Oberamt Gröningen

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Silhouette of the official city of Grüningen before 1800
Southern map of the district of Grüningen around 1575 - initially expanded to include the rule of Sachsenheim, which fell to the Duchy of Württemberg
Districts of Gröningen and Ludwigsburg around 1800. Unterriexingen and Münchingen are missing from Gröningen
Area of ​​responsibility of the Gröningen superintendent

The Oberamt Gröningen (until 1758 Amt Grüningen ) was an administrative district in Württemberg with the former imperial city of Grüningen , today Markgröningen , as the official seat, which was integrated into the Oberamt Ludwigsburg in 1807 . Until 1819 in Markgröningen still remained Kameralamt and until 1812 a Spezialsuperintendenz .

history

After Ludwig the Bavarian had transferred the formerly Free Imperial City of Grüningen to the Count of Württemberg as a hereditary imperial fief in 1336, Count Ulrich III made it . from Württemberg to the residence and official city. The administrative administration, jurisdiction and political representation of the count or duke were henceforth incumbent on a Württemberg bailiff , who, like Philipp Volland, was often recruited from one of the local patrician families. Presumably until the 18th century there was also a noble bailiff, who was mostly foreign to the place, and supervised several bailiffs and the cellars responsible for the management of the manorial property .

Official patch

The often changed Grüninger district in the Strohgäu included the Württemberg “districts” of Bissingen , Tamm and presumably the expired Brachheim, Eglosheim , Geißnang or fox, sheep and Erlachhof, Oßweil , Pflugfelden , Möglingen , Münchingen and Mauer , Schwieberdingen and the expired Vöhingen , Talhausen and the Schluesselburg , other lost hamlets on the Grüninger mark as well as a part of Unterriexingen to the left of the Glems . According to Karl Pfaff , Bietigheim (until 1510), Hoheneck and Burg Harteneck , Aicholtz and Remmigheim were also included in the 15th century .

From the 16th century to have Grüninger Office or to the winery partially or occasionally also Hochdorf an der Enz , Oberriexingen and Sachsenheimer belongs official spots. After the rule of the Lords of Sachsenheim, who died out in 1561, had fallen to the Duchy of Württemberg, their places were assigned to the Grüninger Amt as a sub-district in 1565. Around 1600 the district included Asperg, Bissingen, Eglosheim, Erlach-, Fuchs- and Schafhof in the Ludwigsburg area, Egartenhof ("Zur Eyssern Burg"), Groß- and Kleinsachsenheim , Grüningen, Metterzimmer , Möglingen, Münchingen, Nippenburg , Oßweil , Pflugfelden, Schwieberdingen, Sersheim , Tamm and Untermberg (see map of the Grüninger district) and shares of Unterriexingen and Hochdorf. The last two villages mentioned are not listed in the official maps drawn up around 1575 and around 1600, because they still largely belonged to the local nobility. It is unclear why Talhausen is missing on both cards. Possibly the village, like Remmingen and Vöhingen, had already fallen in desolation or was at least partially not yet in Württemberg hands. Metterzimmer came to the Bietigheim office in the 17th century . Groß- und, Kleinsachsenheim, Untermberg and Sersheim came to the now independent office Großsachsenheim in the 17th century . In the 18th century, Ditzingen was temporarily assigned to the Gröningen District Office.

Replaced by Ludwigsburg

With the construction of the palace in Ludwigsburg from 1704 onwards, Grüningen only lost its function as a royal seat and with the city elevation of Ludwigsburg in 1718, it gradually lost its functions as the seat of a noble superior bailiff, as a district town , cellar , high court and dean's office to Ludwigsburg. In May 1718, the Grüninger Vogt Georg Christoph Andler, the town clerk and a member of the City Court were summoned to Stuttgart and detained there until they agreed to the proposed interventions in the Grüninger statute and office.

Duke Eberhard Ludwig around 1720
The south wing of the palace , which was abandoned in 1724, served as the Oberamt building until 1807. In 1808 it was converted into a prison workhouse

The now mostly “Gröningen” written official city only had the status of a sub-office and the thankless task of helping to build Ludwigsburg. The for the citizens demanded compulsory labor and the city budget confiscated funds ensured so great unrest that Duke Eberhard Ludwig in 1722 was forced to the previously scheduled by the Neckar-reaching office Groningen recover in a reduced form: the "official marks" Eglosheim , Pflugfelden and Oßweil remained in the new Ludwigsburg office . Leading circles in Gröningen did not want to be satisfied with this concession. The hospital administrator Laux and the "councilor" Urban Keller appeared particularly unruly and were therefore suspended by Ludwigsburg Obervogt Friedemann von Pöllnitz .

Restoration of the deanery

After the death of Eberhard Ludwig (1733), Duke Karl Alexander's relocation of the residence back to Stuttgart seemed to open up new room for negotiation to restore Gröningen's office. In 1735, the return of Pflugfelden, Eglosheim and Oßweil against payment of the impressive sum of 4,000 guilders was promised, but never redeemed. As compensation, Gröningen only received Unterriexingen . At least the relocation of the dean's office was revised: After the Protestant dean Michael Mörleth, who resided in Gröningen, was appointed dean of the new diocese of Ludwigsburg on April 18, 1719 , he was to integrate his previous diocese into it as soon as the church and dean's office in Ludwigsburg were built was completed (completed in 1726). The Gröningen diocese, which was re-established in 1736, initially included the parishes of Tamm , Bissingen , Heutingsheim , Beihingen , Stammheim , Münchingen , Schwieberdingen , Unterriexingen and, at times, Oberriexingen . Asperg, Eglosheim, Oßweil, Pflugfelden and Möglingen were assigned to the newly established special superintendent Ludwigsburg in 1762 . In 1812 the special superintendent Markgröningen was integrated into the Ludwigsburg.

Oberamt Gröningen

In 1758, like other remaining offices, the Gröningen office was renamed the Oberamt . From then on, the Oberamtsiegel showed two coats of arms: the ducal heart shield on the heraldic first and the earlier Gröningen official coat of arms with five stars in the shield head in the second position. The ducal official, traditionally called Vogt , who headed the administration at the official level and headed the district court, held the title of Oberamtmann from 1759 . Regardless of renewed payments by the citizens of Gröningen, its administrative district was reduced again: After the further losses to Ludwigsburg had been temporarily compensated by Ditzingen and Oberriexingen , from 1771, apart from Gröningen, only Bissingen, Tamm, Schwieberdingen and Münchingen as well as some hamlets and the Württemberg districts belonged to Unterriexingen and Hochdorf to the Oberamt. According to Röder , there were 1842 people in the city of Gröningen in 1787, 1018 in Bissingen, 659 in Tamm, 920 in Schwieberdingen, 1067 in Münchingen and 657 in Unterriexingen. In 1787 there were still three and a half sixteenths of Unterriexingen and the castle was in the rulership of Baron von Hopfer.

As part of the reorganization of the Kingdom of Württemberg in accordance with the organizational edict of 1806, the Gröningen Oberamt was finally dissolved by 1807 and incorporated into the Ludwigsburg Oberamt . The places Hochdorf and Unterriexingen, which were administered partly by local authority until 1805 and partly from Gröningen, came to the Oberamt Vaihingen .

Cameral Office (1807-1819)

Heyd described these momentous interventions from the point of view of those affected: “More than wars, whose wounds heal over time, the city and the Gröningen office suffered permanent damage through the founding of a city, which, after they had emerged from the upper office district emerged, wrested one heirloom after the other from her mother, and finally even, when the old woman no longer seemed to have her own housekeeping, brought her up to her flock. ”The criticism of the sovereign spatial planning at the expense of Groeningen, which appeared in his town history in 1829, apparently too disrespectful was not politically opportune and, according to Erhard Lenk, was so “resented” in the relevant circles that he was refused the return to the scientific community as well as the recommended honor.

Unsuccessful petition

The expansion of Ludwigsburg meant that Markgröningen stagnated and suffered heavily from the building loads for Ludwigsburg. After the city had also lost the function of a subordinate office in 1807, the burden of debt and the impoverishment of the population saw the city close to ruin: 150 families had to be supported by the hospital. That is why all hope was placed in King Friedrich's successor : the “most submissive, most loyal magistrate of the city of Gröningen” put on a petition to the new King Wilhelm on November 20, 1816 , in which he impressively explained the plight of the city and the establishment of a new one Oberamt around the "2700 souls", "the city of Gröningen, which has been connected to the ... regent house since the grayest antiquity". Only the communities in the immediate vicinity were included in the constructive proposal: Asperg , Tamm , Bissingen , Unterriexingen , Hochdorf an der Enz , Hemmingen , Schwieberdingen and Möglingen . The “most serene” regent, however, did not respond.

In 1819 the city also lost the Markgröningen camera office , which was set up for royal financial management in 1807 and had its seat in the Ostergasse 22 building with an attached fruit box (today's "Apothekerscheuer").

Coat of arms of "Ampt and Vogtey Grüningen" (1596)

Tradition in the coat of arms of the district

Württemberger deer sticks
Markgröninger city arms
Coat of arms of the district

The successor to the Gröningen office was first the Oberamt Ludwigsburg in the Neckar District, then the Ludwigsburg district formed in 1938 and, after the district reform of 1973, the Ludwigsburg district . His coat of arms , newly awarded on August 30, 1974, shows a red-armored and red-tongued black eagle in gold under a lying black stag pole.

The stag bar stands for the House of Württemberg , which was founded by the City and Upper Office of Ludwigsburg. The eagle stands for the imperial city of Grüningen , which was free until 1322 , which was associated with the imperial storm flag and which also featured the imperial eagle as the Württemberg city in the city and official coat of arms.

The Reichssturmfahne also forms the coat of arms of the district town of Ludwigsburg .

Additional information

swell

literature

  • Walter Grube: Bailiffs, offices, districts in Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-17-002445-0
  • Ludwig Friedrich Heyd : History of the former Oberamts-Stadt Markgröningen with special regard to the general history of Württemberg, mostly based on unpublished sources. Stuttgart 1829, facsimile edition for the Heyd anniversary, Markgröningen 1992.
  • Gerhard Liebler: Markgröningen - entertaining encounters with the city and its history. Edited by Working Group on Historical Research and Monument Preservation Markgröningen, Markgröningen 2011.
  • Oscar Paret : Ludwigsburg and the land around the Asperg: A home book for the district of Ludwigsburg. Ludwigsburg 1934.
  • Karl Eduard Paulus : Description of the Oberamt Ludwigsburg. Ed .: Königlich Statistisch-Topographisches Bureau. Stuttgart 1859. Reprint: Bissinger, Magstadt, 1975, ISBN 3-7644-0038-2 , Wikisource .
  • Philipp Röder : Geography and Statistics Wirtembergs. Volume 1. Korn, Laybach in Krain 1787. pp. 358-361. Digitized
  • Philipp Röder: Geographical statistical-topographical lexicon of Swabia. Volume 1. Ulm 1791, pp. 619–625, digitized version of the BSB (PDF)
  • Hermann Römer : Markgröningen in the context of regional history I. Prehistory and the Middle Ages. Markgröningen 1933.
  • Petra Schad: The dissolution of the traditional Markgröningen office. In: Ludwigsburg history sheets . Volume 58 (2004), pp. 135-157.
  • Wolfgang Schmierer: On the history of the origins of Ludwigsburg. In: Ludwigsburg history sheets . Volume 32 (1980), pp. 79-94.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Source: [RI VII] H. 1 n. 264 - Regesta Imperii online
  2. ↑ See Leo BW online
  3. ^ Karl Pfaff: History of the Princely House and Land Wirtemberg - revised according to the best sources and resources. Metzler, Stuttgart 1839, pp. 351 and 356. Google digitized version
  4. ↑ See overview of the official stock register - Landesarchiv BW online
  5. ↑ Baden-Württemberg State Archives: Gröningen. Renewal instead of and Ambts leybaigner Leuthen in the Khellerey Gröningen due ...  in the German Digital Library
  6. ↑ Gerhard Liebler: Markgröningen - Entertaining encounters with the city and its history. Edited by Working Group on Historical Research and Monument Preservation Markgröningen, Markgröningen 2011, p. 90ff
  7. ↑ Ludwig Friedrich Heyd : History of the former Oberamts-Stadt Markgröningen with special consideration for the general history of Württemberg, mostly based on unpublished sources. Stuttgart 1829, p. 129.
  8. ↑ Ludwig Friedrich Heyd : History of the former Oberamts-Stadt Markgröningen with special consideration for the general history of Württemberg, mostly based on unpublished sources. Stuttgart 1829, pp. 199ff.
  9. ↑ Source: Landesarchiv BW A 349L zur Geistl. Administration of Markgröningen.
  10. ↑ Ludwig Friedrich Heyd : History of the former Oberamts-Stadt Markgröningen with special consideration for the general history of Württemberg, mostly based on unpublished sources. Stuttgart 1829, pp. 130ff.
  11. ^ Philipp Ludwig Hermann Röder : Geography and Statistics Wirtembergs, Volume 1 . Korn, Laybach in Krain 1787. pp. 358-361. Digitized .
  12. ^ Organizational edict of March 18, 1806
  13. ↑ Source: Landesarchiv BW online
  14. ↑ Ludwig Friedrich Heyd : History of the former Oberamts-Stadt Markgröningen with special consideration for the general history of Württemberg, mostly based on unpublished sources. Stuttgart 1829, p. 120.
  15. ↑ Erhard Lenk: Magister Ludwig Friedrich Heyd - pastor, historical researcher and historiographer, 1792-1842 . In: Ludwigsburger Geschichtsblätter, issue 17/1967, p. 99.
  16. ↑ It is noteworthy that the magistrate still officially called the city Gröningen in 1816 . According to Philipp Ludwig Hermann Röder : Geographical statistical-topographical lexicon of Swabia , Ulm 1791, initially only the “rabble” called the city “Markgröningen”.
  17. ↑ The text of the petition can be found at: Gerhard Liebler: Markgröningen - Short encounters with the city and its history. Edited by Working Group on Historical Research and Monument Preservation Markgröningen, Markgröningen 2011, p. 97f.
  18. ↑ The initials "FR" above the house entrance still remind of the initiator of the reform and former owner: " Fridericus Rex ". See Christa Hirthe: History of the Sankt-Bartholomäus-Apotheke from 1618 to 2001. In: 125 years of the Sankt-Bartholomäus-Apotheke in family ownership. Edited by Margarete David, Markgröningen 2001, pp. 4-23.

See also

Web links

Commons : History of Markgröningen  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Description of the Oberamt Ludwigsburg  - sources and full texts
  • Secular administration at the Working Group on Historical Research and Monument Preservation Markgröningen (AGD)