Helmbrechts

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Helmbrechts
Helmbrechts
Map of Germany, position of the city of Helmbrechts highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 14 '  N , 11 ° 43'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Franconia
County : court
Height : 616 m above sea level NHN
Area : 58.72 km 2
Residents: 8369 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 143 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 95233
Area code : 09252
License plate : HO , MÜB , NAI, REH , SAN
Community key : 09 4 75 136
LOCODE : DE MHS
City structure: 40 parish parts

City administration address : 		Luitpoldstrasse 21
95233 Helmbrechts
Website : www.stadt-helmbrechts.de
Mayor : Stefan Pöhlmann ( SPD )
Location of the city of Helmbrechts in the district of Hof
Schwarzenbach an der Saale Zell im Fichtelgebirge Weißdorf Trogen (Oberfranken) Töpen Stammbach Sparneck Selbitz (Oberfranken) Schwarzenbach am Wald Schauenstein Rehau Regnitzlosau Oberkotzau Naila Münchberg Lichtenberg (Oberfranken) Konradsreuth Köditz Issigau Helmbrechts Geroldsgrün Gattendorf (Oberfranken) Feilitzsch Döhlau Berg (Oberfranken) Bad Steben Landkreis Kronach Hof (Saale) Landkreis Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge Landkreis Kulmbach Landkreis Bayreuth Martinlamitzer Forst-Nord Geroldsgrüner Forst Gerlaser Forst Forst Schwarzenbach a.Wald Sachsen Thüringen Tschechienmap
About this picture

Helmbrechts is a town in the Upper Franconian district of Hof . It is located a good 15 kilometers southwest of Hof and is designated as a medium-sized center in the Bavarian state development program .

Luitpoldstrasse from the north
From the Rathausberg towards the south
Münchberger Strasse
Ottengrüner Strasse
Hofer Strasse with the parish church

geography

The city is eight kilometers from the A 9 , halfway between Kulmbach and Hof on the edge of the Franconian Forest .

Community structure

There are 40 officially named parts of the municipality (the type of settlement is given in brackets ):

history

Until the church is planted

Helmbrechts was first mentioned in a document in 1232. A knight “Dietericus de Helmblassung” had the East Franconian county of Radenzgau settled at that time . In another foundation deed of May 25, 1266, a "Rudegerus de Helmblassung" was named as a witness who was a follower of the "Schawinsteiner". It is a genitive place name for the personal name Helmbrecht (as an exit about the Helmbrechts estate ).

The burgrave of Nuremberg divided his domain into two parts in 1385, from then on Helmbrechts belonged to the so-called Oberland of the Principality of Kulmbach (from 1604 Principality of Bayreuth ). Since the Burgrave of Nuremberg owed the Lords of Weida from taking over the city of Hof and the Regnitzland , Helmbrechts suffered a lot from their feud .

On December 8, 1408, the Schauenstein region was sold to Vogt Heinrich von Gera, bought back in 1410 and resold in 1413 to Meinhard Götz von E (l) bersdorf and Nikel von Watzdorf . In 1412 a city ​​wall with four gates was built. 1422 Helmbrechts received from the Nuremberg Castle Count V. Friedrich city rights . Since the official document was lost in the turmoil during the Hussite invasion in 1430, the city rights were renewed in 1449, 1639 and 1755. In 1424 the church separated from Schauenstein, and a clergyman was appointed for the first time in Helmbrechts. In 1445 Helmbrechts was hit by a wave of plague . The St. Johann mine tunnel under the Kirchberg was opened in 1490. It is not known what was mined and how long it was in operation, the duration is estimated at around 100 years. There are many legends about the tunnels.

From 1500 Helmbrechts belonged to the Franconian Empire . In 1549 the bailiwick district of Helmbrechts Kulmbach was assigned. In 1810, the town became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria , after the town had been under Napoleon's rule from 1806 to 1810 and had previously been under Prussian rule for ten years.

Territorial reform

Until the regional reform on July 1, 1972, Helmbrechts belonged to the Münchberg district and became part of the Hof district as part of the reform. With the municipal reform, numerous places in the vicinity of the city came. After Münchberg and Rehau, Helmbrechts is the third largest city in the Hof district.

timeline

Other data from the recent city history:

year event
1555 pest
1632 ff. During the Thirty Years' War troops passed through again and again
1726 Major fire (80 houses destroyed)
1733 Fire in which a third of all town houses were destroyed, after which the city was granted five years of tax exemption
1807 After the Peace of Tilsit , Helmbrechts became French
1810 Napoleon ceded the Margraviate of Bayreuth to the King of Bavaria, Helmbrechts became Bavarian
1817 Construction of a road from Münchberg to Helmbrechts
1844 Major fire
1850 Inauguration of the Johanniskirche
1867 First street lighting in Helmbrechts
1871 Major fire
1877 So-called White Schoolhouse was built
1887 Inauguration of the railway line to Münchberg on June 1st
1895 Construction of the observation tower on the Kirchberg
1924 Inauguration of the railway line to Schauenstein on June 1st
1945 On April 11th and 12th: low-flying attacks, on April 15th: evacuation of the subcamp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp , invasion of the US armed forces

Helmbrechts subcamp

Langer Gang memorial in Schwarzenbach an der Saale

The concentration camp Helmbrechts was related in August 1944, consisting of wooden barracks concentration camp for female prisoners, the concentration camp and shortly after the first assignment the Flossenburg assumed. The later up to 1,000 inmates had to do forced labor in the halls of the Witt textile company for the Neumeyer cable and metal works from Nuremberg . On April 13, 1945 the death march of a total of 1175 prisoners took place, the one from Haide via Meierhof and Ahornberg to Schwarzenbach an der Saale (see also Langer Gang memorial ) and then via Neuhausen near Rehau, Franzensbad , Marienbad , Plan and Taus into Bohemia Wallern led. Over 200 women died of exhaustion or were murdered.

The camp leader was SS Untererscharführer Alois Dörr , who exercised brutal rule. In 1969 he had to answer for murder in 217 cases before the jury court in Hof . During the death march alone, 59 prisoners died on his orders or were shot himself. He was sentenced to life imprisonment, but was released in 1979 due to a pardon from the Bavarian Prime Minister Alfons Goppel .

Incorporations

On July 1, 1972 the communities Baiergrün, Kleinschwarzenbach, Oberweißbach and Wüstenselbitz were incorporated. On January 1, 1977, the Enchenreuth and Gösmes markets (both in the Stadtsteinach district until 1972 ) were added. Parts of the dissolved municipality of Ahornberg and the municipality of Schauenstein followed on May 1, 1978.

Population development

In the period from 1988 to 2018, the population fell from 9,897 to 8,413 by 1,484 or 15%. On December 31, 1996, the city had 10,274 inhabitants.

politics

City council

The last local elections resulted in the following allocation of seats in the city council:

2002 2008 2014 2020
CSU 8th 7th 7th 6th
SPD 11 8th 8th 7th
Non-partisan community of voters in the city and the surrounding area 3 2 1 1
Helmbrechts network, speaking citizens 2 2 3 3
Active Helmbrechtser - 1 1 1
Alliance 90 / The Greens - - - 1
AfD - - - 1
total 24 20th 20th 20th

coat of arms

Helmbrechts coat of arms
 Blazon : “Split; front quartered in silver and black; behind in silver a red eagle armed with gold. "

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

Helmbrechts was once a center of the textile and plastics industry. As early as the Middle Ages, the city had linen and fork weaving mills . The farmers tried to earn an extra income early on, as often insufficient harvests could be achieved on the nutrient-poor soil. For this reason, Helmbrechts was ironically referred to by locals as the “wardrobe of the world”.

traffic

Entrance building of the new train station
Airfield

Streets

Via the state roads 2695 (to Volkmannsgrün) and 2695 (to the junction Hof West), Helmbrechts is connected to the federal autobahn 9 (towards Berlin, about ten kilometers) and further over the federal road 15 to the city of Hof . After Münchberg leading state road 2194 , which (about 6 km) at the exit Münchberg Nord provides the link to the A9 towards Nuremberg. State road 2194 leads in a north-westerly direction to Schwarzenbach am Wald , State road 2195 via Presseck to Stadtsteinach .

railroad

Helmbrechts is today's terminus of the former Münchberg – Selbitz railway line . Local trains run to Münchberg largely every hour.

The first station was opened on November 15, 1886 as the terminus of the Münchberg – Wüstenselbitz – Helmbrechts line with a “test train” and then operated in freight traffic. The opening for passenger and general cargo traffic dragged on until June 1, 1887. As a result, several mechanical textile companies soon settled in the village.

In 1924, the station was moved around 500 meters and the old building was demolished in 1986. On February 29, 1924, the connection to Selbitz to the Hof – Bad Steben railway line was completed, and the Helmbrechtser station with the new reception building became a through station.

The tourist traffic in the direction of Selbitz ended in 1976, a modest freight traffic to Schauenstein was initially maintained. On December 31, 1978 this remaining section was also closed, Helmbrechts station was again the terminus.

Airfield

The Ottengrüner Heide airfield is located on the southern edge of the city .

Public facilities

Educational institutions

  • State secondary school Helmbrechts
  • Otto Knopf Elementary and Middle School in Helmbrechts
  • Helmbrechts eco station

Leisure and sports facilities

Helmbrechts has an indoor wave pool , two managed natural open air pools , a special landing area (SFZ Ottengrüner Heide) and a "FunPark". There are marked circular and cycling trails, including the Way of St. James and cross-country trails in winter. The European long-distance hiking trails E3 and E6 touch the city. The Helmbrechts tennis club has existed since 1951 and has a facility with three courts. There is a rifle club and a bowling club in the Wüstenselbitz district.

Culture and sights

Dr. Martin Luther Church in the Wüstenselbitz district

Attractions

Architectural monuments

Museums

Personalities

Honorary citizen

sons and daughters of the town

People connected to the city

literature

Web links

Commons : Helmbrechts  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Helmbrechts  - Travel Guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Mayor. Municipality of Helmbrechts, accessed on August 15, 2020 .
  3. ^ Municipality of Helmbrechts in the local database of the Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on December 15, 2019.
  4. ^ Manfred Niemeyer (ed.): German book of place names . De Gruyter, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-018908-7 , pp. 255 .
  5. ↑ Peter Engelbrecht: The war is over. Spring 1945 in Upper Franconia . Späthling, Weißenstadt 2015, ISBN 978-3-942668-23-1 , pp. 82 .
  6. ↑ Peter Engelbrecht, op. Cit. , P. 84.
  7. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 526 .
  8. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 687 and 688 .
  9. ↑ Election of the city council - local elections 2020 in the city of Helmbrechts - overall result. AKDB, accessed June 4, 2020 .
  10. ^ Entry on the Helmbrechts coat of arms  in the database of the House of Bavarian History
  11. ^ Gernot Dietel, Roland Fraas: Railway in Münchberg 1848–1998 . 1st edition. Münchberg-Helmbrechtser Zeitung Verlag, Münchberg 1998, ISBN 3-938463-01-5 , p. 71 .
  12. ↑ Gernot Dietel, Roland Fraas, op. Cit. , P. 72.
  13. ↑ The local railway Münchberg - Helmbrechts at mec01.muenchberg.de, accessed on June 8, 2015
  14. ^ Upper Franconian Textile Museum Helmbrechts