↑ British Rainfall 1875 (pdf 7997 kB)
  11. ↑ La tragedia del Tranque Mena
  12. ^ Archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com
  13. ^ Scofield Project
  14. ^ Castlewood Canyon State Park
  15. ↑ Stillwater Sister Cities Council ( Memento of the original from September 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stillwater.org
  16. ↑ a b c d e f Management of impounded rivers ( Memento of the original from March 7, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 7147 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.irtces.org
  17. ↑ mouseski.com A Visit to Mohegan Park
  18. ↑ a b c d e RCEM - Reclamation Consequence Estimating Methodology. Dam Failure and Flood Event Case History Compilation (PDF)
  19. ^ Forensics of a Dam Failure Fatality
  20. ↑ hemeroteca.abc.es
  21. ↑ St. Hirschberger, P. Burgherr, G. Spiekerman, E. Cazzoli, J. Vitazek, L. CHeng: Comparative Assessment of Severe Accidents in the Chinese Energy Sector. (PDF; 1.6 MB), PSI report no.03-04, Paul Scherer Institute, March 2003, ISSN  1019-0643 , p. 73.
  22. ^ William Jobin: Dams and Disease: Ecological Design and Health Impacts of Large Dams. Canals, 1999, p. 444.
  23. ↑ bibliotecadigital.ufmg.br (PDF)
  24. ↑ iiasa.ac.at (PDF)  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.iiasa.ac.at  
  25. ↑ icem.org ( Memento of the original from August 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.icem.org
  26. ↑ gabe.web.psi.ch (PDF) Appendix A: List of severe accidents .., p. 122.
  27. ↑ modernghana.com
  28. ↑ a b damsafety.org ( Memento of the original from November 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / damsafety.org
  29. ↑ É. S. Kalustyan: Lessons from failures of concrete dams on rock foundations. In: Hydrotechnical Construction. 29 (2), 1995, p. 78. doi: 10.1007 / BF01545000
  30. ↑ É. S. Kalustyan: Lessons from failures of concrete dams on rock foundations. In: Hydrotechnical Construction. 29 (2), 1995, p. 78. doi: 10.1007 / BF01545000
  31. ↑ The Marcopper Disaster of March 24, 1996 ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.prrm.org
  32. ↑ Altaf ur Rehman: Safety Of So-Called Small Dams In Pakistan . (PDF) from
  33. ^ Mexican dams break
  34. ^ Case Study of the Chaq-Chaq Dam Failure
  35. ↑ Kurdistan Geology ( Memento of the original from February 18, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / kurdistan-geology.com
  36. ↑ internationalrivers.org
  37. ↑ Lake Delhi Dam Breach - Two Perspectives (PDF)
  38. ↑ Nigeria floods: Ibadan reflects on Eleyele Dam tragedy
  39. ↑ Over 100 dead after heavy rains burst dam
  40. ↑ Reservoir in South Tyrol leaked orf.at, December 29, 2011, accessed February 9, 2018
  41. ↑ cma.gov.cn
  42. ↑ rfa.org
  43. ↑ poleshift.ning.com
  44. ^ Cambodia: Chinese-made Dam collapsed. ( Memento of the original from December 8, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / alfredmeier.me
  45. ^ Li Xiang: Freezing flash flood inundates village . In: Global Times, February 4, 2013.
  46. ↑ Mount Polley Mine Tailings Pond Breach, Likely, August 4, 2014 ( Memento of the original from November 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.env.gov.bc.ca
  47. ↑ BHP Billiton waiting for more details of Brazilian dam disaster
  48. ↑ rt.com 'Catastrophe': At least 17 killed, 45 missing, town leveled by flood in Brazil dam collapse
  49. ^ Bento Rodrigues: a disastrous tailings dam failure in Brazil. blogs.agu.org
  50. ↑ UN confirms criticism of environmentalists. River valley as big as Austria. In: orf.at. November 26, 2015, accessed November 27, 2015 .
  51. ↑ Sparmos Dam - a significant dam failure in Greece on Sunday 27th March
  52. ↑ Λάρισα: Από ευτύχημα δεν θρηνήσαμε θύματα, pictures from the Sparmos dam breach (Greek)
  53. ^ Oroville Spillways Construction and Cost Estimate Update , published by the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) on September 5, 2018
  54. ↑ Many people die when a dam breaks in Kenya
  55. ↑ More than 40 dead after a dam breach in Kenya ( memento of the original from May 12, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / spiegel.ddnss.de
  56. ↑ Dozens of dead and injured due to dam burst after heavy rainfall in Solai - Nakuru County, Kenya
  57. Jump up ↑ Dead and hundreds of missing people after the dam burst in Laos
  58. ^ WISE Uranium Project.Retrieved October 2, 2019.
  59. ↑ RP ONLINE: More than 300 people missing: At least 58 dead in a dam break in Brazil. Retrieved January 28, 2019 .
  60. ↑ BBC.com
  61. ↑ At least eight dead after a dam break in India
  62. ↑ Youtube
  63. ↑ Hindustan Times
  64. ^ Impending dam break - city in England evacuated . Mirror online
  65. ↑ Three arrests after a dam breach in the Siberian gold mine orf.at, October 20, 2019, accessed October 20, 2019.
  66. ↑ Sardoba Reservoir: a major dam collapse in Uzbekistan on May 1, 2020
  67. ↑ Michigan floods: Evacuations after Edenville and Sanford dams breached
  68. ↑ Exchange of experiences with flood retention basins (PDF; 2105 kB)
  69. ↑ Bärnkopf leisure tips: Schlesingerteich bergfex.at, 1999–2018; accessed August 6, 2018.
  70. ↑ Nature experience Schlesingerteich (PDF) Information from the community, baernkopf.com, accessed August 6, 2018.