Hans Filbinger

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Hans Filbinger (1978)

Hans Karl Filbinger (born September 15, 1913 in Mannheim , † April 1, 2007 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a German politician ( CDU ). From 1966 to 1978 he was Prime Minister of Baden-Württemberg , from 1971 to 1979 also state chairman, from 1973 to 1979 also one of the deputy federal chairmen of the CDU. As Prime Minister, the Catholic lawyer achieved the abolition of the denominational school , a comprehensive administrative reform and absolute CDU majorities in his state.

In 1978, as a result of his injunction against the playwright Rolf Hochhuth , four death sentences gradually became known, which Filbinger, then a member of the NSDAP , had applied for or passed as a naval judge in 1943 and 1945. As a result of his reactions to the discoveries, Filbinger lost the support of the public and his party and finally resigned as Prime Minister on August 7, 1978. In 1979 he founded the right-wing conservative study center Weikersheim , which he headed until 1997. Until his death, he tried to rehabilitate.

Parents and youth

Filbinger's father, Johannes Filbinger, came from Kemnath in Upper Palatinate and was a bank employee at the Rheinische Kreditbank in Mannheim. His mother Luise Filbinger, née Schnurr, came from Sasbach in Baden . When the father was drafted into the First World War , the family moved to the grandparents' farm in Sasbach. Hans Filbinger spent his pre-school days there. In 1918 the mother died. The community of Sasbach, which Filbinger saw as his actual home, made him an honorary citizen in 1968.

From 1924 Filbinger attended the Badische Realgymnasium I in Mannheim. Strongly Catholic through his parents' home, he joined the Catholic Bund New Germany (ND) as a student in 1928 . There he rose to head of the Mannheim Gaus " Langemarck " in the North Baden district of the ND. In 1933 he graduated from high school in Mannheim.

time of the nationalsocialism

After the seizure of power of the Nazis Filbinger called a "Gaubrief" in April 1933 his fraternity brothers to continue to "anti-Christian and popular foreign forces' strength of character over to show and the" service to the fatherland "and to practice according to their conscience. At the same time, he warned against unwise, unnecessary and premature criticism, especially against the new authorities, even if they should misjudge the covenant.

In the summer semester of 1933 Filbinger began to study law and economics at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , interrupted in 1934/35 by two semesters at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich . The studienstiftung chose him, according to the written statement of his friend Max Muller , then head of the local branch of the Academic Foundation in Freiburg, not of scholars, because he is "very religious one and sectarian ideological horizon" have had. In 1937 he passed the first state examination in law at the Karlsruhe Higher Regional Court , began his legal clerkship and received his doctorate in 1939 with the grade magna cum laude from Hans Großmann-Doerth in Freiburg on the subject of the barriers to majority rule in company and corporate law . Then he first became an assistant, then a lecturer at the Law Faculty of the University of Freiburg. In 1940 he passed the second state examination in law.

Filbinger was from 1933 to 1936 a member of the National Socialist German Student Union (NSDStB) and the military sports association of the Freiburg University, which was transferred to the SA in 1934 . There he paid his contributions until 1937, but was released from active service. With the gradual loosening of the ban on new members , he was admitted to the NSDAP in May 1937 ( membership number 4.026.789) and was a member until 1945. From 1937 to 1945 he was also a member of the Nazi legal guardian association . In all memberships he remained without rank or function. He also belonged to the Freiburg circle around Karl Färber .

In 1946, Filbinger declared these memberships in his denazification process by stating that due to the lack of financial support from his parents, he had to rely on scholarships that only lawyers who were considered “politically reliable” would have received. In the justification for the revision of his denazification proceedings in February and April 1949, he said that he had not received a membership card and had only paid membership fees until the beginning of 1939. According to the Federal Archives, his application for membership from the Unterwiehre local group in Baden was dated May 20, 1937. It is noted on the membership card that Filbinger had meanwhile moved to Paris. In fact, Filbinger was in Paris in 1938/39, when the Baden Ministry of Justice forbade him to accept a position at the Chambre de Commerce Allemande (translated " German Chamber of Commerce ").

In 1940 Filbinger volunteered for the Navy and was drafted on August 30, 1940. He completed an officer training course and in 1943 was senior ensign at sea . On March 21, 1943 he was released from service for his future work as a naval judge. From April 1943 he was " auxiliary naval war judge", initially at the court of the commander in charge of securing the North Sea , branch in Cuxhaven . From May to August 1943 he served at the court of the Coast Commander in Chief German Bight and the 2nd Admiral of the Baltic Sea Station, Westerland branch . From August 1943 to November 1944 he served in the court of the Admiral of the Norwegian Arctic Coast, branch Kirkenes ; his name is missing in the court files obtained from it. According to his own account, he left this court on October 25, 1944, because the German front had been moved back after Finland had been evacuated. In November and December 1944 he worked in Tromsø at the court of the Admiral of the Norwegian Arctic Coast, from January 1945 until the end of the war at the court of the commandant of the Oslofjord naval defense in Oslo . There he came into British captivity at the end of the war . The British continued to use him at his previous court until February 1946, as they largely left German military jurisdiction for German prisoners of war.

Filbinger was involved in at least 234 naval criminal proceedings, 169 times as presiding judge and 63 times as prosecutor, according to the criminal proceedings lists received. Four cases concerned the death penalty , which Filbinger had applied for or committed twice. These cases were only uncovered in 1978 and discussed publicly in the course of the Filbinger affair .

Promotion in the state CDU

After his release from captivity, Filbinger initially worked as a lawyer in Freiburg. In 1950 he married Ingeborg Breuer (1921–2008). From this marriage there were four daughters and one son. His wife died in 2008. His daughter Susanna is a management consultant. His son Matthias is a management consultant in Stuttgart and a member of the Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen party .

1951 Filbinger joined the CDU. In 1953 he became a city ​​councilor in Freiburg. In 1958, Prime Minister Gebhard Müller appointed him for the first time as a member of the state government. As a State Councilor, he was primarily supposed to look after the interests of southern Baden . In 1960 he was elected to the state parliament of Baden-Wuerttemberg for the constituency of Freiburg-Stadt and Minister of the Interior of his state in the Kiesinger II cabinet . He was a member of the state parliament until 1980, from 1976 for the constituency of Freiburg I. In 1966 he became chairman of the CDU regional association in South Baden ( Baden Christian Social People's Party ).

Prime Minister

When Kurt Georg Kiesinger had become Federal Chancellor , Filbinger was elected as the new chairman of the CDU parliamentary group on December 5, 1966. His defeated opponent was the then Minister of Education, Wilhelm Hahn . On December 16, 1966, Filbinger was elected Prime Minister of Baden-Württemberg. The FDP of Baden-Württemberg was striving for a social-liberal coalition at the time, but Filbinger got ahead of it and formed a grand coalition with the SPD based on the Bonn model ( Filbinger I cabinet ).

School and education policy

In the coalition negotiations, the SPD had the abolition of the administrative district of South Württemberg-Hohenzollern remaining in the state constitution since Reichskonkordat guaranteed 1,933 faith schools requested and the denominational teacher training at colleges of education, the more a educational reform easier. Filbinger implemented these steps after years of conflicts with dioceses and parents' representatives in his country by facilitating the establishment of private Christian community schools and promising their generous support.

He was an opponent of the comprehensive school and instead promoted the expansion of secondary schools, secondary schools and grammar schools. He allowed independent teacher training colleges, professional academies and technical colleges.

Critics accused Filbinger of having closed the renowned Ulm School of Design for political reasons. In 1967 the federal grants for the university ceased to apply. In February 1968, the Geschwister-Scholl-Stiftung dissolved itself and advocated joining the university with the Ulm engineering school, which was founded in 1960 . The cabinet then decided to merge the two educational institutions. The state parliament rejected the corresponding application, but made further financial support dependent on a reorganization of the situation in Ulm by December 1, 1968. Since, in the opinion of the majority of the state parliament, no reorganization had taken place, the funding was discontinued at the session of December 5, 1968 at a renewed request by the cabinet, which in 1968 led to the closure. Filbinger had demanded this with the words: "We want to do something new, and this requires the liquidation of the old!"

In order to enable the remaining students to graduate, the Institute for Environmental Planning Ulm at the University of Stuttgart was founded. The Ulm Medical and Natural Science University was founded in Ulm in February 1967 and renamed Ulm University on July 4, 1967 . The Ulm School of Engineering was classified as a technical college in 1971.

Administrative reforms

After the state elections in 1968, Filbinger continued the coalition with the SPD ( Filbinger II cabinet ). He advocated the complete integration of the former Grand Duchy of Baden and the former Hohenzollern Lands into the new federal state . In 1970, a referendum ordered by the Federal Constitutional Court in 1956 confirmed this integration. In 1971 Filbinger was able to unite the four previously independent state associations of the CDU to form the new state association of Baden-Württemberg. Then the united state CDU elected him on January 15 and 16, 1971 as its chairman. With 45,000 members at the time, it was the third largest CDU regional association.

Filbinger's government under Interior Minister Walter Krause carried out two administrative reforms from 1971 to 1975. With the regional reform in Baden-Württemberg , the number of independent municipalities was reduced by two thirds to 1,111, the rural districts from 63 to 35 and nine urban districts in twelve regional associations. Some new counties crossed the borders of earlier parts of the country, which later bolstered support for Filbinger's government after considerable initial protests.

With the district reform of Baden-Württemberg in 1973 , the districts were reorganized. The mergers of Landesbanken, radio stations and energy suppliers planned under Filbinger's leadership came about later due to local resistance. The remodeling of the Badenwerk remained unfinished.

Hans Filbinger (left) 1973 with Gerhard Stoltenberg , Kurt Georg Kiesinger and Ludwig Erhard in Hamburg at the CDU federal party conference

Federal political positions

In the federal CDU, Filbinger represented the right wing of the party as one of the deputy federal chairmen with Alfred Dregger . In Baden-Württemberg, he had a more stringent version of the radical decree introduced nationwide in 1972 apply: There all applicants for the public service - around 10,000 annually - were checked and all members of parties and groups classified as left or right-wing extremists were excluded from civil service. He tried to enforce this through the Bundesrat as federal law.

As an opponent of Ostpolitik under Federal Chancellor Willy Brandt , he rejected the basic treaty with the GDR and the agreement on the recognition of the Oder-Neisse border with Poland . In the state election on April 23, 1972, he led an election campaign against the Eastern Treaties of the SPD-led federal government. The CDU won an absolute majority for the first time with 52.9 percent of the vote ( Filbinger III cabinet ). This is attributed to the social-liberal coalition in Bonn: This caused losses from the state FDP to the state CDU. The NPD , which in 1968 still benefited from the protest against the grand coalition with 9.8 percent of the vote, lost to the CDU, especially since this time it had not put up any candidates of its own.

Through the Federal Council, he continued his fight against reform proposals to § 218 , which contained a time limit solution . The majority of the CDU-CSU-led countries prevented the majority of the CDU-CSU-led countries from adopting the relevant draft laws. In June 1975 Filbinger announced a draft law of his state government on § 218, which recognized an emergency indication of the doctor in order to avert a foreseeable unreasonable burden for pregnant women. He wanted to introduce this draft to the Bundestag via the Bundesrat, if the CDU parliamentary group could not agree on a similar draft. After criticism from his own party and the churches, he withdrew the project in August 1976 before the then upcoming state elections. In 1973, after the fall of Salvador Allende , his state government refused political asylum to refugees from Chile , including six former members of the government .

Filbinger was President of the Federal Council from November 1, 1973 to October 31, 1974 .

In 1974 Filbinger was named alongside Richard von Weizsäcker and in 1979 alongside Karl Carstens as a possible candidate of the CDU / CSU for the next election of the Federal President.

Wyhl nuclear power plant

Around 1975 Filbinger's government planned to build a further 13 nuclear power plants in addition to the existing ones, five of them in the Rhine Valley between Mannheim and Basel. France wanted to build six more nuclear power plants on the left side of the Upper Rhine. These power plants were supposed to be the preliminary stage for an industrial axis Karlsruhe-Basel. The resistance to these plans gave rise to a new social movement which was directed against industrial society and saw its priorities in environmental protection and alternative forms of life. At the construction site of the nuclear power plant Wyhl who took anti-nuclear movement in Germany began.

In Germany, a total of 21 local citizens' groups that worked with Alsatian groups formed against the building plan. In September 1974 they occupied the construction site for a bleaching chemical plant in Marckolsheim , and on February 18, 1975 the construction site in Wyhl. Filbinger had the building site evacuated by a large police force and ordered another evacuation "by all means", which he withdrew after church intervention, so that the building site remained occupied for nine months.

In his government statement of February 27, 1975, Filbinger claimed: "Without the Wyhl nuclear power plant, the first lights will go out in Baden-Württemberg at the end of the decade." He also justified previous police operations by stating that the state would become "ungovernable" if it went to school "That in every major project any ideological or other interested party opposed it with direct or indirect violence". After the award-winning critical report of the ARD "On site: Wyhl", in which protesters were quoted without comment, he demanded that all ARD reports should be "balanced". In addition, he successfully requested a "reparation broadcast" on the subject from Südwestfunk, in which he and other representatives of nuclear energy had their say.

Filbinger's successor Lothar Späth gave up the project as politically unenforceable.

State politics after re-election

In the state elections in Baden-Württemberg in 1976 , Filbinger achieved the highest CDU election success in the Federal Republic to date ( Filbinger IV cabinet ) with the campaign slogan “ Freedom instead of socialism ” with 56.7 percent . Then he was re-elected as state chairman with 91.5 percent.

For the 25th anniversary of the unification of Baden and Württemberg, the state government under the leadership of Filbinger designed the Staufer exhibition as the first state exhibition in Baden-Württemberg . It should also culturally express the political and economic stability and the achievements of the country. The success of the united "model country" was attributed to Filbinger at many ceremonial acts. As the “father of the country” he was popular across regional and party lines and after winning the election last year at the height of his popularity.

The " German Autumn " affected Baden-Württemberg as the scene of carried out and unsuccessful attacks, the central trial, the night of death in Stammheim and the family and regional ties of many RAF representatives. After the Schleyer kidnapping, Filbinger was part of the federal government's large crisis team . As later became known, the RAF briefly considered kidnapping Filbinger instead of Hanns Martin Schleyer .

With reference to Günter Rohrmoser and Heinrich Basilius Streithofen , Filbinger repeatedly made critical theory responsible for the RAF terror as a spiritual pathway. The University Act passed in 1977, which, among other things, abolished the student body , stood in this context .

In 1977 Filbinger commissioned the singer Heino to record the Deutschlandlied for pupils and wanted his record to be distributed to schools in the country. This project met with much criticism when in the spring of 1978, at a public meeting between Filbinger and Heino, it became known that Heino had recorded the song with all three stanzas including the controversial first stanza.

The Filbinger affair

In February 1978, Rolf Hochhuth accused Filbinger of the time that he had only escaped punishment by avoiding punishment for having “ persecuted a German sailor with Nazi laws” as “ Hitler's naval judge” after the end of the war, and called him a “ terrible lawyer ". That seaman had portrayed Filbinger in the magazine Der Spiegel in 1972 as a supporter of Hitler. Filbinger had successfully sued for an omission. In response to Filbinger's renewed complaint, Hochhuth withdrew the allegation that he had prevented punishment; Filbinger's designation as a “terrible lawyer” was allowed as freedom of expression .

During and after this trial, four death sentences in which Filbinger was involved were discovered in court files from the Nazi era. In the first case, that of the sailor Walter Gröger , he had applied for a death sentence as the prosecutor and had this confirmed and carried out. In two cases he had convicted deserters who had fled as a judge in absentia. In the fourth case, he had applied for a death sentence, which was commuted to a camp prison sentence, during which the convict died. In two other cases, for which no files were found, according to the persons concerned, he is said to have prevented their execution by delaying their proceedings.

After the first find, Filbinger initially denied his involvement in other death sentences. After further discoveries, he stated that he had forgotten these cases. He defended his motions for judgments and judgments as formally lawful and bound by instructions. He wanted his interview sentence “What was right then cannot be wrong today” to refer to German military criminal law introduced before 1933; However, the sentence was understood as an expression of his lack of awareness of wrongdoing and a legal positivism with which he justified judicial murders of the Nazi era even after more than 30 years . As a result, he lost the support of the public and his party. He then resigned as prime minister on August 7, 1978. His resignation led to discussions in the federal CDU about the right course for the opposition and a drop in approval. Lothar Späth was elected to his successor on August 30, 1978 and won the following state elections.

Filbinger then tried to get his public rehabilitation until his death. In his autobiography, published in 1987, he described himself as a representative of a "reviled" generation. In the third edition (October 1993) he tried to suggest that the Ministry for State Security of the GDR had forged the files that had become known about his participation in death sentences and launched them in the Federal Republic. That is why his behavior as a marine judge remained in the historical debate and stimulated research that demonstrated the scope for action of Nazi military judges to avoid death sentences. The affair also accelerated the legal rehabilitation of victims of Nazi military justice .

Late period

Hans Filbinger (December 2006)

Weikersheim Study Center and Hans Filbinger Foundation

In 1979, on Filbinger's initiative, the Weikersheim Study Center was founded, which he headed until 1997 and of which he remained honorary president until his death. There he was committed to an “intellectual-political initiative” and the “ intellectual-moral turn ” announced by Helmut Kohl in the 1980 Bundestag election campaign . This was directed against the social democratization and cultural liberalization initiated by the student movement in the 1960s and was intended to strengthen national conservatism in the CDU. Under Filbinger's chairmanship, Albrecht Jebens was managing director from 1982 to 1997, then Weikersheim's vice-president. He published the historical revisionist magazine " Germany in History and Present " and was responsible for inviting right-wing extremists to lectures in Weikersheim. He was only dismissed from Weikersheim's board of directors after Filbinger's death in 2007.

On his 80th birthday on September 15, 1993, around 100 members of the Weikersheim Study Center, including Gerhard Mayer-Vorfelder , Gerhard Löwenthal and Paul Carell , founded the "Hans Filbinger Foundation for the promotion of Christian, patriotic and humanistic ideas in science, business and art and politics ”. It is intended to promote Christian and patriotic positions in all areas of society in Germany and to provide funds for this purpose. They are used to finance lectures, conferences and training weeks in Weikersheim.

Further arguments about his person

On September 15, 2003, his 90th birthday, Filbinger canceled a reception in Freiburg, his long-term residence, after the mayor of Freiburg, Dieter Salomon, withdrew his consent to attend. The following day he received around 130 invited guests in the Ludwigsburg residential palace , including almost the entire CDU / FDP cabinet and the Minister-Presidents of Baden-Württemberg who followed him. The representatives of the SPD and Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen stayed away in protest. Walter Gröger's sisters protested against honoring the “murderer of our brother”. At a protest demonstration in front of the castle, the military historian Wolfram Wette declared that Filbinger had become the “stimulus figure” of his political opponents since the mid-1970s, who in him embodied the “ authoritarian character ” and the associated “ law and order policy ”. seen. Since 1978 he had consciously taken on the role of advocate and spokesman for those involved in the war, who found nothing wrong with their behavior during the Nazi era.

On October 11, 2003, Filbinger gave a speech to the Association of Expellees in Karlsruhe on the subject of “ Completing Europe with human rights ”. All opposition parties in the Baden-Württemberg state parliament, the DGB, youth associations and university groups called for a counter-demonstration.

On March 31, 2004, Filbinger was elected elector for the Federal Assembly for the 2004 federal presidential election, when the state parliament of Baden-Württemberg unanimously voted for the joint list of proposals from all parliamentary groups. He was elected for the seventh time (after 1959, 1969, 1974, 1979, 1994, 1999). The federal SPD, members of the Bundestag of the Greens and the PDS distanced themselves from this voting behavior and recalled Filbinger's controversial past. The writers' association PEN Germany and the Central Council of Jews in Germany also criticized Filbinger's choice. The Forum Justizgeschichte pointed out that this nomination took away the position of elder from the 89-year-old Hans Lauter , who was sentenced to ten years in prison by the People's Court in 1936 for resisting the Nazi regime.

Memberships and honors

Filbinger belonged to the " Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem ". From November 1979 on, he worked as Vice President of the German section and Baden-Württemberg state chairman of the Paneuropean Union and supported the Brüsewitz Center initiated by Paneuropean members .

He received the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany such as the Great Cross of Merit with a Star on the Shoulder Ribbon (1967) and in 1970 the Grand Cross , the Grand Cross of the Republic of Italy , in Spain the Grand Cross from the Orden de Isabel la Católica for services to art and science, the Order of the Cross of South of Brazil for services to international relations and the Order of the Republic (1st Class) of Egypt.

He was the scientific 1969 honorary doctorate from the University of Ulm , 1977, the legal honorary doctorate from Oglethorpe University, Georgia, on September 15, 1978, the Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg and in 1983 an honorary awarded for the 70th birthday of the title of professor by the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg.

In 1979 he was appointed honorary chairman of the CDU regional association of Baden-Württemberg.

Filbinger was dedicated a total of three festschrifts by his colleagues and friends. The first two under the title Hans Filbinger. A man in our time on his 70th birthday and Germany as a cultural state on his 80th birthday were published by Lothar Bossle . The third was published under the title Hans Filbinger - From nine decades on his 90th birthday.

Death and appreciation

Grave of Hans and Ingeborg Filbinger in Freiburg-Günterstal

Filbinger died on April 1, 2007 at the age of 93. He was buried in the cemetery at the Liebfrauenkirche in Freiburg- Günterstal . On April 11, 2007, a state ceremony took place in Freiburg Cathedral . The Prime Minister of Baden-Württemberg, Günther Oettinger , gave a funeral speech designed by the speechwriter Michael Grimminger , in which he said: “Hans Filbinger was not a National Socialist. On the contrary: he was an opponent of the Nazi regime. However, he was just as unable to escape the constraints of the regime as millions of others. ”These and other statements in the speech met with strong criticism. Filbinger's role in the Nazi era was examined again. The military historian Manfred Messerschmidt claimed that Filbinger was responsible for at least one avoidable execution in the Gröger case. The historian Paul Nolte accused Oettinger of falsifying history .

After Chancellor Angela Merkel publicly missed Oettinger's response to “the critical questions” about Filbinger's behavior during the Nazi era and “a differentiation with regard to the victims' feelings” on April 15, Oettinger apologized to the victims on April 15 the Nazi judiciary and withdrew the sentence about Filbinger's "opposition" on April 16.

The retired Berlin cathedral capitular Wolfgang Knauft wanted to commemorate Filbinger's role in the case of pastor Karl Heinz Möbius , whose execution Filbinger is said to have prevented, on April 17, 2007 on his own initiative at a mass in St. Hedwig's Cathedral . Cardinal Georg Sterzinsky forbade this the day before after many protests, including by Catholics.

In 2009, Filbinger's daughter Susanna Filbinger-Riggert found his diaries, which consisted of around 60 DIN A5 ring binders , when she broke up her parents' household . She concluded from reading that her father was not an opponent of National Socialism, but had "let himself be instrumentalized for the functioning of the Wehrmacht system". She published a book about it in 2013. The diaries are in the archive of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation .

Fonts

  • Decision to freedom. A selection. Seewald, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-512-00437-7 .
  • with Eugen Biser and Lothar Bossle : The media - the last taboo of the open society. The effect of the media on politics and culture. v. Hase & Koehler, Mainz 1986, ISBN 3-7758-1135-4 .
  • The reviled generation. Political memories. The truth from the Stasi files. 3rd edition, Bechtle, Esslingen et al. 1994, ISBN 3-7628-0523-7 (autobiography)

literature

  • Wolfram Wette (Ed.): Filbinger, a German career. zu Klampen, Springer 2006, ISBN 3-934920-74-8 .
  • State Ministry of Baden-Württemberg (Hrsg.): Filbinger caricatures. The father of the country impaled with a sharp pen. Malsch & Vogel, Karlsruhe 1973
  • Susanna Filbinger-Riggert, Liane Dirks : Not a blank sheet: a father-daughter biography . Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2013, ISBN 978-3-593-39803-7 .
  • further literature in the article Filbinger Affair

Web links

Commons : Hans Filbinger  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Hans Filbinger  - Quotes

Reviews and obituaries

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Lothar Bossle (Ed.): Hans Filbinger. A man in our time. Universitas, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-8004-1052-4 ; Fred Ludwig Sepaintner (Ed.): Hans Filbinger - from nine decades. DRW / Braun, Leinfelden-Echterdingen / Karlsruhe 2003, ISBN 3-87181-536-5
  2. ↑ hans-filbinger.de: 10th Gaubrief. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011 ; Retrieved November 29, 2012 .
  3. ^ Hugo Ott: Hans Filbinger 1933-1940. Studies and legal clerkship under the conditions of the Third Reich. In: Heinz Hürten, Wolfgang Jäger, Hugo Ott: Hans Filbinger - The case and the facts , 1980, p. 15f. Filbinger's files at the Studienstiftung do not exist, see: Rolf-Ulrich Kunze, Manfred Heinemann (2001): The Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes since 1925: on the history of the promotion of gifted children in Germany , p. 318
  4. ^ Hugo Ott: Hans Filbinger 1933-1940. Studies and legal clerkship under the conditions of the Third Reich. In: Heinz Hürten, Wolfgang Jäger, Hugo Ott: Hans Filbinger - The case and the facts , 1980, p. 18 f.
  5. ^ Rheinische Post, April 17, 2007: Party files surfaced: Filbinger was a member of the NSDAP until the end of the war
  6. ^ Hugo Ott: Hans Filbinger 1933-1940. Studies and legal clerkship under the conditions of the Third Reich. In: Heinz Hürten, Wolfgang Jäger, Hugo Ott: Hans Filbinger - The case and the facts , 1980, p. 39
  7. ^ Ricarda Berthold: Filbinger's activity as a naval judge in World War II. In: Wolfram Wette (Ed.): Filbinger - a German career , 2006, p. 43
  8. ^ Filbinger applied for the death penalty . In: Der Spiegel . No.  19 , 1978, p. 4 ( Online - May 8, 1978 ). Filbinger: The convict didn't explain anything. Rolf Hochhuth on the death sentence against the marine soldier Walter Gröger . In: Der Spiegel . No.  19 , 1978, p. 140-144 ( Online - May 8, 1978 ). What was right ... Christian Democrats see Filbinger's chances of becoming Federal President dwindling. Social Democrats criticize his "pathologically good conscience" . In: Der Spiegel . No.  20 , 1978, p. 23-27 ( Online - May 15, 1978 ). Filbinger's sham halo. Press reviews on the affair of the Stuttgart head of government . In: Der Spiegel . No.  22 , 1978, p. 52 ( Online - May 29, 1978 ). Filbinger files from the GDR ... Rolf Hochhuth comments on the allegations that Filbinger lawyer Josef Augstein brought before the Stuttgart Regional Court on June 13th that the writer had obtained his material against the Prime Minister and former naval judge from the GDR . In: Der Spiegel . No.  25 , 1978, pp. 18 ( online - 19 June 1978 ). Rudolf Augstein: Filbinger's case . In: Der Spiegel . No. 29 , 1978, p. 27 ( online - 17 July 1978 ). Before the fall? The Minister-President of Baden-Württemberg was caught untruth again; he can “only do one service to the country and the party”, say Christian Democrats - “resignation” . In: Der Spiegel . No.  19 , 1978, p. 26-29 ( online - 17 July 1978 ).
  9. ↑ nachrichten.t-online.de, May 19, 2008: Freiburg: Ingeborg Filbinger died at the age of 86
  10. ↑ Der Spiegel No. 39/2013, pp. 148–150.
  11. ↑ Lothar Bossle (Ed.): Hans Filbinger. A man in our time. Universitas, Munich 1983, p. 600
  12. ^ Oskar Niedermayer : Parties and party systems in the German states , 2008, p. 111
  13. ^ Hans-Georg Wehling , Reinhold Weber: History of Baden-Württemberg. 1st edition, Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 3-406-55874-7 , p. 117
  14. ^ Bernhard C. Witt: 20 years Juso-HSG Ulm. 1993, archived from the original on November 30, 2005 ; Retrieved December 22, 2012 .
  15. ↑ Typolexikon: Ulm School of Design ; Die ZEIT, death in Ulm , December 6, 1968
  16. ↑ Martin Kramen, Günther Hörmann, The Ulm School of Design , 2003, p. 210
  17. ^ A b c Karl Moersch, Peter Hölzle: Counterpoint Baden-Württemberg: to the prehistory and history of the south-western state. DRW-Verlag 2002, ISBN 3-87181-478-4
  18. ↑ Wolfram Wette (Freiburg im Breisgau, September 14, 2003): The Filbinger case ( Memento of March 12, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF, p. 9; 45 kB)
  19. ^ Uwe Jun, Melanie Haas, Oskar Niedermayer (ed.): Parties and party systems in the German states. 1st edition, Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Münster 2007, ISBN 3-531-15439-7 , p. 113
  20. ↑ Uwe Jun, Melanie Haas, Oskar Niedermayer (eds.): Parties and party systems in the German states , Münster 2007, p. 111.
  21. ↑ Simone Mantei: No and yes to abortion. 1st edition, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2004, ISBN 3-525-55738-8 , pp. 486-489
  22. ^ John Goetz, C. Baumann (taz magazine, September 12, 1998, p. 5): No warning to Allende
  23. ↑ The time 17/1974: Filbinger as a candidate?
  24. ↑ Our attack is coming . In: Der Spiegel . No. 22 , 1977 ( online - May 23, 1977 , interview with Friedrich Zimmermann).
  25. ^ Hans-Helmut Wüstenhagen: Citizens against nuclear power plants. Wyhl the beginning? Reinbek near Hamburg 1975, ISBN 3-499-11949-8 , p. 13
  26. ^ Peter Graf von Kielmansegg: After the catastrophe, A history of divided Germany. Berlin, 2000, p. 345ff.
  27. ^ Joachim Radkau: Rise and Crisis of the German Nuclear Industry. 1945-1975. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1983, ISBN 3-499-17756-0 , p. 451
  28. ^ Hermann Groß, Bernhard Frevel, Carsten Dams: Handbuch der Polizeien Deutschlands , Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Münster 2008, ISBN 978-3-531-15709-2 , p. 61
  29. ↑ Barbara Boock: Regional Identity as Resistance. In: Eckhard John (Ed.): Volkslied - Hymne - Politisches Lied: popular songs in Baden-Württemberg , Waxmann, 2003, ISBN 3-8309-1351-6 , p. 113
  30. ↑ Barbara Boock: Regional Identity as Resistance. In: Eckhard John (ed.): Volkslied - Hymne - political song: popular songs in Baden-Württemberg , Waxmann, 2003, ISBN 3-8309-1351-6 , p. 118 f.
  31. ↑ Petra Thorbrietz: Networked thinking in journalism: Journalistic communication deficits using the example of ecology and environmental protection. Niemeyer Max Verlag GmbH, 1986, ISBN 3484340215 , p. 94; Stephan Rechlin: Broadcasting and change of power: the Südwestfunk in the years 1965-1977; an institutional history in broadcast policy case studies. Nomos, 1999, ISBN 3789061972 , p. 312
  32. ↑ https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/fedora/objects/freidok:4826/datastreams/FILE1/content
  33. ^ Reinhard Mohr (Der Spiegel, April 2, 2007): Obituary: Prime Minister, Naval Judge, Follower
  34. ↑ Aleida Assmann (From Politics and Contemporary History, 49/2007): Construction of history in museums
  35. ↑ Stefan Wisniewski (tageszeitung, October 11, 1997): We were so incredibly consistent ... A conversation about the history of the RAF.
  36. ↑ Martin Lüdke (Die Zeit 1986): The Owl of Minerva. Max Horkheimer's "Collected Writings"
  37. ↑ Michael Jeismann: The national anthem. In: Etienne Francois, Hagen Schulze (ed.): German places of memory Volume III. Beck, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-406-47224-9 , p. 663 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  38. ↑ Torben Fischer, Matthias N. Lorenz (ed.): Lexicon of 'coping with the past' in Germany. Debate and discourse history of National Socialism after 1945. Transcript, 2nd edition 2009, ISBN 3-89942-773-4 , p. 204; Wolfram Wette: The Filbinger case ( Memento from March 12, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) (Lecture on the event “What was wrong cannot be right!”, Freiburg September 14, 2003; PDF; 45 kB)
  39. ↑ Der Spiegel, June 22, 1987: Filbinger: Leben in Nischen (Review by Hans Filbinger: The maligned generation. Political memories. 1st edition 1987)
  40. ↑ Hans Filbinger: The reviled generation. Political memories. The truth from the Stasi files. 3rd edition, Bechtle, Esslingen 1994, ISBN 3-7628-0523-7 (foreword and appendix); Erich Schmidt-Eenboom: Secret Service, Politics and Media: Opinion making undercover. Homilius, 2004, ISBN 3897068796 , p. 109
  41. ↑ Diverse bed scenes . In: Der Spiegel . No. 30 , 1989, pp. 67 f . ( online - July 24, 1989 ).
  42. ↑ Fred Ludwig Sepaintner (Ed.): Hans Filbinger: from nine decades. DRW-Verlag, 2003, ISBN 3871815365 , pp. 68 and 153
  43. ↑ Looking to the right , May 6, 2007: Drawing the consequences
  44. ↑ Looking to the right, September 1996: Study Center trains young academics
  45. ↑ Der Stern (September 12, 2003): The "terrible lawyer" ( Memento from June 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ); Marcus Stölb (Der Spiegel, August 5, 2003): Dispute about Filbinger's birthday: And I celebrate!
  46. ↑ Wolfram Wette: The Filbinger case ( Memento from March 12, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) (lecture in Freiburg im Breisgau, September 14, 2003) (PDF, p. 9; 45 kB)
  47. ^ KA-News, October 11, 2003: Filbinger as the keynote speaker
  48. ↑ Landtag BW: Plenary Protocol 13/66. (PDF) March 31, 2004, p. 4629 , archived from the original on October 7, 2005 ; Retrieved December 22, 2012 .
  49. ↑ Markus Deggerich (Der Spiegel, May 19, 2004): Federal President Election: The Return of the "Terrible Jurist" Filbinger
  50. ^ Forum Justizgeschichte eV: Hans Filbinger, elder of the Federal Assembly ( Memento from May 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (press release from May 20, 2004)
  51. ↑ Jens Mecklenburg (ed.): Handbuch right-wing extremism , Berlin 1996, p. 458
  52. ↑ Rosemarie von dem Knesebeck: Filbinger gegen Hochhuth , 1980, p. 195 f.
  53. ↑ Edmund Käbisch: The Fanal von Falkenstein: a study about the decomposition of the church by the Stasi after the self-immolation of the pastor Rolf Günther. Edition La Colombe, 2007, ISBN 3929351277 , p. 23
  54. ↑ Bruno Jahn (Ed.): Biographisches Handbuch der deutschen Politik. , Saur, 2004, ISBN 3-598-11579-2 , p. 177
  55. ^ The International Who's Who 2004 , 2004, p. 533
  56. ^ Christine Bach / Hanns Jürgen Küsters: Filbinger, Hans Karl. Konrad Adenauer Foundation, August 5, 2010, accessed on April 14, 2019 .
  57. ^ Reinhard Mohr: Obituary for Hans Filbinger: Prime Minister, Naval Judge, Follower . In: Spiegel Online . April 2, 2007 ( spiegel.de [accessed April 14, 2019]).
  58. ↑ Süddeutsche Zeitung, April 12, 2007: Oettinger's speech at the state act on April 11, 2007
  59. ^ "Filbinger was a fellow marchers" (n-tv, April 13, 2007)
  60. ^ Deutschlandfunk, April 14, 2007: Historian accuses Oettinger of falsifying history
  61. ↑ Der Tagesspiegel, April 13, 2007: Filbinger funeral speech: Merkel distances herself from Oettinger
  62. ^ Der Tagesspiegel, April 15, 2007: Oettinger apologizes to Nazi victims
  63. ^ FAZ, April 16, 2007: Oettinger: 'Don't keep my formulation upright'
  64. ↑ Der Tagesspiegel, April 15, 2007: Catholics honor Filbinger with a memorial service
  65. ↑ Der Tagesspiegel, April 17, 2007: Archbishopric cancels service for Filbinger
  66. ↑ FAZ, April 13, 2013: Daughter: Father not a Nazi opponent - Filbinger's diaries discovered
  67. ^ Rheinische Post: Filbinger's daughter: "I have a big, but damaged name" ; Notification of the KAS about the inclusion of the diaries in the archive (PDF; 141 kB)
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on October 15, 2009 .
personal data
SURNAME Filbinger, Hans
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Filbinger, Hans Karl (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (CDU), MdL
DATE OF BIRTH September 15, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH Mannheim
DATE OF DEATH April 1, 2007
Place of death Freiburg im Breisgau - Günterstal