Rokytnice v Orlických horách
| Rokytnice v Orlických horách | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Královéhradecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Rychnov nad Kněžnou | ||||
| Area : | 4019 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 10 ' N , 16 ° 28' E | ||||
| Height: | 580 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 2,022 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 517 61 | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Rychnov nad Kněžnou - Mladkov | ||||
| Railway connection: | Doudleby nad Orlicí – Rokytnice v Orlických horách | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 2 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Petr Hudousek (as of 2007) | ||||
| Address: | náměstí Jindřicha Šimka 3 517 61 Rokytnice v Orlických horách |
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| Municipality number: | 576701 | ||||
| Website : | www.rokytnice.cz | ||||
Rokytnice v Orlických horách (German Rokitnitz i. Eagle Mountains ) is a town in Okres Rychnov nad Kněžnou in the Czech Republic .
geography
The city is 14 kilometers east of Rychnov nad Kněžnou ( Reichenau an der Kniescha ) in the Eagle Mountains in the valley of the Rokytenka River . By the place the main road 319 leading from rychnov nad kněžnou according Mladkov ( Wichstadtl ), the road 310 from the in Rokytnice according Zdobnice ( Stiebnitz branches).
Neighboring towns are Prostřední Rokytnice ( Mitteldorf ) in the north, Neratov ( Bärnwald ) in the northeast, Bartošovice v Orlických horách ( Batzdorf ) in the east, Záhory ( Sahorsch ), Kunačice ( Ochsendorf ), V Dole ( Hinter Thal ) and Kunvald ( Kunwald ) in the southeast , Kameničná ( Steinicht ) in the south, Pěčín ( Pechin ) in the west and Nebeská Rybná ( Heavenly Rybnai ) in the northwest. On the other side of the border with Poland, in the south of the Glatzer Kessel, are the villages of Poniatów ( Peucker ) in the northeast, Niemojów ( Marienthal ) in the east and Lesica ( Freiwalde ) in the southeast.
history
The colonization of the area of the Eagle Foothills took place in the second half of the 13th and beginning of the 14th century by the von Dürnholz family ( e.g. Drnholce ). This includes Hermann von Dürnholz ( Heřman z Rychnova ), who was enfeoffed with the Reichenau rule and who is documented for the year 1269, as well as relatives with the title of Rychmberg ( z Rychmberka ) and the Prague canon Hroznata. At the transition from the 13th to the 14th century he colonized the area on the middle Zdobnice ( Stiebnitz ), from which he formed a lordship whose military and administrative center was the Pěčín Castle and Rokitnitz the associated urban center.
"Rokytnicz" was first mentioned in 1318. In that year, for unknown reasons, there was a rift between the canon Hroznata and the von Rychmberg family. Their relatives attacked Pěčín Castle and the town of Rokitnitz and burned both places down. Presumably because of this, the formation of the independent Rokitnitz rule could not be continued, so that the area was joined to the Reichenau rule, with which it remained connected until 1487. In the 14th century Rokitnitz was owned by the Mutina, who were also referred to with the predicate Dobruška and Opočno . In 1369 they held the patronage of the parish church occupied for that year, which belonged to the dean's office Adlerkosteletz .
In 1411, the brothers Jan and Hynek von Reichenau divided the reign of Reichenau. The area around Pěčín and Rokitnitz, which was then called the village, fell to Hynek, who built his farm in Dubno ( oak farm ) near Reichenau. In 1456 this share came to Jan the Elder. J. von Reichenau ( Jan ml. Z Rychnova ) and later to Heinrich von Reichenau ( Jindřich z Rychnova ). His daughter Johanka, who was married to Kunata Vlk von Kvítkov ( z Kvítkova ), gave him and their children the independent farm Rokytnik in 1519, which was probably built between 1495 and 1497. In 1534 the now widowed Johanka married Kuneš Hokovský von Hokov . Under their rule, Rokitnitz, which was referred to as a town in 1543, developed into an economic center.
After Johanka's death in 1548 Jan Licek von Riesenburg ( Lickové z Rýzmburka ), who already owned the Borohrádek ( Heideburg ) rule, acquired the Rokitnitz rule. In 1552 he held the post of captain of the Königgrätzer Kreis . Although he resided in Borohrádek, he began building a fortress in Rokitnitz, which was only completed and fortified by his son Siegmund ( Zikmund ) after his death in 1553 . Siegmund also expanded the already existing castle courtyard, and in 1560 he built the Nový dvůr in Mitteldorf ( Prostřední Rokytnice ). He also founded Bärnwald in the Erlitztal valley, which was settled by Germans from the neighboring county of Glatz .
In 1567 Siegmund Licek sold the Rokitnitz rule to Joachim von Mauschwitz, who came from the Upper Lusatian noble family Debschitz . Since 1556 he owned the villages of Wiesen , Halbstadt and Wernersdorf belonging to the Braunau monastery as a pledge , which is why he was ennobled in 1558 as a resident of the Kingdom of Bohemia with the predicate "von Armenruh" ( Jachým Maušvic z Armenruh ). During his reign, Rokitnitz was raised to a town by Emperor Rudolf II. at the same time he granted the privilege of holding a weekly and a fair. In 1580 Joachim Mauschwitz and Armenruh began converting the existing fortress into a castle. In 1585 he was followed by his son Christof, who was from Joachim's first marriage to Elisabeth ( Alžběta ) von Schaffgotsch . After 1600 he built the Renaissance church dedicated to the Holy Trinity . In 1601 he published a new, strict church order for his subjects. Like his father, Christof Mauschwitz von Armenruh continued the colonization of the right-hand Erlitz valley, which he settled mainly with Germans from the Glatzer country . Although he achieved economic prosperity on his territory, the strict regulations that he issued caused unrest among his subjects. They burned down his farm yard in 1615, and a year later he was shot by his subjects.
Presumably in a will, Rokitnitz fell to Joachim Ziegler and Klipphausen in 1616 , who was married to a sister of Christof Mauschwitz von Armenruh. In 1618 he signed an agreement with the governor Niklas von Gersdorff , according to which the subjects from the next Rokitnitzer and Glatzer villages were responsible for the permanent maintenance and repair of a bridge over the Erlitz between Bärnwald and Peucker. Since he was involved in the class uprising of 1618 , he was sentenced in 1628 by Emperor Ferdinand II to a fine of 2000 Rhenish guilders . After paying the fine, he was allowed to keep the rule of Rokitnitz. However, in view of the imminent conviction, he had already signed a contract with the nobleman Johann Nikolaus von Nostitz ( Jan Mikuláš z Nostic ), who also came from Upper Lusatia, in 1627 , after which he exchanged the rule of Rokitnitz with his court Oberkunewalde in the Lusatian mountains . In this agreement, the Rokitnitz rule is described in detail. Accordingly, there were three courtyards in Rokitnitz in 1627: the castle courtyard ( Zámecký ), the old courtyard in Mitteldorf ( Stary, Prostřední Rokytnice ) and the Niederhof ( Dolní, in Dolní Rokytnice ). The corresponding entry on the change of ownership in the land table was made on December 5, 1629.
In 1651 Otto von Nostitz-Rokitnitz (1608–1664) granted the town of Rokinitz 13 privileges. In 1664 he was followed by his son Christoph Wenzel von Nostitz-Rokitnitz . He founded an extensive library with bibliophile treasures in Rokitnitz Castle, which was transferred to the Plan Castle Library in 1823 .
After the replacement of patrimonial Rokitnitz became an independent city. In 1852 the market town belonging to the Senftenberg district administration was raised to the status of town. With the construction of the Daudleb – Rokitnitz local line in 1906, the city received a railway connection. The Counts of Nostitz owned the castle and the associated large estates until the 1920s.
A German majority lived in Rokitnitz and rejected Czechoslovakia , which came into being after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy . In 1918, the city therefore joined the Sudetenland Province . On December 15, 1918, Rokitnitz was occupied by the Czechoslovak Army. Between 1935 and 1938, bunker lines for the Czechoslovak Wall were built on the ridge east of the city . In 1939 there were 1,023 people in the city. After the Munich Agreement , it was incorporated into the German Empire; from 1939 to 1945 the city belonged to the German district Grulich , administrative district Troppau , in the Reichsgau Sudetenland . After the end of World War II, the Germans were expelled in 1945/46 . Due to the population loss, Rokytnice lost its town charter .
After the Warsaw Pact invaded Czechoslovakia, Rokytnice was occupied by the Polish army in 1968 . Subsequently it became a garrison town of the Soviet Army . In 1971 the city rights were renewed. After the Velvet Revolution , the city developed into the tourist center of the Eagle Mountains. It was not until 1991 that the Soviet Army withdrew from the city.
Rokitnitz glassworks
A glassworks is documented for the first time in 1515, which was presumably in the area of the later Prostřední Rokytnice ( Middle Village ). The glass production was particularly promoted by Christof Mauschwitz von Armenruh. A smelter Martin Laczl is documented for 1588, followed by Mathes Kaden. In 1594 he sold his glassworks to Georg Schürer , a son of Valentin Schürer von Waldheim. Georg Schürer had to give up operations a year later due to over-indebtedness. The next owner was Hans Schieritz from the Glatzer Hausdorf , who was a brother-in-law of the smelter Hans Friedrich . Hans Schieritz, to whom Christof Mauschwitz von Armenruh had granted extensive privileges, was last mentioned in 1610. Even before that, the company had been relocated to the area of the later Horní Rokytnice ( Oberdorf ).
Dispute over the eastern border
The borderline between the old Bohemian district of Königgrätz and the likewise Bohemian Glatzer Land, which was elevated to a county in 1459, was not precisely defined in the area of the Eagle Mountains or the Wild Eagle ( Erlitz ) until the 16th century. While the Glatzer regarded the river as a natural border, the owners of the Rokitnitz rule and the neighboring territories claimed that the border ran over the ridge of the Habelschwerdter Mountains . The border dispute is documented for the first time in 1545, when the Bohemian King Ferdinand I informed the Glatzer pawnman Johann von Pernstein that at Pernstein's request he had commissioned commissioners to determine the course of the border. Since both the owner of Rokitnitz, Johanka von Kvítkov, and her opponent Johann von Pernstein died in 1546/47, the matter was pursued by the Glatzer pledgee Ernst von Bayern . A commission set up in 1550 under the leadership of the Prague burgraves Jan Byšický von Byšice laid out the border in favor of the Glatzer. Jan Licek von Riesenburg was not satisfied with the verdict. In 1567 his son and successor Siegmund asked the Bohemian state parliament to decide the border dispute in his favor. When the rule was sold to Joachim Mauschwitz von Armenruh in the same year, it was agreed that Siegmund von Riesenburg would also sell the won territory to Joachim Mauschwitz in the event that the border dispute was decided in his favor.
Demographics
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1834 | 866 | in 165 houses, almost only Catholics (73 Jews), in the village the Bohemian language is used in addition to the German language |
| 1848 | approx. 1,000 | |
| 1930 | 1,022 | |
| 1939 | 1,025 | |
| 2017 | 2,047 |
Community structure
The municipality Rokytnice v Orlických horách consists of the districts Nebeská Rybná ( Heavenly Rybnai ) and Rokytnice v Orlických horách ( Rokitnitz ) and the local positions Dolní Rokytnice v Orlických horách ( Niederdorf ), Hamer Nice ( Hammersdorf ) Horní Rokytnice ( Oberdorf ), Julinčíno Údolí ( Julienthal ), Lipovka ( Lindenhof ), Popelov ( Popelow ) and Prostřední Rokytnice ( Mitteldorf ).
The abandoned towns of Dubno ( Eichenhof ), Hanička ( Hannchen ), Panské Pole ( Herrnfeld ), Václavova Seč ( Wenzelshau ) and Údoličko ( Liebenthal ) are in the corridors of the city .
Attractions
- The church consecrated to the Holy Trinity was built by Christof Mauschwitz von Armenruh 1600–1604.
- Parish Church of All Saints, rebuilt between 1679 and 1684.
- Rokytnice Castle, on the market square
- Fountain in the market
- Museum of Artillery Fortress Hanička, part of the Czechoslovak Wall
- Jewish Cemetery
sons and daughters of the town
- Christoph Wenzel von Nostitz-Rokitnitz (1648–1712), owner of the Rokitnitz estate
- Moritz Reich (1831–1857), German-Bohemian writer
- Franz Mader (1912–1988), German politician, born in Mitteldorf
- Elfriede Kuzmany (1915-2006), Austrian actress
- Günther Wytopil (born April 15, 1926 - † January 15, 2012 in Ueberau ), since 1998 honorary citizen of Rokytnice
literature
- Anton Karger: Historical notes about the parish church of All-Saints-God in Rokitnitz in Bohemia. Compiled according to documents from the parish archives in 1869 on the occasion of the renovation and the inauguration of the same. Prague 1871 ( e-copy )
- Jaroslav Šůla: Rokytnice v Orlických Horách a Mauschwitzové from Armenruh. Oftis, Ústí nad Orlicí 2010, ISBN 978-80-7405-086-2 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ Anton Karger: Historical notes on the parish church of All Saints God in Rokitnitz in Bohemia. Compiled from documents of the parish archives in 1869 on the occasion of the renovation [sic], and the ceremonial inauguration of the same. Prague 1871, p. 5.
- ↑ Digitized: Handbook of the historical book inventory in Germany.
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 4: Königgrätzer Kreis , Prague 1836, p. 270 .
- ↑ Topographic Lexicon of Bohemia . Prague 1852, p. 346.
- ↑ a b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Grulich district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ https://www.czso.cz/documents/10180/45964084/1300721703.pdf/c2733bca-a698-42cb-a6ec-19b8e95f5bc6?version=1.0
- ↑ Honorary Citizen