Friedland (Lower Saxony)

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the Friedland community
Friedland (Lower Saxony)
Map of Germany, position of the municipality Friedland highlighted

Coordinates: 51 ° 25 '  N , 9 ° 55'  E

Basic data
State : Lower Saxony
County : Goettingen
Height : 181 m above sea level NHN
Area : 75.68 km 2
Residents: 13,016 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 172 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 37133
Primaries : 05504, 05509, 05592
License plate : , DUD, HMÜ, OHA
Community key : 03 1 59 013
Community structure: 14 districts
Address of the
municipal administration:
Bönneker Strasse 2
37133 Friedland
Website : www.friedland.de
Mayor : Andreas Friedrichs ( SPD )
Location of the community Friedland in the district of Göttingen
Niedersachsen Staufenberg Hann. Münden Scheden Bühren Niemetal Jühnde Dransfeld Adelebsen Friedland Rosdorf Göttingen Bovenden Gleichen Landolfshausen Seulingen Waake Seeburg Ebergötzen Duderstadt Obernfeld Rollshausen Rüdershausen Rhumspringe Wollershausen Gieboldehausen Wollbrandshausen Bodensee Krebeck Walkenried Bad Sachsa Bad Lauterberg im Harz Herzberg am Harz Herzberg am Harz Herzberg am Harz Hattorf am Harz Hattorf am Harz Wulften am Harz Elbingerode Hörden am Harz Osterode am Harz Bad Grund (Harz) Harz (Landkreis Göttingen) Harz (Landkreis Göttingen) Harz (Landkreis Göttingen) Landkreis Goslar Landkreis Northeim Landkreis Northeim Hessen Thüringen Sachsen-Anhaltmap
About this picture

Friedland is a municipality in the district of Göttingen in the southernmost tip of Lower Saxony near the three- country corner with Hesse and Thuringia . The post-war history of Friedland and its surroundings was shaped by the Friedland camp , a border transit camp initially for displaced Germans. The camp not only made the name of this place world famous, but also helped to double the previous population. The popularity of the place Friedland led to the fact that the name for the new large community from the 14 surrounding villages "Friedland" was proposed and accepted, although the place Groß Schneen was intended and established as the administrative seat.

history

On January 1, 1973, the municipality of Friedland was reorganized through the merger of the previous municipalities of Ballenhausen, Deiderode, Elkershausen, Friedland, Groß Schneen, Klein Schneen, Lichtenhagen, Ludolfshausen, Mollenfelde, Niedergandern, Niedernjesa, Reckershausen, Reiffenhausen and Stockhausen.

politics

Municipal council

The municipal council consists of 24 members and - by virtue of office - the mayor.

Council committees:

  • Finance and Personnel Committee (Chair: Sebastian Bause (CDU))
  • Committee for Construction, Planning, Development, Environment, Nature Conservation and Energy (Chair: Frank Holzapfel (SPD))
  • Committee for School, Youth, Social Affairs, Culture and Sport (Chair: Jürgen Rozeck (SPD))

(Status: local election on September 11, 2016 )

Friedland (Lower Saxony)
Basic data
Legislative period : 01/11/2016 - 31/10/2021
MPs: 24 + mayor
Current legislative period
Chair: Sebastian Bause (CDU)
     
Distribution of seats:
  • SPD 9
  • CDU 7
  • Free voters 4
  • Green 3
  • Pirates 1
  • Municipal election 2016
    Turnout: 67.97% (2006: 62.07%)
     %
    40
    30th
    20th
    10
    0
    37.74%
    31.43%
    15.91%
    12.54%
    2.37%
    Gains and losses
    compared to 2011
     % p
     16
     14th
     12
     10
       8th
       6th
       4th
       2
       0
      -2
      -4
      -6
      -8th
    -7.62  % p
    -4.55  % p
    + 15.91  % p
    -6.12  % p
    + 2.37  % p

    coat of arms

    The dominant symbol of the basically silver-colored coat of arms is the Friedland memorial ( heraldic red) on the Hagenberg (heraldic green). In the green area of ​​the lower half of the coat of arms a four-spoke wheel is arranged in the center (silver).

    The district of the old Friedland office included roughly the area of ​​today's Friedland municipality. This historical fact is symbolized by the four-spoke wheel (symbol of jurisdiction) in the lower half of the coat of arms. For many people, the name Friedland is closely associated with the image of the Friedland memorial on the Hagenberg, which is why it found its way into the coat of arms as a symbol. In addition to heraldic considerations, the choice of color was also influenced by the fact that the rising or setting sun gave the gray concrete pillars of the memorial a reddish hue.

    Community structure

    A total of 14 localities belong to the Friedland community:

    Friedland district

    The district Friedland has 1318 inhabitants with a total size of 4.39 km². The origin of the place is the lordly Friedland Castle (formerly "Fredeland" for "pacify the land"), which was first mentioned in 1285 and destroyed during the Thirty Years' War . It served to secure the border with Thuringia and Hesse and was later integrated into the Göttingen Landwehr . During the 13th century, Count Diedrich von Eberstein was enfeoffed by the Brunswick dukes with the office of Friedland , but Diedrich's alleged “faithlessness” towards Albrecht I was punished with the gallows in front of the former Asseburg in 1252 . The vacated office was then awarded to the city of Göttingen, in whose possession it remained until the Reformation . The council often obtained its grain supplies from the fertile region. Friedland always retained its smallholder structure, although places at an official seat were usually elevated to a patch and had market rights . Friedland probably did not receive either, as the Mariengarten monastery , which was a large business enterprise and place of pilgrimage, was four kilometers away . In 1743, most of the ruins of Friedland Castle were removed and the material obtained was used to build the former office building (the later “castle”, which is now a nursing home), the tithe barn and the official mill in town.

    The place was best known for the Friedland camp as a border transit camp , initially for Germans displaced from their homes from the formerly German eastern regions and the Sudetenland . The camp was built by the British occupying forces on the site of the agricultural research institute of the University of Göttingen , which had been relocated to Friedland , and was put into operation on September 20, 1945.

    The location of Friedland at the border point of the then three occupation zones (Lower Saxony - British, Hesse - American and Thuringia - Soviet) as well as on the important railway line between Hanover and Kassel ( Bebra – Göttingen railway line ) predestined the location for a refugee camp. The Friedland station was the last in the British occupation zone from 1945 to 1949 ( Eichenberg / Hessen: American, Arenshausen / Thuringia: Soviet) and thus the reason for the border transit camp. In the years after the Second World War , hundreds of thousands of returnees from captivity were received in Friedland. In 1955 the last prisoners of war came home from the Soviet Union , colloquially known as the Return of the Ten Thousand . In 1957 the Friedlandhilfe association was founded to help those in their reintegration. To receive the returnees, Friedland sang the hymn Nun thank all God as a chorale . In February 1958 two transports of German specialists arrived with their families from Sukhumi .

    Later, the camp was a transit camp for emigrants from the GDR used today primarily as a camp for repatriates . Since October 2002 (according to other information since 2001) the Friedland camp has been the only initial reception facility for repatriates in Germany. The Federal Office of Administration is responsible for the Friedland transit camp .

    Above the village is the monumental homecoming memorial erected in 1967/68 with its central inscription "Peoples, renounce hatred - be reconciled, serve peace - build bridges to one another". The artistic design of the memorial comes from Hans Wachter .

    Local council election Friedland
    Wbt .: 52.14%
     %
    70
    60
    50
    40
    30th
    20th
    10
    0
    60.21%
    39.79%

    The popularity of the name "Friedland" was decisive for the fact that the community, which was newly formed from 14 villages on January 1, 1973, was named "Friedland".

    There are two kindergartens (run by Protestant and Catholic organizations) and one elementary school (in the catchment area of ​​nine towns). The Friedland elementary school has a role model function, particularly when it comes to promoting talented students. In the Friedland math workshop, both children with dyscalculia and gifted children can understand mathematics very clearly. Children with learning difficulties are also optimally supported (each class has fewer than 20 students). From August 2008 the Friedland elementary school will be run as an open all-day elementary school. (Focus: music / drama / dance, sport, technology / science / mathematics, nutrition and exercise, art)

    Local council

    In addition to the local council, which is responsible for all districts of the Friedland community, there is only a local council for the district of the same name. It is composed of seven councilors and councilors. Four of them belong to the CDU and three to the SPD .

    (Status: local election on September 11, 2016 )

    Groß Schneen district

    Court oak in Groß Schneen

    Population: 1792, total size: 11.14 km²

    As found in the Neolithic Age , Groß Schneen is one of the oldest settlements in the Leinetal . Groß Schneen was first mentioned in a document in 1022. At that time it appeared in the documents of the foundation of the St. Michaelskloster in Hildesheim as sons . Later names call the place Ostersneen , major Snen or Grotensneyn .

    The current village once consisted of two parts, each with its own church. Until recently the upper, smaller part of the village was called "the upper village". The landmark of Groß Schneen is the thousand-year-old oak on the Mühlenberg. In the Middle Ages, this was the court of justice for the Friedland Office. The cone-shaped, 247 m high single mountain in the south and the Mühlenberg in the northwest, whose foothills reach right up to the Leine, influence the topography of the place. Another landmark is the St. Michaelis Church, in one of its first mentions in 1290 it functions as inferioris Ecclesie . In 1623 it fell victim to a fire and was rebuilt in 1705.

    Due to its location in a shallow depression above the Leine and its large fertile field marrow, the place was able to give many people work and bread in the past. Today the village benefits above all from its favorable location to the regional center of Göttingen . Several residential and commercial areas have been developed over the past few years.

    Groß Schneen has developed into the basic center of the Friedland community, in which all essential infrastructure facilities are provided: a kindergarten, a day care center, a high school with a high school offer as well as supply facilities for daily needs and health care. Groß Schneen is the seat of the administration of the municipality Friedland, in the place there is also a police station of the police station Göttingen. A multi-generation house was inaugurated on December 6, 2007. There is also a day nursery there . The "Einzelberg" elementary school, which previously existed north of the high school, was closed because the high school required more rooms; Since the beginning of the 2017/18 school year, the Friedland community has only had one primary school in Friedland, which was expanded accordingly on the occasion of the merger.

    Local council election
    Groß Schneen
    Wbt .: 70.81%
     %
    70
    60
    50
    40
    30th
    20th
    10
    0
    69.5%
    30.5%

    Groß Schneen has a lively club and cultural life. Every year on the 2nd weekend in September, the Groß Schneer Kirmes or - as the locals affectionately call it in Low German - Use Kermesse takes place as a folk festival . This commemorates the consecration of St. Michaelis Church  in Groß Schneen in 1705 after the previous building, like the entire village, was destroyed during the Thirty Years' War in 1623.

    Local council

    The local council consists of six councilors.

    (Status: local election on September 11, 2016 )

    Klein Schneen district

    Population: 593, total size: 5.95 km²

    Klein Schneen was first mentioned in a document in 1036. The foothills of the 283 m high Drammberg in the north-west and those of the 276 m high Eichen- or Lohberg in the south-west form the natural boundaries of the Klein Schneens settlement area. Like Groß Schneen, Klein Schneen is one of the oldest settlements in the Göttingen area, as evidenced by Neolithic settlement finds on the southern edge of the village.

    The townscape is characterized by a small and winding network of streets and paths as well as the stately manor with its manor walls and the large stable buildings, some of which have interesting round roofs. The nearby church is idyllically located in the middle of small streets lined with half-timbered buildings.

    There are several gravel ponds to the southeast of the village. While some of these ponds are already "exploited" and can therefore be used by associations, the largest gravel pond ( Kiessee Klein Schneen ) is still operated as a supply pit . The mining rights are held by a company that, according to press reports in August 2014, has not been mining gravel there for years. While bathing is officially prohibited according to press reports, the lake is listed and described in detail by divers on internet portals. Diving is also supported by the company.

    Local council

    The local council consists of five councilors and councilors. All of them belong to the Klein Schneen voter community.

    (As of: local election on September 11, 2011 )

    Lichtenhagen district

    Coat of arms of Lichtenhagen
    Extinguishing water pond in Lichtenhagen
    Church in Lichtenhagen

    Population: 118, total size: 2.04 km²

    Lichtenhagen, mentioned for the first time in 1318, is one of the three highest villages in the district. Other traditions show that the village in the Middle Ages, when the Lords of Bultzingslowen the archbishop of Mainz the village to the feud got it for a while without form must have been lying. At that time they exercised the upper and lower jurisdiction. Resettlement took place after 1540.

    Although not shown on every map, Lichtenhagen is still relatively easy to find. It is only a few kilometers from the so-called triangle of Lower Saxony-Hesse-Thuringia on the former inner-German border and was the residence of customs officers and police officers of the Federal Border Guard and their families until it opened .

    The east-west traffic rolling about 2 km south on the A 38 occurs in the place due to its geographically wooded (Staatsforst Reinhausen, Hüttenholz) and mountainous surroundings and because the motorway here runs over 1.7 km through the Heidkopftunnel ("Tunnel der German Unity ”) is not noticeable. The area is suitable for hikes and walks.

    Lichtenhagen is an anger village with a remarkably triangular shape, with all residential buildings facing the anger at the gable; the central, single church, which is reflected in the nearby extinguishing water pond , offers a picturesque sight. There are only a few new buildings from the last 50 years, but residential and ancillary buildings on the former farmsteads.

    Local council

    The local council consists of five councilors and councilors. They all belong to the Lichtenhagen community of voters.

    (As of: local election on September 11, 2011 )

    Reiffenhausen district

    Population: 606, total size: 9.31 km²

    Reiffenhausen is located in a large valley open to the southwest, surrounded by wooded slopes and fields. The Reiffenhausen copper ax bears witness to its prehistoric traces . The place was first mentioned in 1118 in the property lists of the Reinhausen monastery as Ripenhusen . Nearly a century later, in 1244, the town was called again when the Vitztum Heidenreich on the Rusteberg the monastery Hilwartshausen the tithes in Ripenhusen gave. It formed a kind of dowry as his daughter had recently entered the monastery. Another proof of ownership becomes tangible in 1318, when Erp von Bodenhausen owned an annual tithe of the place. During the late medieval desert period , large parts of the arable land around the neighboring villages, such as Etzenborn and Ludolfshausen , lay fallow. A hoof in front of the Fritzeberge near Ludolfshausen was still managed by Reiffenhausen in 1477, but the rest of the field was used as pasture for cattle. When the population increased at the beginning of the 16th century and agriculture experienced a boost again, the Reiffenhäusener began to clear the fallow land, first in their own corridor and later on the Fritzeberge. However, the clearing on the Fritzeberge soon caused a dispute among the residents, as the same land was claimed by the Hansteiners , who have always given their landlord the interest for the district. The dispute was settled in 1555, the Reiffenhäusener had to give up clearing the land on the Fritzeberge. The townscape is characterized by old, renovated half-timbered houses and by square-like street extensions along the Bachstrasse and along the Schleierbach stream that flows through the town. The tree-lined Thie, surrounded by a sandstone wall, and the church with the Luther memorial stone in front of it, rectory and kindergarten form further focal points of the town center.

    On the upper reaches of the Schleierbach there are imposing sandstone cliffs in the immediate vicinity of the campsite in an extensive forest area with marked hiking trails. The forest swimming pool on this side of the village was completely renovated and expanded in 2008. Like the nearby sports facilities (gym, soccer field and tennis court) it is operated by TSV Reiffenhausen. The village community center has a library , hot iron , sauna , cider factory and a local museum .

    In 2010 the heating network of Bioenergiedorf Reiffenhausen eG, organized by the citizens of Reiffenhausen, was completed, through which around half of the houses in the town are supplied with waste heat from a biogas plant. The citizens of Reiffenhausen secure the continued existence of the village shop through a money investment system. The use of wood in the forests belonging to Reiffenhausen is organized by the Realgemeinde through lawyers (see also wood lawyers ).

    Local council The local council is made up of five members who have run the joint list "Voting Community Reiffenhausen".

    sons and daughters of the town

    Attractions

    Natural monuments

    • Court oak in Groß Schneen with a chest height of 7.82 m (2014).

    Honors

    (At least) two settlements in North Rhine-Westphalia were named after Friedland , in Rhede and in the Clarholz district of the Herzebrock-Clarholz community . In Clarholz, 400 ethnic German repatriates , mainly from present-day Poland, were settled in a new building area with 134 apartments in the 1970s , which at the time made up 10 percent of the district's population.

    literature

    • Josef Reding: Friedland - Chronicle of the great homecoming . Paulus, Recklinghausen 1956.

    Web links

    Commons : Friedland  - collection of images, videos and audio files

    Individual evidence

    1. State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
    2. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 208 .
    3. Wahlen.kdgoe.de
    4. Georg Heinrich Klippel: Göttingen and its surroundings. A paperback especially for students and travelers . Ed .: Heinrich Veldeck. tape 2 . Rosenbusch, Göttingen 1824, p. 155 .
    5. Wahlen.kdgoe.de
    6. ^ Hector Wilhelm Heinrich Mithoff: Art monuments and antiquities in Hanover . Second volume: Principality of Göttingen and Grubenhagen: together with the Hanoverian part of the Harz Mountains and the County of Hohnstein . Helwing, Hannover 1873, p. 90 .
    7. ^ Friedland primary school. Retrieved August 29, 2018 .
    8. Wahlen.kdgoe.de
    9. ^ August Oppermann GmbH : "Gravel, sand and limestone from the Göttingen region"
    10. Bathing lake in Klein Schneen in the distance. In: Göttinger Tageblatt. 23rd August 2014.
    11. August Oppermann GmbH September 30, 2012 : "What lives in the lake?"
    12. wahlen.kds.de
    13. ^ Franziskus Lubecus, Reinhard Vogelsang (Ed.): Göttinger Annalen. From the beginnings to the year 1588 (= sources on the history of the city of Göttingen, Volume 1), Wallstein Verlag, 1994, ISBN 3-89244-088-3 , p. 84.
    14. wahlen.kds.de
    15. Otto Fahlbusch: The district of Göttingen in its historical, legal and economic development . Heinz Reise-Verlag, Göttingen 1960, p. 198 .
    16. ^ Entry in the directory of monumental oaks . Retrieved January 10, 2017
    17. Heimatbrief No. 243 of the Heimatverein Südlohn 2016, page 7
    18. ^ The bell 11/28/2005: Annual meeting of the BdV. "If you don't know the past, you can't shape the future," quoted in Hiergeblieben.de