Rio de Janeiro (State)

Rio de Janeiro
Symbols
flag coat of arms
Basic data
Country	Brazil
Capital	Rio de Janeiro
surface	43,909.7 km²
Residents	15,993,583 (2010)
density	364 inhabitants per km²
ISO 3166-2	BR-RJ
Website	www.rj.gov.br
politics
governor	Wilson Witzel (since January 1, 2019) Vice Governor: Cláudio Castro Senators: 3 Federal MPs: 46 State MPs : 70
Political party	PSC
economy
GDP	640,186  million  R $ 38,482  R $ per capita (2016)

Coordinates: 22 ° 22 ′  S , 42 ° 53 ′  W

The federal state of Rio de Janeiro , officially Portuguese Estado do Rio de Janeiro , belongs to the southeastern region of Brazil .

Its capital is also called Rio de Janeiro and is the central starting point of the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro . The residents of the state are known as Fluminenses , while the residents of the capital are called Cariocas .

After the elections in Brazil in 2018 , Wilson Witzel of the right-wing religious Partido Social Cristão (PSC) has been acting governor since January 1, 2019 . Vice-governor is Cláudio Castro , also PSC.

geography

Satellite image of the country

Mata Atlântica with mountain range

With an area of ​​only around 43,750.4 km² (as of 2018), Rio de Janeiro is one of the smaller states in Brazil and is roughly the size of Denmark and slightly smaller than the German state of Lower Saxony. With 17,264,943 inhabitants, estimated as of July 1, 2019, it is the third most populous state after São Paulo and Minas Gerais . The population density is about 365 inhabitants / km².

The highest point of the predominantly mountainous state is the Pico das Agulhas Negras in the Serra da Mantiqueira with 2,789 m. The most important rivers are the Paraíba do Sul, Macaé, Muriaé, Piraí and the Rio Grande . The largest inland body of water is the Laguna de Araruama , in the east of the state , with an area of ​​220 km² . With an extension of around 635 km on the South Atlantic, it has the third largest coastline after the coasts of Bahia (around 1183 km) and Maranhão (around 640 km). The coastal region is called Baixada Fluminense and, together with the adjoining Baixada Santista in the state of São Paulo, forms the Costa Verde region .

The state borders (clockwise from the southwest) with the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo , which together form the greater statistical region of Região Sudeste .

The capital and largest city is Rio de Janeiro . Your neighboring city of Niterói was the capital of the state until 1975 and is the fifth largest city with around 500,000 inhabitants. The 14 km long Rio-Niterói Bridge , which was built in 1974 and crosses the Bay of Guanabara , runs between the two cities .

According to their economic importance, the next most important cities of the state of Rio de Janeiro are, in alphabetical order: Angra dos Reis , Araruama , Arraial do Cabo , Barra Mansa , Búzios , Cabo Frio , Campos , Duque de Caxias , Macaé , Mauá , Nova Friburgo , Nova Iguaçu , Paraty , Petrópolis , Rio das Ostras , São Gonçalo , Saquarema , Teresópolis and Volta Redonda .

history

The state of Rio de Janeiro has its origins in the imperial province of Rio de Janeiro, which was founded after the independence of Brazil in 1822 . The city of Rio de Janeiro was the capital of both the province and the empire . In order to do justice to its capital city function, the city was administratively separated from its provincial surroundings in 1834 as a "neutral city" (Município Neutro), whereupon the city and the province now represent two local authorities with the same name. Niterói became the new capital of the province . After the end of the empire and the proclamation of the republic in 1889, the province was incorporated into a federal state . Its capital was moved from Niterói to Petrópolis in 1894 , only to be moved back to Niterói in 1903.

With the supplementary law Lei complementar número 20 of July 1, 1974, the Brazilian military government under President Ernesto Geisel decreed the reunification of the state of Rio de Janeiro with the city-state of Rio de Janeiro, which had existed as the state of Guanabara since 1960 . The law came into effect on March 15, 1975, resulting in the current state, the capital of which is now again Rio de Janeiro.

politics

executive

Palácio Guanabara , seat of the governor

Palácio Tiradentes , seat of the Legislative Assembly

Wilson Witzel has been the 63rd governor since the state was founded since the 2018 elections in Brazil . Its lieutenant governor is Cláudio Castro of the PSC . The seat of government is the Palácio Guanabara .

The state is represented in the Federal Senate of the National Congress (56th legislative period) by three senators: Arolde de Oliveira ( PSD ), Flávio Bolsonaro ( Republicanos ) and the former football player Romário ( PODE ). 46 federal deputies were elected to the Chamber of Deputies of the National Congress.

See also : List of Governors of the State of Rio de Janeiro

Governors have been since 1974 in the transition period from the military dictatorship of Brazil and since the Sixth Republic:

• Floriano P. Faria Lima (1974–1979), appointed
• Antônio Chagas Freitas (1979–1983) PDS , indirectly elected
• Leonel Brizola (1983-1987) PDT
• Moreira Franco (1987-1991) PMDB
• Leonel Brizola (1991-1994) PDT
• Nilo Batista (1994-1995) PDT
• Marcello Alencar (1995-1999) PSDB
• Anthony Garotinho (1999-2002) PDT
• Benedita da Silva (2002–2003) PT , governor
• Rosinha Garotinho (2003–2007) PSB , Governor
• Sérgio Cabral Filho (2007-2010) PMDB
• Sérgio Cabral Filho (2011-2014) PMDB
• Luiz Fernando Pezão (2014–2016, March) PMDB
• Francisco Dornelles (2016, March - 2016, October, interim ) PP
• Luiz Fernando Pezão (2016, October 31 - 2018) PMDB
• Wilson Witzel (2019, January - acting ) PSC

In November 2016, the state declared a financial emergency, hospitals and schools remained partially closed and the police worked on a half-strike; in January 2017 alone, 18 officers were murdered. At the same time, the former Governor Sérgio Cabral was on remand on charges of embezzling hundreds of millions of dollars.

In February 2018, the NZZ called the incumbent governor a “walking disaster”: He belongs to the clique of Sérgio Cabral Filho, who “eased the state by hundreds of millions of dollars”. The President of Brazil, Michel Temer , wanted to remove the governor's control; instead, by Decree 9.288, he was only deprived of control of the security apparatus, so that from February 2018, Army General Walter Souza Braga Netto , military commander of the East, took over the police for one year in command. The appointment of a federal intervener is constitutionally controversial.

legislative branch

The 12th legislative assembly Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (ALERJ), currently running from 2019 to 2023, consists of 70 members. It is based in the Palácio Tiradentes in the center of the capital.

Judiciary

The highest body of justice, including the state military justice, is the Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (TJERJ), the court of justice of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Judge Milton Fernandes de Souza is the president for the period 2017 to 2018 .

Demographics

Ethnic groups

Proportions of ethnic groups according to a survey from 2009 (from a total of 15,801,000):

group	Percentage ownership %	annotation
Brancos (whites, descendants of Europeans )	55.8	mostly of Portuguese , Italian , German , Swiss , Spanish origins
Pardos (mixed race)	32.6	mostly mulattos and mestizos
Pretos ( blacks )	11.1	mostly Bantu and Yoruba people
Indigenous people and Amarelos ( people of Asian origin )	0.4
without disclosures	0.1

Economy and Agriculture

The share of Rio de Janeiro in the Brazilian gross domestic product (GDP) was 11.2% in 2011, it is the second highest in the country after that of São Paulo . Overall, the GDP was R $ 462,376 million , per capita R $ 28,696, the third highest in the country in 2011.

The majority (approx. 58%) is generated in the service sector . The most important industries are chemical industry , oil and gas extraction and metal industry . The Tourism plays a very important role. The city of Rio de Janeiro is Brazil's most popular destination, especially for foreign tourists, while the small seaside resort Armação dos Búzios takes second place in the state and eighth place in all of Brazil.

Cities

See also : List of municipalities in Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro

Niterói

Campos

Petrópolis

Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants according to the 2010 census of the IBGE with estimates of the population as of July 1, 2016.

	local community	2010 Census	July 1, 2016 estimate
01	Rio de Janeiro	6,320,446 ▲	6,498,837
02	São Gonçalo	999.728 ▲	1,044,058
03	Duque de Caxias	855.048 ▲	886.917
04th	Nova Iguaçu	796,257 ▼ (2000: 920,599)	797.435
05	Niterói	487,562 ▲	497,883
06th	Campos dos Goytacazes	463.731 ▲	487.186
07th	Belford Roxo	469.332 ▲	494.141
08th	Sao João de Meriti	458.673 ▲	460,541
09	Petrópolis	295.917 ▲	298.158
10	Volta Redonda	257,803 ▲	263,659
11	Magé	227,322 ▲	236.319
12	Itaboraí	218.008 ▲	230.786
13	Macaé	206.728 ▲	239.471
14th	Cabo Frio	186.227 ▲	212.289
15th	Nova Friburgo	182,082 ▲	185.102
16	Barra Mansa	177,813 ▲	180.126
17th	Angra dos Reis	169,511 ▲	191.504
18th	Mesquita	168,376 ▲	171.020
19th	Teresópolis	163,746 ▲	174,587
20th	Nilópolis	157,425 ▲	158.319
21st	Queimados	137,962 ▲	144,525
22nd	Maricá	127,461 ▲	149,876
23	Resende	119,769 ▲	126.084
24	Araruama	112.008 ▲	124,940
25th	Itaguaí	109.091 ▲	120,855
26th	Rio das Ostras	105,676 ▲	136,626

Web links

Commons : Rio de Janeiro (State)  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Government website , Governo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese)
• Legislative Assembly website , Assembleia Legislativa do Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Rio de Janeiro - Panorama. In: cidades.ibge.gov.br. IBGE , accessed September 4, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese). 
2. ↑ ^{a b} IBGE : Notícias: Contas Regionais do Brasil. Retrieved October 6, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese).
3. ^ Wilson Witzel 20 (Governador). In: todapolitica.com. Eleições 2018, accessed September 4, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese). 
4. ↑ IBGE : Rio de Janeiro Panorama , Version 4.3.5, accessed on March 9, 2018 (Portuguese).
5. ↑ Presidência da República: Lei complementar n ° 20, de 1º de julio de 1974 Dispõe sobre a criação de Estados e Territórios . Retrieved July 30, 2014 (Portuguese).
6. ↑ Death on the climbing frame , NZZ, February 7, 2017
7. ↑ Decreto Nº 9.288 de 16 de fevereiro de 2018, Decreta intervenção federal no Estado do Rio de Janeiro com o objetivo de pôr termo ao grave comprometimento da ordem pública. In: Diário Oficial da União - Imprensa Nacional. pesquisa.in.gov.br, February 16, 2018, accessed March 9, 2018 (Brazilian Portuguese). 
8. ↑ Temer's soldiers should bring calm to Rio , NZZ, February 19, 2018
9. ↑ Deputados estaduais eleitos no RJ; veja lista. In: globo.com. G1, accessed July 11, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese). 
10. ↑ Deputados, quem são. In: www.alerj.rj.gov.br. Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, accessed July 11, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese, updated). 
11. ↑ Galeria dos Presidentes do TJERJ (1975-2018) - Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. In: jus.br. www.tjrj.jus.br, accessed March 12, 2018 (Brazilian Portuguese). 
12. ↑ IBGE : Síntese de indicadores sociais. Uma análise das condições de vida da população brasileira 2010 . Rio de Janeiro 2010, ISBN 978-85-240-4034-4 , Tabela 8.1 - População total e respectiva distribuição percentual, por cor ou raça, segundo as Grandes Regiões, Unidades da Federação e Regiões Metropolitanas - 2009 , p. 232 (Brazilian Portuguese, archive.org [PDF; accessed March 18, 2018]).
13. ↑ IBGE : Cidades @ Rio de Janeiro . Retrieved July 30, 2014 (Portuguese, English, Spanish).