Jevišovka

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jevišovka
Jevišovka coat of arms
Jevišovka (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Břeclav
Area : 1265 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 50 ′  N , 16 ° 28 ′  E Coordinates: 48 ° 49 ′ 41 ″  N , 16 ° 27 ′ 56 ″  E
Height: 177  m nm
Residents : 677 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 691 83
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Drnholec - Jevišovka
Railway connection: Břeclav – Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Božena Bošiaková (as of 2018)
Address: Drnholecká 98
691 83 Jevišovka
Municipality number: 584525
Website : www.jevisovka.cz

Jevišovka , 1918–1948 Frélichov , 1949–1950 Charvátská (German Fröllersdorf , Croatian Frjelištorf ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located 13 kilometers west of Mikulov and belongs to the Okres Břeclav .

geography

Jevišovka is located on the left side of the confluence of the Jevišovka and the Baštýnský potok ( bastion ditch ) in the Thaya in the south of the Thaya-Schwarza valley basin . The border with Austria runs two kilometers south of the village . The Přerovský vrch ( Arbes , 237 m) and Heidberg / Velký Kopec (255 m) rise to the southeast . In the south, the Břeclav – Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou railway passes, the Jevišovka railway station is just under a kilometer outside the village. To the south and east of the town there are fortification lines of the Czechoslovak Wall along the Thaya .

Neighboring towns are Drnholec in the north, Novosedly in the northeast, Dobré Pole in the east, Nový Přerov in the southeast, Alt-Prerau in the south, Travní Dvůr, Hrabětice and Šanov in the southwest, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou in the west and Litobratřice in the northwest.

history

The village was laid out at the beginning of the 13th century by German colonists. The first written mention of Fröllersdorf was in 1353 as the property of the Smil von Fröllersdorf ( Smil z Frélichova ). In 1395 Johann von Liechtenstein , who had acquired the Dürnholz estate the previous year , also bought Fröllersdorf and added it to Dürnholz. In the first third of the 15th century, the village fell into desolation during the Bohemian-Hungarian War. The parish Fröllersdorf was first mentioned in 1510 when the village was in a desolate position. In the years 1530 and 1531 Fröllersdorf was repopulated by Croatian refugees. Since the end of the 16th century the pastorate was occupied by Protestants. At the beginning of the 17th century the village consisted of 37 farms. After the Battle of the White Mountain , the parish of Fröllersdorf began to recatholicize, to which the villages of Guttenfeld and Neu Prerau also belonged. Parish registers have been kept since 1686 and are in the Brno State Archives. Land register records exist since 1788. In 1763 Fröllersdorf had 371 inhabitants. Guttenfeld was parceled out in 1790. There is evidence of a school in Fröllersdorf since 1805, teaching was exclusively in German. In 1834 Neu Prerau also got its own pastor. Until the middle of the 19th century, Fröllersdorf was always subject to Dürnholz.

After the abolition of patrimonial Fröllersdorf / Frelešdorf formed from 1850 a community in the district administration of Nikolsburg . Between 1871 and 1872 the built Lundenburg-Mikulov Greeting Bacher Railway Company south of the village, the railway Lundenburg Greeting Bach . A new school building was inaugurated in 1877. At the end of the 19th century, Frelichov and Frelišdorf were used as Czech name forms. After the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918 Frélichov became the official municipality name alongside Fröllersdorf . The German school in Frélichov was closed and a Czech minority school opened. As a result of the Munich Agreement , Fröllersdorf was ceded to the German Reich in 1938 and until 1945 belonged to the political district of Nikolsburg in the Reichsgau Niederdonau .

After the end of the Second World War , the community came back to Czechoslovakia. Before the onset of post-war excesses by militant Czechs, beginning in May 1945, some of the residents fled across the nearby border to Austria or were driven across . There were three civilian deaths. The Beneš decree 115/1946 protected against a legal review of the events. The victorious powers of World War II took on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, to the wild and collectively concrete running expulsion of the German population not position. However, they explicitly called for an orderly and humane transfer of the parts of the German population who remained in Czechoslovakia . Between March 15 and October 3, 1946, 84 Frölersdorfer were forced to resettle . In 1948, after the communists seized power, the Croatians were declared unreliable citizens . Between 1948 and 1950, 342 Croatians were forcibly relocated to the northern part of the Drahaner Bergland . Around 460 re-emigrants from Bulgaria and Yugoslavia were resettled. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

In 1949 the village was named Charvátská and in 1950 it was renamed Jevišovka again. With the abolition of the Okres Mikulov, the community was assigned to the Okres Břeclav in 1960. Jevišovka has had a coat of arms and a banner since 2006.

Since 1991, a day of Croatian culture (Den chorvatské kultury v Jevišovce) has been celebrated in the municipality. In 2008, in the presence of the Croatian Prime Minister Ivo Sanader, the Croatian House (Chorvatský dům) was inaugurated as a museum and library in the former rectory .

Coat of arms and seal

The municipality did not have a coat of arms .

Population development

census Houses Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Croatians
1793 81 490      
1836 122 781      
1869 153 977      
1880 206 1,126 272 0 854
1890 211 1,147 295 63 789
1900 224 1,160 292 53 815
1910 243 1,227 765 36 426
1921 250 1,252 636 57 554
1930 292 1,268 213 108 947
1939   1,261      
Source: 1793, 1836, 1850 from: Frodl, Blaschka: South Moravia from A – Z. 2006
Other: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984

Attractions

  • Church of St. Kunigunde, it was rebuilt in the functionalist style in 1929–1932. The Gothic steeple is a remnant of the original structure.
  • St. Urban niche chapel, on the vineyard
  • Statue of St. John of Nepomuk, at the church
  • Crossroads on the way to Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou
  • Bunkers of the Czechoslovak Wall, one of the bunkers in the direction of Novosedly serves as a museum
  • Croatian house with museum

Lived and worked in Fröllersdorf

  • Friedrich Hausmann (1917–2009), Austrian historian
  • Othmar Ruzicka (1877–1962), adopted home from 1930 until his expulsion in 1945, Austrian portrait and genre painter
  • Josef Löhner (1901–1964) South Moravian landscape supervisor, founder of the Josef Löhner Prize
  • Erwin Zajicek (1890–1976), minister, chairman of the umbrella association of South Moravians in Austria

Literature and Sources

  • Wilhelm Szegeda: Local history reading book of the Nikolsburg school district, 1935, approved teaching aid, teachers' association Pohrlitz Verlag, Fröllersdorf p. 74
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X .
  • Mathias Schalamon: Fröllersdorfer Ortsgeschichte, 1996
  • Alfred Schickel , Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia, Volume 3, 2001, Fröllersdorf pp. 251, 414, 508, 523, 573.
  • Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The district of Nikolsburg from A – Z, 2006, Fröllersdorf p. 82f

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/584525/Jevisovka
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 26, 2011.
  4. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, Book of the Dead p. 216
  5. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, pp. 251 414, 508, 523, 573. ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
  6. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  7. ↑ Archive Mikulov, Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. května 1946

Web links