List of European freshwater fish and lampreys
This list of European freshwater fish and lampreys contains the more than 500 fish species and lampreys (Petromyzontiformes) of inland waters in Europe. The lampreys, as round-mouthed fish, are not really fish, but rather primitive vertebrates in their own class (Petromyzontida), but because of their fish-like shape and ecology, they are traditionally discussed with fish. Apart from the lampreys, all species belong to the bony fish (Osteichthyes) and, with the exception of the primeval sturgeon-like (Acipenseriformes), to the real bony fish (Teleostei).
The biodiversity and distribution of freshwater fish in Europe were largely shaped by the last glacial period. By far the largest group are the carp-like (Cypriniformes) with almost 200 species, followed by the salmon-like (Salmoniformes) with around 40 species. In 2007, the World Conservation Union (IUCN) classified 200 of the 522 species as " critically endangered ".
The list is incomplete, but also includes species that have been introduced by man ( invasive species ), as well as some marine fish and brackish water species that only occasionally freshwaters attention.
Lampreys (petromyzontiformes)
River lampreys ( Lampetra fluviatilis )
- Caspine lamprey (Caspiomyzon wagneri)
- Danube lamprey ( Eudontomyzon danfordi )
- Greek brook lamprey ( Eudontomyzon hellenicus )
- Ukrainian brook lamprey ( Eudontomyzon mariae )
- Drin brook lamprey ( Eudontomyzon stankokaramani )
- Danube river lamprey ( Eudontomyzon vladykovi )
- River lamprey ( Lampetra fluviatilis )
- Brook lamprey ( Lampetra planeri )
- Lampetra soljani
- Arctic lamprey ( Lethenteron camtschaticum )
- Lethenteron reissneri
- Lombardy lamprey ( Lethenteron zanandreai )
- Sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus )
Sturgeon (Acipenseriformes)
Atlantic sturgeon ( Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus )
- Siberian sturgeon ( Acipenser baerii ) ( N. )
- Russian sturgeon or wax thick ( Acipenser gueldenstaedtii )
- Adriatic sturgeon ( Acipenser naccarii )
- Smooth sturgeon or smooth thick ( Acipenser nudiventris )
- Atlantic sturgeon ( Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus )
- Persian sturgeon ( Acipenser persicus )
- Sterlet ( Acipenser ruthenus )
- Sternhausen ( Acipenser stellatus )
- European sturgeon ( Acipenser sturio )
- European Hausen ( Huso huso )
- Paddlefish ( Polyodon spathula ) ( N. )
European eels ( Anguilla anguilla )
Eel-like (Anguilliformes)
- European eel ( Anguilla anguilla )
Herring-like (Clupeiformes)
Feint ( Alosa fallax )
- Alosa agone
- Alosa algeriensis
- Allis shad ( Alosa alosa )
- Kaspi allis shad ( Alosa caspia )
- Kizilagach allis shad ( Alosa curensis )
- Feint ( Alosa fallax )
- Black sea allis shad ( Alosa immaculata )
- Caspian black back ( Alosa kessleri )
- Alosa killarnensis
- Alosa macedonica
- Kerchen allis shad ( Alosa maeotica )
- Suvorov allis shad ( Alosa suworowi )
- Alosa tanaica
- Alosa vistonica
- Volga allis shad ( Alosa volgensis )
- Abrau sardine ( Clupeonella abrau )
- Clupeonella caspia
- Tyulka sardine ( Clupeonella cultriventris )
- Clupeonella Tscharchalensis
Salmonid fish (Salmoniformes)
Little vendace ( Coregonus albula )
Baltic billfish ( C. maraena )
Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar )
Brown trout ( S. trutta forma fario )
Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus )
- Little vendace ( Coregonus albula )
- Atlantic marsh vendace ( Coregonus autumnalis )
- Coregonus baunti
- Ammersee-Kilch ( Coregonus bavaricus )
- Parish ( Coregonus confusus )
- Riedling ( Coregonus danneri )
- Albock ( Coregonus fatioi )
- Stechlin's whitefish ( Coregonus fontanae )
- Lavaret ( Coregonus lavaretus )
- Gangfish ( Coregonus macrophthalmus )
- Baltic billet ( Coregonus maraena )
- Coregonus muksun
- Great deer ( Coregonus nasus )
- Beak ( Coregonus oxyrinchus )
- Peled Vendace ( Coregonus peled )
- Lesser ground vein ( Coregonus pidschian )
- Bodenseefelchen ( Coregonus wartmanni )
- Albeli ( Coregonus zugensis )
- White salmon ( Stenodus leucichthys )
- Danube Huchen ( Hucho hucho )
- Pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) ( N. )
- Ketal salmon ( Oncorhynchus keta ) ( N. )
- Silver salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) ( N. )
- Rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) ( N. )
- Marble trout ( Salmo marmoratus )
- Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar )
- Trout ( Salmo trutta )
- Adriatic trout ( Salmo obtusirostris )
- Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus )
- Brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis )
- American char ( Salvelinus namaycush ) ( N. )
- European grayling ( Thymallus thymallus )
Smelt-like (Osmeriformes)
- European smelt ( Osmerus eperlanus )
Pike-like (Esociformes)
European pike ( Esox lucius )
- European pike ( Esox lucius )
- Esox aquitanicus
- Esox cisalpinus
- Hungarian dogfish ( Umbra krameri )
- American dogfish ( Umbra limi ) ( N. )
- Small dogfish ( Umbra pygmaea ) ( N. )
Carp fish (Cyprinidae)
Bleak ( Alburnus alburnus )
Barbel ( barbus barbus )
Turkish barbel ( Barbus cyclolepis )
Gable ( Carassius carassius )
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Nose ( Chondrostoma nasus )
Grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella )
Common carp ( Cyprinus carpio )
Moderlieschen ( Leucaspius delineatus )
Blue banded barb ( Pseudorasbora parva )
Beling's gudgeon ( Romanogobio belingi )
Roach ( Rutilus rutilus )
Strömer ( Telestes souffia )
Tench ( Tinca tinca )
Schiedling ( Vimba melanops )
- Bream ( Abramis brama )
- Sable ( Abramis sapa )
- Portuguese roach ( Achondrostoma oligolepis )
- Schneider ( Alburnoides bipunctatus )
- Alburnoides economoui
- Ohrid cutter ( Alburnoides ohridanus )
- Prespa cutter ( Alburnoides prespensis )
- Alburnoides thessalicus
- White bleak ( Alburnus albidus )
- Bleak ( Alburnus alburnus )
- Caucasian bleak ( Alburnus charusini )
- Alburnus danubicus
- Alburnus macedonicus
- Alburnus mandrensis
- Alburnus scoranza
- Spanish minnow ( Anaecypris hispanica )
- Barbel gudgeon ( Aulopyge huegelii )
- Zope ( Ballerus ballerus )
- Albanian barbel ( Barbus albanicus )
- Barbel ( barbus barbus )
- Barbus biharicus
- Barbus caninus
- Barbus ciscaucasicus
- Turkish barbel ( Barbus cyclolepis )
- Barbus euboicus
- Barbus haasi
- Barbus macedonicus
- Trout barbel ( Barbus meridionalis )
- Barbus peloponnesius
- Barbus petenyi
- Tiber barbel ( Barbus plebejus )
- Barbus prespensis
- Crimean barb ( Barbus tauricus )
- Italian barbel ( Barbus tyberinus )
- Güster ( Blicca bjoerkna )
- Gable ( Carassius auratus gibelio or Carassius gibelio ) ( N. )
- Goldfish ( Carassius auratus auratus ) ( N. )
- Crucian carp ( Carassius carassius )
- Caucasian Näsling ( Chondrostoma colchicum )
- Dalmatian Näsling ( Chondrostoma knerii )
- Chondrostoma kubanicum
- Pardilla roach ( Chondrostoma lemmingii )
- Nose ( Chondrostoma nasus )
- Terek-Näsling ( Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum )
- Minnow nasal ( Chondrostoma phoxinus )
- Chondrostoma prespense
- Chondrostoma scodrense
- Italian Näsling ( Chondrostoma soetta )
- Grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) ( N. )
- Common carp ( Cyprinus carpio )
- White fin gudgeon ( Gobio albipinnatus )
- Gobio banarescui
- Gudgeon ( Gobio gobio )
- Soldators gudgeon ( Gobio soldatovi )
- Silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ) ( N. )
- Marble carp ( Hypophthalmichthys nobilis ) (N.)
- Pardilla roach ( Iberochondrostoma lemmingii )
- Moderlieschen ( Leucaspius delineatus )
- Asp ( leuciscus aspius )
- Danilewski hazel ( Leuciscus danilewskii )
- Aland ( Leuciscus idus )
- Yugoslav chub ( Leuciscus illyricus )
- Hazel ( Leuciscus leuciscus )
- Macal Stream ( Leuciscus microlepis )
- Croatian river ( Leuciscus polylepis )
- Adriatic hazel ( Leuciscus svallize )
- Tursky stream ( Leuciscus turskyi )
- Luciobarbus bocagei
- Aral barbel ( Luciobarbus brachycephalus )
- Bulatamai barbel ( Luciobarbus capito )
- Iberian barbel ( Luciobarbus comizo )
- Greek barbel ( Luciobarbus graecus )
- Ebro barbel ( Luciobarbus graellsii )
- Luciobarbus guiraonis
- Luciobarbus microcephalus
- Andalusian barbel ( Luciobarbus sclateri )
- Luciobarbus steindachneri
- Macedonian roach ( Pachychilon macedonicum )
- Albanian roach ( Pachychilon pictum )
- Parachondrostoma arrigonis
- Parachondrostoma miegii
- Southwest European Näsling ( Parachondrostoma toxostoma )
- Greek minnow ( Pelasgus stymphalicus )
- Goat ( Pelecus cultratus )
- Bobyrez chub ( Petroleuciscus borysthenicus )
- Dalmatian minnow ( Phoxinellus adspersus )
- Dubrovnik minnow ( Phoxinellus pstrossii )
- Minnow ( Phoxinus phoxinus )
- Lau ( Protochondrostoma genei )
- Iberian Näsling ( Pseudochondrostoma polylepis )
- Blue banded harlequin ( Pseudorasbora parva ) ( N. )
- Rhodeus meridionalis
- Bitterling ( Rhodeus sericeus )
- Marsh minnow ( Rhynchocypris percnurus )
- White fin gudgeon ( Romanogobio albipinnatus )
- Romanogobio antipai
- Romanogobio banaticus
- Beling's gudgeon ( Romanogobio belingi )
- Po gudgeon ( Romanogobio benacensis )
- Caucasian gudgeon ( Romanogobio ciscaucasicus )
- Romanogobio elimeius
- Kessler's gudgeon ( Romanogobio kesslerii )
- Romanogobio parvus
- Romanogobio pentatrichus
- Romanogobio tanaiticus
- Stone Greens ( Romanogobio uranoscopus )
- Danube whitefinned guttling ( Romanogobio vladykovi )
- Rutilus aula
- Rutilus basak
- Black Sea Roach ( Rutilus frisii )
- Rutilus heckelii
- Rutilus karamani
- Pearlfish ( Rutilus meidingerii )
- Rutilus ohridanus
- Female nerfling ( rutilus pigus )
- Rutilus prespensis
- Roach or roach ( Rutilus rutilus )
- Rutilus ylikiensis
- Southern European roach ( Sarmarutilus rubilio )
- Scardinius acarnanicus
- Rudd ( Scardinius erythrophthalmus )
- Greek rudd ( Scardinius graecus )
- Scardinius racovitzai
- Scardinius scardafa
- Caucasian chub ( Squalius aphipsi )
- Chub ( Squalius cephalus )
- Ghizani ( Squalius ghigii )
- Squalius palaciosi
- Telestes dabar
- Telestes miloradi
- Telestes pleurobipunctatus
- Strömer ( Telestes souffia )
- Ukliva Streamers ( Telestes ukliva )
- Tench ( Tinca tinca )
- Calandio roach ( Tropidophoxinellus alburnoides )
- Tropidophoxinellus hellenicus
- Tropidophoxinellus spartiaticus
- Seaweed ( Vimba elongata )
- Schiedling ( Vimba melanops )
- Vimba ( Vimba vimba )
Suckers (Catostomidae)
- Alaska sucking chub ( Catostomus catostomus ) ( N. )
- Small-mouthed buffalo fish ( Ictiobus bubalus ) (N.)
- Big mouthed buffalo fish ( Ictiobus cyprinellus ) (N.)
- Black buffalo fish ( Ictiobus niger ) (N.)
Loach ( Barbatula barbatula )
Brook loaches (Nemacheilidae)
- Loach ( Barbatula barbatula )
- Barbatula quignardi
- Barbatula sturanyi
- Barbatula zetensis
- Angora loach ( Oxynoemacheilus angorae )
- Oxynoemacheilus bureschi
- Terek loach ( Oxynoemacheilus merga )
- Oxynoemacheilus pindus
Wolffish (Cobitidae)
Wolffish ( Cobitis taenia )
European mud whip ( Misgurnus fossilis )
- Cobitis arachthosensis
- Cobitis bilineata
- Cobitis calderoni
- Dalmatian cobitis
- Balkan wolffish ( Cobitis elongata )
- Cobitis elongatoides
- Cobitis hellenica
- Cobitis illyrica
- Cobitis jadovaensis
- Cobitis maroccana
- Cobitis megaspila
- Cobitis melanoleuca
- Meridional cobitis
- Cobitis narentana
- Ohrid loach ( Cobitis ohridana )
- Paludic cobitis
- Pontic cobitis
- Cobitis puncticulata
- Punctilineal cobitis
- Cobitis rhodopensis
- Cobitis stephanidisi
- Cobitis strumicae
- Wolffish ( Cobitis taenia )
- Cobitis tanaitica
- Cobitis taurica
- Cobitis trichonica
- Cobitis vardarensis
- Cobitis vettonica
- Cobitis zanandreai
- European mud whip ( Misgurnus fossilis )
- Gold loach ( Sabanejewia aurata )
- Balkan golden loach ( Sabanejewia balcanica )
- Baltic gold loach ( Sabanejewia baltica )
- Sabaneevia bulgarica
- Caspian wolffish ( Sabanejewia caspia )
- Italian loach ( Sabanejewia larvata )
- Romanian wolffish ( Sabanejewia romanica )
- Sabanejewia vallachica
Catfish ( Ameiurus nebulosus )
Catfish (Siluriformes)
- Black pygmy catfish ( Ameiurus melas ) ( N. )
- Brown catfish ( Ameiurus nebulosus ) (N.)
- Spotted catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) (N.)
- Catfish ( Silurus glanis )
- Aristotle Catfish ( Silurus aristotelis )
- Yellow dragon catfish ( Tachysurus fulvidraco ) (N.)
Burbot ( lota lota )
Cod-like (Gadiformes)
- Burbot ( lota lota )
Gobies (Gobiiformes)
Banded tadpole goby ( Benthophiloides brauneri )
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Long-tailed goby ( Knipowitschia longecaudata )
Black-mouthed goby ( Neogobius melanostomus )
- Nackthalsgrundel ( Babka gymnotrachelus )
- Banded tadpole goby ( Benthophiloides brauneri )
- Benthophilus durrelli
- Rough tadpole goby ( Benthophilus granulosus )
- Benthophilus leobergius
- Caspian tadpole goby ( Benthophilus macrocephalus )
- Benthophilus magistri
- Benthophilus mahmudbejovi
- Benthophilus nudus
- Star tadpole goby ( Benthophilus stellatus )
- Caspi goby ( Caspiosoma caspium )
- Economidichthys pygmaeus
- Economidichthys trichonis
- Berggrundel ( Hyrcanogobius bergi )
- Knipowitschia cameliae
- Caucasian goby ( Knipowitschia caucasica )
- Knipowitschia croatica
- Knipowitschia goerneri
- Long-tailed goby ( Knipowitschia longecaudata )
- Knipowitschia milleri
- Knipowitschia mrakovcici
- Lagoon goby ( Knipowitschia panizzae )
- Knipowitschia punctatissima
- Knipowitschia radovici
- Greek goby ( Knipowitschia thessala )
- Toad goby ( Mesogobius batrachocephalus )
- River goby ( Neogobius fluviatilis )
- Black-mouthed goby ( Neogobius melanostomus )
- Neogobius pallasi
- Lake Garda goby ( Padogobius bonelli )
- Italian goby ( Padogobius nigricans )
- Canestrini goby ( Pomatoschistus canestrinii )
- Beach goby ( Pomatoschistus microps )
- Ponticola constructor
- Ponticola eurycephalus
- Kessler goby ( Ponticola kessleri )
- Syrman goby ( Ponticol syrman )
- Marbled goby ( Proterorhinus marmoratus )
- Proterorhinus nasalis
- Proterorhinus semilunaris
- Proterorhinus tataricus
- Amur sleeper goby ( Perccottus glenii ) ( N. )
Great pipefish ( Syngnathus acus )
Pipefish (Syngnathiformes)
- Small snake needle ( Nerophis ophidion )
- Black Sea Pipefish ( Syngnathus abaster )
- Great pipefish ( Syngnathus acus )
- Grass needle ( Syngnathus typhle )
Koboldkärpfling ( Gambusia affinis )
Toothpies (Cyprinodontiformes)
- Aphanius baeticus
- Mediterranean carp ( Aphanius fasciatus )
- Spanish Parrot ( Aphanius iberus )
- Valencian Parrot ( Valencia hispanica )
- Valencia letourneuxi
- Valencia robertae (in Pinios in the Peloponnese)
- Koboldkärpfling ( Gambusia affinis ) ( N. )
- Eastern mosquito fish ( Gambusia holbrooki ) (N.)
- Guppy ( Poecilia reticulata ) (N.)
- Blue banded fish ( Fundulus heteroclitus ) (N.)
Rice fish (Adrianichthyidae)
- Japanese rice carp ( Oryzias latipes ) (N.)
Earfish (Atheriniformes)
Small earfish ( Atherina boyeri )
- Small earfish ( Atherina boyeri )
- Great earfish ( Atherina hepsetus )
- Striped fish ( Atherina presbyter )
- Odontesthes bonariensis ( N. )
Mullets (Mugiliformes)
Thick-lipped mullet ( Chelon labrosus )
- Thick-lipped mullet ( Chelon labrosus )
- Gold mullet ( Liza aurata )
- Thin-lipped mullet ( Liza ramada )
- Spring mullet ( Liza saliens )
- Large-headed mullet ( Mugil cephalus )
- Gray mullet ( Oedalechilus labeo )
Cichlids (Cichlidae)
Slimy fish (Blenniidae)
- Freshwater blimp ( Salaria fluviatilis )
Flatfish (Pleuronectiformes)
Flounder ( Platichthys flesus )
- Flounder ( Platichthys flesus )
- Arctic flounder ( Liopsetta glacialis )
Sea bass (Moronidae)
- European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax )
- Spotted sea bass ( Dicentrarchus punctatus )
Real perch (Percidae)
Ruff ( Gymnocephalus cernuus )
Zander ( Sander lucioperca )
- Don ruff ( Gymnocephalus acerina )
- Ammersee ruff ( Gymnocephalus ambriaelacus )
- Danube rump ( Gymnocephalus baloni )
- Ruff ( Gymnocephalus cernuus )
- Schrätzer ( Gymnocephalus schraetzer )
- Perch ( Perca fluviatilis )
- Common percarina ( Percarina demidoffii )
- Bullhead bass ( Romanichthys valsanicola )
- Zander ( Sander lucioperca )
- Sea pikeperch ( Sander marinus )
- Volgazander ( Sander volgensis )
- Rhone nerd ( Zingel asper )
- Zingel balcanicus
- Streber ( Zingel streber )
- Zingel ( Zingel zingel )
Sunfish (Centrarchidae)
Small bass ( Micropterus dolomieu )
- Rock perch ( Ambloplites rupestris ) ( N. )
- Big-eared sunfish ( Lepomis auritus ) ( N. )
- Green sunfish ( Lepomis cyanellus ) ( N. )
- Common bluegill ( Lepomis gibbosus ) ( N. )
- Smallmouth bass ( Micropterus dolomieu ) ( N. )
- Largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) ( N. )
Bull relatives (Cottales)
Bullhead ( Cottus gobio )
- Cottus aturi
- Bullhead ( Cottus gobio )
- Cottus duranii
- Cottus haemusi
- Cottus hispaniolensis
- Cottus koshewnikowi
- Cottus metae
- Cottus microstomus
- Scheldtegroppe ( Cottus perifretum )
- Petit bullhead ( Cottus petiti )
- Siberian bullhead ( Cottus poecilopus )
- Rhine drop ( Cottus rhenanus )
- Cottus rondeleti
- Cottus sabaudicus
- Cottus scaturigo
- Cottus transsilvaniae
- Four-horned sea scorpion ( Myoxocephalus quadricornis )
Three-spined stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus )
Sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae)
- Three-spined stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus )
- Greek nine-spined stickleback ( Pungitius hellenicus )
- Ukrainian stickleback ( Pungitius platygaster )
- Pungitius laevis
- Nine-spined stickleback ( Pungitius pungitius )
- Pungitius vulgaris
See also
literature
- Petru Banaescu: Zoogeography of Fresh Waters . AULA, Wiesbaden 1990, ISBN 3-89104-480-1
- Steinbach's naturalist guide, freshwater fish. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-4296-1
- Anton Lelek: The Freshwater Fishes of Europe, Vol. 9: Threatened Fishes of Europe. Aula-Verlag, Wiesbaden 1987, ISBN 3-89104-048-2
- Keith Linsell, Peter Maitland: Freshwater Fish: All Species of Europe Drawn. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, ISBN 3-440-10962-3 .