Royal Bavarian 3rd Infantry Regiment "Prince Karl of Bavaria"

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Commemorative badge for the reunion of the 3rd Infantry Regiment, 1924, with the code "IRC 3" (Infantry Regiment Prinz Carl 3)

The 3rd Infantry Regiment "Prince Charles of Bavaria" was last in Augsburg standing Regiment of the Bavarian army . In 1914 it was subordinate to the 3rd Infantry Brigade together with the 20th Infantry Regiment .

history

Positioning and development

The regiment was of Elector Johann Wilhelm on 1 February 1698 Kurpfälzisches Guard - Grenadier - Regiment in Dusseldorf situated.

War of the Spanish Succession 1702/14

It received its baptism of fire during the War of the Spanish Succession and took part in the battles on the Speyerbach , Landau and Ludwigsburg , partly under the command of Prince Eugene .

War of the Austrian Succession 1741/48

After moving to Heidelberg and later to Mannheim , the regiment of the Palatinate Army took part in the War of the Austrian Succession (defense of Braunau ).

Participation in the Seven Years' War 1757/59

After being renamed to Leibregiment (1757) and a short time later to Guards Regiment on Foot , it took part in operations during the Seven Years' War in Franconia , Saxony (including near Torgau ) and Bohemia . In 1777 the regiment came into Bavarian service with the union of the Palatinate and Bavarian lines of the Wittelsbach dynasty .

Coalition wars

First coalition war 1792/97

After the defense of Mannheim in the coalition wars of 1794/95, the unit was relocated to Bavaria in 1797 (first divided between Friedberg , Erding and Munich, and in 1798 completely to Neuburg ).

Second coalition war 1798-1802

On October 9, 1799, the combined battalion "Duke Karl" under Lieutenant Colonel Karl von Buseck fought against the French division "Mesnard" at Paradies monastery so excellently that the commanding Russian General Korsakov paid him his full recognition and expressly paid him the command of this battalion praised. Fights followed near Stockach and Memmingen . In the battle of Möskirch on May 5, 1800, in the Battle of Neuburg an der Donau on June 27, 1800, Lieutenant Colonel drew of Buseck again especially true in full it in accordance with electoral Cabinet Order of 20 August 1800, the military medals awarded . After the unfortunate battle of Hohenlinden , the regiment was relocated to Heidelberg again in 1801 , then to Ulm in 1803 . There the regiment was renamed the 3rd Line Infantry Regiment "Herzog Karl" in 1804 .

Third Coalition War 1805

In 1805 it competed against the Austrians , this time on the side of Napoleon .

Fourth coalition war 1806/07

In 1806 the regiment was moved to the mediatized imperial city of Augsburg and then used against Prussia and Russia in 1806/07 . During the battle at Poplawy / Pultusk on May 16, 1807, Captain Johann Palm, at that time adjutant general to Lieutenant General Wrede , managed to quickly supply the right wing of the Bavarian troops, which had almost completely shot themselves, with ammunition, and Bavaria dispersed to collect again and to counterattack. To reinforce the right flank, he had a company from the 3rd Line Infantry Regiment deployed, and his personal bravery and skilful arrangements made a major contribution to the success. For this he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military Max Joseph Order in accordance with the army order of August 18, 1807 .

Fifth Coalition War 1809

In 1809 it was involved in the war against Austria (including Abensberg and Wagram ). On May 11, 1809, the regiment was on the march towards Lofer. The Lofer Pass was held by two companies of Austrians, Tyrolean riflemen and two six-pounder cannons. A bypass was not possible due to the snow conditions. At daybreak, General Minucci had the regiment, the 2nd Battalion of the 14th Infantry Regiment and, as an avant-garde, the 6th light battalion “Laroche”, supported by eight howitzers and four twelve-pounders, attacked the fortified pass head-on. The cannonade lasted until noon without any significant advantage being achieved. In addition, the enemy was always able to replace his losses. After the fourth onslaught of the 6th light battalion and one battalion of the 14th Infantry Regiment had failed in each case, the 2nd Battalion of the 3rd Infantry Regiment received the order at 2 p.m. to take the pass by storm. Colonel Commander Joseph Graf von Berchem stormed with a swung sword at the head of the 2nd Battalion, reinforced by the Leibcompanie and supported by the 6th Battalion against the palisades and entanglements, which he and Captain Hazzi of the engineering corps were the first to overcome. During this storming, the adjutant of Colonel Count Berchem, Lieutenant Karl Joseph Weigand, managed to enter through a window of the house to the left of the palisade gate, to capture about ten Austrians in the room next to it and to open the gate from the inside. The attackers were now able to penetrate protected against enemy fire and quickly take possession of the pass. For this he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military Max Joseph Order by army order of September 9, 1809. On May 15, 1809, Colonel Graf Berchem and his regiment conquered the city of Schwaaz, not least because of his exemplary behavior. For this purpose, but above all for the removal of the Strub and Lofer Passes, he was proposed by the commander of the 2nd Army Division, Lieutenant General Freiherr von Wrede, for inclusion in the Military Max Joseph Order, whose Knight's Cross he received with an army order of September 3, 1810 received. After a popular uprising broke out in Tyrol after the Treaty of Schönbrunn fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria , the association was established there.

Napoléon's Russian campaign in 1812

Then it went into the Russian campaign in 1812 .

Wars of Liberation 1813/15

On April 10, 1813, parts of the brigade under General Friedrich von Zoller located in the Thorn Fortress were driven out by the Russian attackers from Beckerberg, the dominant height in front of the city fortifications. That night General von Zoller ordered the regiment to immediately set up a command under a capable captain with 2 officers, 4 NCOs and 40 men to recapture the Beckerberg. Captain Johann von Fleischmann , company commander in the regiment, was personally briefed by General von Zoller on the location and importance of the Beckerberg. Immediately he and his team advanced through the Kulmer Gate towards the height. He left an officer with a few men as a cover group to the right of the mountain, he himself continued to advance against an enemy that was four times superior. Under cover of darkness, he and his men suddenly stormed head-on and into the flank of the Russians, who were already preparing the Beckerberg to accommodate a battery, and drove them off the mountain. He followed the cover group and pursued the enemy, who holed up in the "red house" (a large brick house). After stubborn resistance, he was able to throw the Russians out of this building too. With an army order of June 24, 1815, he was rewarded for his services at Thorn with the Knight's Cross of the Military Max Joseph Order. At the end of the Napoleonic Wars had in Bautzen , Hanau and Arcis-sur-Aube and in the capture of Paris still battles to be passed.

Relocation to the Prinz-Karl-Kaserne in Augsburg in 1884

The Prinz-Karl-Kaserne in Augsburg on a colored postcard from 1911

On November 8, 1884, the regiment moved into the newly built Prince Karl barracks on the outskirts of Augsburg in 1882 . Initiated the construction of the new accommodation was a typhoid fever - epidemic in the recent lodging of the regiment in the Augsburg monastery buildings Holy Cross and St. Salvator . In 1898 a memorial was erected in the barracks yard on the occasion of the regiment's 200th anniversary.

Franco-German War 1870/71

During this period the unit was used against the Prussians in 1866 and against the French in 1870/71 (including at Sedan ). Temporarily parts were the Association in Kempten , Ulm and Lindau stationed . According to a decree of November 7, 1866, it was determined that the regiment, in memory of the merits of Karl von Bayern , had to bear his name forever. With the takeover of the ownership the association was called 3rd Infantry Regiment "Prince Karl of Bavaria" .

As part of the innovations in weapon technology , the regiment received an MG company before the beginning of World War I.

First World War

1914

At the beginning of the First World War in 1914, the regiment was mobilized and driven to the Western Front under the command of the 6th Army . In Saarburg on August 20, the first major engagement was. Shortly thereafter, the fighting on the border in Lorraine followed and, from the end of September, the first battle on the Somme .

1915

In 1915 the regiment came from the 2nd Infantry Division to the newly formed 11th Infantry Division and was transferred to the Eastern Front. There it was involved in the breakthrough at Gorlice-Tarnów in May 1915 , the conquest of Przemyśl on June 3, 1915 and the subsequent months-long driving back of the Russians ( Great Retreat ). The victorious campaign across the Danube through Serbia followed in autumn .

1916

In the battle of Verdun in the spring of 1916, the regiment fought at Avocourt. At the beginning of May 1916 he finally succeeded in conquering height 279, where the regiment set up for defense. After a terrible death toll in just three months, the regiment was disbanded. In the summer of that year the regiment took part in the defense of the Brusilov offensive in Volhynia . From autumn 1916 the regiment fought during the successful offensive through the Carpathians against Romania on the right (3rd battalion) and left flank (1st and 2nd battalion) of the 11th Infantry Division.

1917/18

In 1917 the association was relocated to the Western Front, where it took part in the fighting in Alsace , the Aisne , Flanders and in the German offensive in 1918.

The regiment, which was almost always at the heart of the fighting, lost more than 5,000 men to death between 1914 and 1918.

Knight of the Military Max Joseph Order

  • May 5, 1915: Major Eugen Halder
  • October 29, 1915: Lieutenant in the reserve Ludwig Frisch († March 21, 1916)
  • February 25, 1916: Lieutenant Wilhelm Thoma
  • February 25, 1916: Lieutenant Adolf Tutschek
  • July 31, 1917: Major Otto Saur
  • October 1, 1917: Captain Christian Schneider († June 25, 1916)
  • October 18, 1917: Lieutenant in the reserve Rudolf Kardel († September 6, 1917)
  • October 28, 1919: Major Eduard Doehla (killed in command of the 2nd Battalion on April 14, 1918)
  • February 4, 1920: Lieutenant of the Reserve Josef Steiner (Commander's Cross with effect from April 15, 1918)
  • February 4, 1920: Lieutenant of the Reserve Paul Dreher († September 29, 1918)
  • Since it was reformed to the 3rd Infantry Regiment in 1801, the flag of the 1st Battalion was adorned with the golden medal of bravery of the standard bearer Johann Horn, who was fatally wounded in the Battle of Mösskirch on May 5, 1800 . It was the only personal decoration that was ever attached to a Bavarian standard and an absolute precedent.

Whereabouts

After the armistice , the remnants of the regiment returned to Bavaria. In Augsburg the demobilization of the regiment took place from December 13, 1918 to January 15, 1919 , as well as the interim disbandment on May 10, 1919. On April 25, 1919, the formation of the Augsburg Infantry Regiment was started from parts of the regiment , which then went up in June 1919 as the 1st Battalion of the Reichswehr Infantry Regiment 44.

The 5th and 7th companies of the 19th (Bavarian) Infantry Regiment took over the tradition in the Reichswehr .

Commanders

Rank Surname date
Colonel Maximilian Jehlin 1913 to December 25, 1914
Lieutenant colonel Franz von Stengel December 26, 1914 to August 12, 1917
Lieutenant colonel Theodor Carl August 13-30, 1917
major Maximilian Werkmann August 31 to October 21, 1917
Colonel Franz von Stengel October 22, 1917 to July 1918
major Oskar Prager July 28, 1918 until the end of the war

literature

  • Konrad Krafft von Dellmensingen , Friedrichfranz Feeser : The Bavaria book of the world wars 1914-1918. Volume 1. Chr. Belser AG publishing house bookstore. Stuttgart 1930.
  • Baptist Schrettinger: The Royal Bavarian Military Max Joseph Order and its members. R. Oldenbourg, Munich 1882.
  • Günther Voigt: Germany's armies until 1918. Volume 10: Bavaria: Infantry Leib Regiment, Infantry Regiments 1–23, Jäger Battalions 1–2, 1st machine gun division. Biblio Publishing House. Osnabrück 1984. ISBN 3-7648-1199-4 .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Augsburger Stadtlexikon : Prinz-Karl-Kaserne ( Memento of the original from July 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Retrieved December 23, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stadtlexikon-augsburg.de
  2. ↑ Prinz-Karl-Viertel Augsburg: The history of the Prinz-Karl-Viertel - Retrieved on December 23, 2011.
  3. ^ Bavarian War Ministry (ed.): Military manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria. 1900. S. LIII.
  4. ^ Jürgen Kraus: Handbook of the units and troops of the German army 1914-1918. Part 6: Infantry. Volume 1: Gerhard Bauer, Jürgen Kraus: Infantry Regiments. Publishing house Militaria. Vienna 2007. ISBN 978-3-902526-14-4 . P. 435.