Horní Planá

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Horní Planá
Horní Planá coat of arms
Horní Planá (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihočeský kraj
District : Český Krumlov
Area : 12717 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 46 '  N , 14 ° 2'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 46 '3 "  N , 14 ° 1' 57"  E
Height: 776  m nm
Residents : 2,088 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 382 26
License plate : C.
traffic
Street: I / 39 Český Krumlov - Volary
Railway connection: České Budějovice – Černý Kříž
structure
Status: city
Districts: 8th
administration
Mayor : Jiří Hůlka (as of 2018)
Address: Náměstí 54
382 26 Horní Planá
Municipality number: 545511
Website : www.horniplana.cz
Location of Horní Planá in the Český Krumlov district
map

Horní Planá (German Oberplan ) is a town on the Bohemian Forest in the South Bohemian Okres Český Krumlov in the Czech Republic .

geography

Geographical location

Due to its location on the northern bank of the Vltava reservoir, Horní Planá is a popular excursion destination. Beyond the reservoir in the south is the village of Přední Zvonková ( Vorderglöckelberg ). At a distance of about seven kilometers in the southwest of the Schwarzenberg alluvial canal and behind it the border with the Austrian Mühlviertel .

Adalbert Stifter describes the geographical location of the cleared landscape and the "scattered villages" in his story The Tännling described :

“The valley is gentle and wide, it is cut into the woodland from east to west, and is almost entirely bare of trees, because, since the forests were exterminated, one had to suffer a lot from the abundance of trees and from that Principles ran out, the fewer trees left, the better it is. In the middle of the valley is the market town of Oberplan, which has its meadows and fields around it, not far from looking at the waters of the Vltava, and in the larger one has several villages scattered around. The valley itself is again not level, but has larger and smaller elevations. The most important is the Kreuzberg, which rises just behind Oberplan, is bared by the forest with which it was once covered, and takes its name from the blood-red cross that stands on its summit. From here you can see the whole valley. If you stand next to the red cross, you have the gray roofs of Oberplan below you, then its fields and meadows, then the shining snake of the Vltava and the aforementioned villages. "

Neighboring towns are Hodňov (Honetschlag) and Olšina ( Langenbruck ) in the northeast, Mokrá (Mugrau), Hůrka ( Stuben ) and Černá v Pošumaví (Schwarzbach) in the east and Pernek ( Berneck ) in the northwest. North of the city is the Boletice military training area and the 1220 meter high Špičak (Spitzberg).

Community structure

The municipality of Horní Planá consists of the districts Bližší Lhota, formerly Přední Štifta ( Vorderstift ), Hodňov ( Honetschlag ), Horní Planá ( Oberplan ), Hory ( Spitzenberg ), Hůrka ( Stuben ), Olšina, formerly Dlouhé Mosty ( Langenbruck ), Pernek ( Berneck ) and Žlábek ( Rindles ). Basic settlement units are Bližší Lhota, Hodňov, Horní Planá, Hory, Hůrka, Maňava-Pihlov ( Pichlern ), Olšina, Pernek, Pestřice ( Stögenwald ), Přední Zvonková ( Vorderglöckelberg ), Stará Hůrka, U nádraáží and.

Horní Planá also has several layers, including Jenišov ( Hossenreith ), Karlovy Dvory ( Karlshof ), Olšov ( Olschhof ), Račín ( Ratschin ), Valtrov ( Waltersgrün ) and Zadní Hamr ( Hinterhammer ) as well as the Zadní Zvonková ( Hinterglöckelberg ) desert .

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts Horní Planá, Pernek, Pestřice and Zvonková ( Glöckelberg ).

Neighboring communities

Želnava Boletice Training Area Polná na Šumavě
Nová Pec Neighboring communities
Ulrichsberg Aigen-Schlägl Černá v Pošumaví

history

View around 1823 (Adalbert Stifter)
City center

Since 1263 Oberplan belonged to the Cistercian monastery Goldenkron . In 1349 the Bohemian King Charles IV granted Oberplan market rights . During the Hussite Wars , in which the monastery property was secularized, Oberplan came to Ulrich II von Rosenberg in 1420 and thus to the rule of Krumlov , with which it remained connected until the abolition of patrimonial rule in 1848.

1568 Oberplan received its own coat of arms from Emperor Maximilian II . It shows a bear pointing to the right, sitting on a cleared hill and holding the rose of the noble Rosenberg family in its front paws, a flower with a gold center and green foliage. According to legend, the Rosenbergs are said to have emerged from the ancient Roman dynasty of the Orsini (orsa / she-bear).

Since 1850 Oberplan formed its own judicial district ( judicial district Oberplan ). With the railway connection, which reached Oberplan in 1892, an economic boom followed.

After the First World War , the Treaty of Saint-Germain was dictated to Austria-Hungary . The right of self-determination of the German-speaking population in the Sudetenland ( German Bohemia and German Moravians ), who founded the independent provinces of German Bohemia and Sudetenland in October 1918 , was not taken into account. The Czechoslovakia was founded.

As a result of the Munich Agreement , it was ceded to Germany with the Sudetenland in 1938 and belonged to the district of Krummau an der Moldau until 1945 .

Expulsion of the Germans

After the Second World War , the German-speaking population was expelled from Oberplan , their property was confiscated by the Beneš Decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic made no compensation for the confiscated assets. As a result of the displacement, the population initially fell significantly.

After the political change in 1989, measures were taken to expand the infrastructure, which was primarily aimed at the streams of visitors in the summer months. An expansion to include winter sports is opposed by nature conservationists.

Population development

census Residents

total

nationality
year German Czechs Other
1900 1829 1825 4 (0.2%) 0
1930 1,598 1,564 34 (2%) 0
1939 1,612 - - -
1991 1.924 - - -

Culture and sights

Adalbert Stifter's birthplace

Buildings

Donors House

In 1960, at the instigation of the Prague State Monument Preservation, a memorial was built in the birth house of the writer Adalbert Stifter , which is managed by the Museum in Český Krumlov . The memorial rooms in the donor's house were furnished by the director of the Český Krumlov District Museum Jan Huleš according to a design by the Czech cultural historian and curator Hugo Rokyta . Among other things, original furniture from Stifterschem was used. In recognition of his services, Rokyta, the main mediator of the founder in the Czechoslovak Republic , received honorary citizenship of the town of Horní Planá / Oberplan in 1995. On the front of the house where Adalbert Stifter was born is the oldest plaque from 1868. A Czech plaque from October 23, 1960 reads: “In this house, Adalbert Stifter was born on October 23, 1805. He was a loyal son of the Bohemian Forest, whose beauty and past he sung about in his works. ”The newly arranged, bilingual permanent exhibition Adalbert Stifter and his homeland provides extensive biographical data and shows numerous editions of his work. It gives an insight into Stifter's other activities as a painter, draftsman, tutor, conservator and school reformer.

Church of St. Margaretha

St. Margaretha

The originally early Gothic deanery church of St. Margaretha was built in the second half of the 13th century and changed to Baroque style around 1700. In its oldest part it contains figural Renaissance paintings from the 16th century. On the outer wall of the parish church there is an epitaph for Adalbert Stifter's mother and another simple memorial plaque for his teacher and first sponsor, the country teacher Josef Jenne.

Adalbert Stifter Memorial

Karl Wilfert: Donors monument on the Gutwasserberg

In 1906 the monument to Adalbert Stifter was unveiled there by Karl Wilfert the Younger from Eger . The poet is portrayed as a pensive wanderer, with a book in his right hand and a wanderer's hat in his left. The strict lines of the stretched-out figure in the long falling hiking coat and the font design are committed to the formal language of the Vienna Secession . The bronze plaque on the stone block quotes a passage from Stifter's Hochwald :

The broad forest
back and rise lovely
black-blue dawning;
off against the silver look
the Vltava; It lives
unspeakably much love and
Wistful in this
Sights.

The conception of the memorial served as a model for the following poet pictures of Stifter: "You put the founder with a book and supporting arms in a Bohemian composition landscape with all the props of a backdrop (mountain background, trees, boulders, dark forest lake), in front of which the poet ponders and remains like a monument" . From the park and monument, one could see the striking places of the Stifters Bohemian Forest landscape unhindered, on Oberplan, the Vltava heart , the castle ruins of Wittinghausen , on Hochficht , Plöckenstein and Dreisessel .

Gutwasserkapelle

The late baroque Gutwasserkapelle from 1777 to 1779, which is consecrated to the painful Mother of God for good water , stands above the donor monument . The construction of the pilgrimage church replaces an older chapel. The graceful work of the Pietà determines Stifter's novella The described Tännling , the pilgrimage chapel is recorded in his graphic work.

Schwarzenberg alluvial canal

The Schwarzenberg alluvial canal , around seven kilometers southwest of Horní Plana, connects the Vltava with the river system of the Danube and was used to flood wood.

Parks

The Adalbert Stifter Park extends on the Gutwasserberg / Dobrá Voda above the city. The area, overgrown after the Second World War, was recultivated on the occasion of the donor year 2005. The overall redesign project is mainly supported by the Association for the Restoration and Development of the Stifterpark am Gutwasserberg / Spolek pro obnovu a rozvoj Stifterova parku na Dobrà Vodě .

Natural monuments

Horní Planá is located in the Šumava National Park and Protected Landscape Area and is characterized by its natural diversity.

Sports

  • There is a bowling restaurant with three lanes on the town square.
  • The go-kart track is on the road to Hodňov.

Regular events

  • The three-day Margarethen festival takes place in July.
  • The two-day Rock fest na letňáku is held in August.

Economy and Infrastructure

Companies

As a town in the largest recreation area of ​​South Bohemia, catering and accommodation facilities and campsites are predominant here.

Public facilities

  • health Center
  • Kindergarten and elementary school
  • Retirement home
  • VLS division Oberplan

education

The Centrum Adalberta Stiftera / Adalbert Stifter Center is a Czech-German-Austrian study, education and meeting center. The study and educational institution, founded in 1997 and registered with the Ministry of Interior in Prague, is located on the road from the town square to the Lipno reservoir . Every autumn the “Oberplaner Talks” (Czech: Hornoplánské rozpravy ) take place there, at which Czech, German and Austrian politicians, writers, artists, concerned and interested contemporary witnesses meet.

traffic

Personalities

  • Adolf Martin Pleischl (1787–1867), university professor, chemist and physician, born in Hossenreith
  • Adalbert Stifter (1805–1868), poet, writer and painter; School board member, inspector of Upper Austrian elementary schools, conservator of architectural monuments in Upper Austria
  • Leopold Wackarž (1810–1901), Cistercian, Abbot of the Hohenfurth Monastery and Abbot General of the Cistercian Order
  • Johann Evangelist Habert (1833–1896), composer of church music, publicist and music theorist
  • Franz Fischer (1867–1937), school director, author of folkloric and historical articles as well as community chronicles; Honorary citizen of Horni Planá
  • Gustav Jungbauer (1886–1942), university professor, German-Bohemian ethnographer and collector of folk songs, one of the founders of the Bohemian Forest Museum in Horni Planà.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Obec Horní Planá: podrobné informace Územně identifikační registr ČR, accessed on September 14, 2018.
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 0.8 MiB)
  3. ↑ Části obcí Územně identifikační registr ČR, accessed on September 14, 2018.
  4. ↑ Základní sídelní jednotky Územně identifikační registr ČR, accessed on September 14, 2018.
  5. ↑ Katastrální území Územně identifikační registr ČR, accessed on 14 September 2018
  6. ^ Rudolf Hemmerle : Sudetenland Lexicon . Ed .: Adam Kraft Verlag. 2nd Edition. tape 4 , 1985, ISBN 3-8083-1163-0 , pp. 327 .
  7. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. aus_krummau.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  8. ↑ BÖHMERWALD BUND UPPER AUSTRIA. Retrieved September 20, 2016 .
  9. ^ Hugo Rokyta, images
  10. ^ Hugo Rokyta: The Bohemian countries. Handbook of Monuments and Memorials of European Cultural Relations in the Bohemian Lands . Bohemia. Vitalis-Buchverlag, Prague 1997. ISBN 80-85938-23-5 , article Horni Planá, p. 90.
  11. ↑ Rolf Selbmann: Late 'colorful stones'. The monuments for Adalbert Stifter . In: Yearbook of the Adalbert Stifter Institute of the State of Upper Austria, Vol. 3/1996. Edited by Herwig Gottwald and Manfred Mittermayer, Linz 1996, p. 119.
  12. ↑ for example: The Gutwasserkapelle near Oberplan , 1845, pencil on paper, illustration in: Franz Baumer: Adalbert Stifter - the draftsman and painter , Verlag Passavia, Passau 1979, p. 109.

Web links

Commons : Horní Planá  - collection of images, videos and audio files