Lobkowitz (noble family)

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Ancestral coat of arms of the Popel von Lobkowitz family
Coat of arms of the von Lobkowitz family since 1479

The Lobkowitz family (Czech spelling Lobkowicz or Lobkovic ) is one of the oldest noble Bohemian noble families . Today's branch of the old Bohemian family, which is still represented by numerous people in the Czech Republic and other European countries, originally had the family name Popel (German: Asche). They were knights and lords who served dynasty of Premyslid and house Luxembourg . They accepted the noble title of Lobkowitz (Czech z Lobkovic ) when Nicolaus de Újezd ​​bought the Lobkowitz ( Lobkovice ) manor with the castle of the same name in 1408 .

With the person of Zdeněk Vojtěch Popel von Lobkowitz , his line of Popel von Lobkowitz was raised to the rank of imperial prince by Emperor Ferdinand II in 1623 . From then on they called themselves only Prince von Lobkowitz .

history

In the 15th century the family split into two lines: Lobkowitz-Hassenstein ( Hasištejnský z Lobkovic ) and the Popel-Lobkowitz line ( Popel z Lobkovic ). The old Czech spelling Lobkowicz of the gender name is also common in Western European literature .

Individual family members

The oldest family member mentioned in writing was the knight Mareš z Újezda ( Maresch von Aujest ). He came from the village of Újezd ​​u Jestřebí (German Aujest bei Habstein ) not far from Bohemian Leipa and lived during the times of the emperor and Bohemian king Charles IV.

Lobkovice Castle
Hassenstein Castle (Hasištejn)

His son Nikolaus I. Lobkowitz von Hassenstein , Nikolaus (the poor) ( Mikuláš Chudý Hasištejnský z Lobkovic or Mikuláš I. "Chudý" z Újezda a z Lobkowic , Nikolaus "the poor" from Aujest and Lobkowitz), married to Anna z Nechvalic († before 1411) and Žofka (* 1412), contrary to his nickname, was one of the richest and most influential men in Bohemia. He became a clerk in Kuttenberg in 1401 and received several goods from King Wenceslaus IV for his services , including Lobkovice nad Labem ( Lobkowicz ), which were the basis for further growth. In 1417 he was appointed the highest land clerk in Bohemia , in 1418 he also received the rule of Hassenstein ( Hasištejn ) from King Wenceslaus, initially as a pledge, since 1419 as a hereditary crown fief, as the king was only able to successfully siege the castle there with his support.

Under Emperor Sigismund of Luxembourg, with whom he was also in high favor, Mikuláš Hasištejnský z Lobkovic acquired the royal castles Pfraumberg ( Přimda ) and Brüx ( Most ) as well as the Fürchtenberg Castle and the town of Mährisch Schönberg ( Šumperk ) in Moravia . He ceded this property to the Bohemian King Sigismund in 1421 in exchange for the crown rule Frauenberg ( Hluboká nad Vltavou Castle ). Furthermore, he was enfeoffed with the Leitmeritz Castle , the Platten Castle , parts of the rule Klingenberg and the city of Komotau ( Chomutov ).

His two sons started two lines of the family. Both brothers, Nikolaus and Johann von Lobkowicz, were in 1459 by Emperor Friedrich III. raised to the imperial baron status. Only in 1479 the sex in the Czech was Mr. Booth ( Panský stav ) levied. In the Kingdom of Bohemia, no further classifications were formally made at this stage.

The elder Nicholas II received the Hassenstein Castle (Hasištejn) as heir and from then on called himself Nikolaus Lobkowitz von Hassenstein ( Mikuláš II. Hasištejnský z Lobkovic ). The younger brother Johann received the family name Popel von Lobkowitz ( Jan I. Popel z Lobkovic ). Frauenberg Castle (Hluboká nad Vltavou) near České Budějovice . Both branches of the family initially belonged to the utraquist party of the Bohemian nobility. The Lobkowitz boogers converted to Catholicism at the end of the 16th century.

Lobkowitz line from Hassenstein

  • Nikolaus II. Lobkowitz von Hassenstein was able to successfully expand his rule. In 1446 he bought the goods Preßnitz ( Přísečnice ) and Brunnersdorf ( Prunéřov ) from Alesch von Schönburg on Pürstein . He also received Eidlitz ( Údlice ), Kaaden ( Kadaň ) and Komotau ( Chomutov ). He achieved this mainly through his careful tactics and pacts with both the Hussites and the Catholics. He was married to Sophie ( Žofie ) von Žerotín († 1459), died in 1462 and left four sons.
  • Nicholas III Lobkowitz von Hassenstein , Johann and Bohuslaus Lobkowicz von Hassenstein shared the property in 1490, but Hassenstein Castle remained jointly owned. Bohuslaus ( Bohuslav ) Lobkowicz von Hassenstein (1461–1510) became a famous humanist and poet.
  • Bohuslav Felix von Lobkowitz and Hassenstein , Bohemian class politician, new Utraquist
  • Sigismund Lobkowicz von Hassenstein ( Zikmund Hasištejnský z Lobkovic ) († 1546), poet and writer

Line Boogers from Lobkowitz

Christoph Popel von Lobkowitz (1545–1609)
Ladislav III. Baron Lobkowicz (by Hans Krell )

The Popel-Lobkowitz line split up in the 16th century through division and the acquisition of new estates into several branches of the family, named after their possessions, lords of Dux , von Bilin , von Tachau and von Zbiroh . The youngest branch of the Popel-Lobkowitz was named after the Chlumec Castle, owned since 1474, Chlumetzer Zweig . From this branch the Neustädter , the Raudnitzer and the Hořín - Mělník branch emerged. All of the princes come from the Popel von Lobkowitz line.

  • Johann I. Popel von Lobkowitz ( Jan I. Popel z Lobkovic ), a faithful of King George of Podebrady , managed the Rožmberk Castle, which was leased to him by Rosenbergs, from November 30, 1464 . During the distribution battles between the supporters of the king and the Rosenbergs, Zdeněk von Sternberg , an arch enemy of Johann II von Rosenberg , conquered the fortress in January 1469, took Johann and his son Depolt prisoner and kept them at the castle in Krumlov . Johann fell ill in captivity and died. He was buried in the Church of St. Vitus in Český Krumlov. Depolt remained imprisoned until 1475.
  • Depolt Popel von Lobkowitz , a son of Johann I. Popel, took over the rule of Bilin ( Bílina ) from the Lords of Colditz in 1502 , and in 1527 the rule of Dux ( Duchcov ) was added.
  • Wenzel Popel von Lobkowitz inherited the property and bought the Oberleutensdorf ( Litvínov ).
  • His first son was Johann III. Popel von Lobkowitz (1490 - June 14, 1569 in Prague , married to Anna Žehrovská von Kolowrat ). He rose to the position of court judge of the Kingdom of Bohemia. He owned the Zbiroh and Točník lands .
  • His son Johann the Elder Popel von Lobkowitz (* 1521; † June 18, 1590, married three times) was President of the Court of Appeal and President of the Bohemian Chamber as well as captain of the German fiefdom. He also owned the Opálka fortress .
  • Georg the Elder Popel von Lobkowitz , eighth child of Johann III., (* 1540; † May 28, 1607 as a prisoner in Loket ) was also in the service of the Bohemian crown, as chamberlain, judge and chief steward. He was involved in a conspiracy against Emperor Rudolf II .
  • The second son of Ladislav I, Ladislav II (* 1501, † December 18, 1584) was married three times. He owned the lands around Chlumec . He was a member of the Privy Council , became court marshal and royal court master. Ladislaus II von Lobkowitz received the Heideck fiefdom Neustadt and Sternstein from Emperor Ferdinand in 1562 .
  • The son of Ladislav II., Zdeněk Vojtěch Popel von Lobkowitz (Zdenko Adalbert, born August 15, 1568, † June 16, 1628 in Vienna ), like his father, became court counselor and in 1559 supreme chancellor of the crown of Bohemia. He married Polyxenia, née von Pernstein , widow of Wilhelm von Rosenberg . Through this marriage, the family received the rule of Raudnitz (the property there has been in the possession of a line of the family again since 1990). Zdenek Adalbert played a key role in the re-Catholicization of Bohemia. In 1623 he was made the first prince of Lobkowicz (see list below). In 1641 the Fürstete Grafschaft Störnstein was formed from the lords of Neustadt and Störnstein , ensuring the imperial immediacy of the house. 1653 Seat and vote in the Imperial Council of the Reichstag as a (real) Imperial Prince (until 1806).
  • Ladislav III. ("The elder") Baron von Lobkowicz, imperial councilor, marshal and military governor in Hungary 1580, (* 1537; † March 11, 1609); ⚭ Countess Maria Magdalena von Salm-Neuburg (* 1548; † July 23, 1607). The marriage took place in Pressburg ( Bratislava ) on September 23, 1565.
  • Son of Zdeněk Vojtěch Popel von Lobkowitz, (Václav) Wenzel Eusebius von Lobkowicz , 2nd prince, (born January 20, 1609, † April 22, 1677) was president of the court counselor at the court of Emperor Leopold I and accumulated further fortunes for him Raudnitzer Branch to the family.
  • From 1665 to 1697, Count Wenzel Ferdinand Lobkowicz , an important diplomat of Emperor Leopold I for Bavaria , Spain and France , ruled Bilin (Bílina) . In 1720 the Bilin branch of the family died out and the property came into the hands of the Lobkowitz family from Raudnitz ( Roudnice nad Labem ).
  • August Longin von Lobkowitz was not only active in many national and educational associations, but also active in politics and became Imperial Chancellor and under Emperor Charles VI. 1734 President of the Mining and Mint Chamber at the court.
  • An important politician of his time was Georg Christian von Lobkowitz (1835-1908), Marshal of the Bohemian Crown and member of the Bohemian state parliament. He vehemently defended Bohemian law against the national policy of Cisleithania coordinated in Vienna .
  • His successors were his son Bedřich (Friedrich) von Lobkowicz and, in 1923, his son Georg Christian Lobkowicz , a well-known racing driver who had a fatal accident at the AVUS race track in Berlin in 1932 . Bedřich's cousin Otakar Lobkowicz followed him. After 1918, both before and after the defeat of Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany, and after the Second World War , the Lobkowicz people always embraced their Czech tradition, although the nobility in Czechoslovakia was abolished in December 1918.
  • Maximilián Lobkowicz from the Raudnitzer line became the Czechoslovak ambassador in London . In 1989 he returned to Czechoslovakia with his family and in 1991 was given back part of the family property. His son William Lobkowicz was born in Boston in the US state of Massachusetts .

When the Communists came to power in 1948, all branches of the Lobkowitz family in Czechoslovakia were largely expropriated, as had been the case before by the Nazi occupation regime. After 1948, some members of the family therefore emigrated. a. to the USA , later to Germany or Switzerland . All of the members of the extensive Lobkowitz family who had returned, as well as those who remained at home, were able to regain parts of their former property due to the restitution laws of 1991.

Prince of Lobkowitz

Main line (1623-1918)

Zdeněk Vojtěch (Zdenko Adalbert), 1st Prince Lobkowitz (1568–1628)
Václav (Wenzel) Eusebius, 2nd Prince Lobkowitz (1609–1677)
  • Zdeněk Vojtěch Lobkowicz (1568–1628), 1623 1st Prince ⚭ Polyxena von Pernštejn , daughter of Vratislav von Pernstein ,
  • Václav Eusebius, 2nd prince Lobkowicz (1609–1677), his son, 1628 prince, 1646 duke of Sagan , ⚭ I Johana Myšková ze Žlunic; ⚭ II Count Palatine Augusta Sophie von Sulzbach, daughter of Count Palatine August
  • Ferdinand August Leopold von Lobkowitz (1655–1715), his son, 3rd Prince Lobkowicz, Duke of Sagan, ⚭ I Countess Claudia Franziska von Nassau-Hadamar, daughter of Prince Moritz Heinrich von Nassau-Hadamar ; ⚭ II Maria Anna Margravine of Baden-Baden, daughter of Ferdinand Maximilian; ⚭ III Countess Marie Philippine von Althann, daughter of Wenzel Michael Franz; ⚭ IV. Princess Louise von Schwarzenberg , daughter of Ferdinand Wilhelm Eusebius, 2nd Prince of Schwarzenberg
  • Phillip Hyacinth von Lobkowitz (1680–1737), his son from his first marriage, 4th Prince Lobkowicz, Duke of Sagan, founder of the Raudnitzer branch of the Lobkowicz Boogers; ⚭ I Countess Eleonore Caroline Charlotte Popel von Lobkowicz, daughter of Count Kryštof Ferdinand, ⚭ II Countess Anna Maria Wilhelmine von Althann, daughter of Count Michael Ferdinand
  • Wenzel Ferdinand Karl (1723–1739), his son, 5th Prince Lobkowicz, Duke of Sagan
  • Ferdinand Philipp (1724–1784), his brother, 6th Prince Lobkowicz, Duke of Sagan, ⚭ Princess Gabriela Maria von Savoyen-Carignan, daughter of Luigi Vittorio, 3rd Principe di Carignano. In 1745, Prince Ferdinand, a talented violinist, traveled to London accompanied by Christoph Willibald Gluck .
  • Franz Joseph Maximilian von Lobkowitz (1772–1816), his son, 7th Prince Lobkowicz, last Duke of Sagan (sold to the Duke of Courland in 1786), in 1786 1st Duke of Raudnitz, ⚭ Princess Maria Karoline zu Schwarzenberg, daughter of Prince Johann I. zu Schwarzenberg
  • Ferdinand Joseph (1797–1868), his son, 8th Prince Lobkowicz, Duke of Raudnitz, ⚭ Princess Maria of Liechtenstein
  • Moritz (1831–1903), his son, 9th Prince Lobkowicz, Duke of Raudnitz, ⚭ Princess Maria Anna zu Oettingen-Oettingen a. Oettingen-Wallerstein, daughter of Prince Friedrich Kraft
  • Ferdinand Zdenko von Lobkowitz (1858–1938), his son, until 1918 10th and last Prince Lobkowicz, Duke of Raudnitz, ⚭ Countess Anna Bertha von Neipperg, daughter of Count Erwin von Neipperg

Second line (1722-1802)

Owner of the family estate since 1918

The Czechoslovak Republic revoked the titles of nobility on December 10, 1918. According to German nobility law , which also applies to the former crown lands of the Habsburg monarchy and is officially documented in the Genealogical Handbook of the Nobility , the head of the house continues to bear the nobility title Prince Lobkowicz, Duke of Raudnitz and the other members of the house the title Prince or Princess (addressed Your Highness ). In Belgium, the Lobkowicz with the equivalent salutation "Altesse Sérénissime" belong to the princely and ducal noble families by royal Belgian decree of August 31, 1957 and diploma of February 12, 1958.

  • Ferdinand Zdenko (previously 10th Prince) Lobkowicz (1858–1938), see above
  • Max (imilian) Lobkowicz (1888–1967), his son, ⚭ Gillian Margaret Somerville; Expropriated by the Nazi regime in 1939, restitution in 1945, again expropriated by the communist regime in 1948
  • Martin Lobkowicz (born 1928), ⚭ Margaret Brooks Juett; received most of the property back under the 1991 restitution laws
  • William Lobkowicz, his son. He is the current owner of the Lobkowicz Palace in Prague Castle (on the Hradschin ), where he has set up an important art history museum. He has his private residence in the Nelahozeves Castle and is also the owner of the Střekov Castle .

Heads of the Lobkowicz House

  • Jaroslav Lobkowicz (1877–1953), cousin of the 10th prince, after Max Lobkowicz resigned he became head of the Lobkowicz family, ⚭ Maria Theresia Ernestine Countess von Beaufort-Spontin
  • Bedřich (Friedrich) Lobkowicz (1907–1954), his son
  • Jaroslav Lobkowicz (1910–1985), his brother, ⚭ Gabrielle Countess von Korff , called Schmising-Kerssenbrock
  • Jaroslav Lobkowicz (* 1942), his son, politician, owner of Křimice Castle in Pilsen , ⚭ Elizabeth de Vienne

coat of arms

  • The family coat of arms ( seal of Nikolaus Popel von Lobkowitz auf Hassenstein from 1456) shows a silver field with a red shield head . On the helmet with the red and silver blankets there is a red quiver (overturned pointed hat) with a silver ostrich feather protruding from it.
  • The increased coat of arms from 1479 is quartered. Fields 1 and 4 show the family coat of arms, 2 and 3 the Žírotín coat of arms, because Nicholas II had an heir daughter from the Bohemian family Žerotín (not to be confused with the Moravian Zierotin ) as a wife: to the right angled (crowned) black eagle with a golden one Clover moon on the chest, in silver.
  • The princely coat of arms: shield split and divided twice (six fields), with applied, quartered heart shield , like the increased coat of arms of 1479.
  1. The field of the main shield shows the coat of arms of von Pernstein, who were related by marriage to the Lobkowitzes ( ancestor of the princely house of Lobkowitz Polyxena von Lobkowicz née von Pernstein ) - in gold, a forward-facing, black aurochs head with a golden reed and red tongue.
  2. Field: ( Duchy of Sagan , which Wenzel Eusebius von Lobkowicz had bought in 1646): in red a forward-facing, hands-supporting, gold-clad, gold-curled, otherwise natural-colored angel with green wings, wide sleeves and a silver belt (original small helmet from the coat of arms of Duchy).
  3. Field: In blue, above a silver triangle rock, three gold stars as the new coat of arms of the County of Sternstein , which has been ruled since 1641 , the former rule of Neustadt (an der Waldnaab) .
  4. Field: In blue, a crowned golden lion (original coat of arms of the Duchy of Sagan , with an angel as a helmet jewel); Albrecht von Waldstein ( Wallenstein ) already combined the two characters in the shield as the Duke of Sagan.
  5. Field: In gold, three black posts , supposedly awarded because of the dignity of the imperial prince . Stars, triangles and stakes were, however, the coat of arms of the princes of Sternstein (Störnstein and Neustadt).
  6. Field: In gold, a black eagle (the Silesian eagle ), with a silver chest crescent, which is set in the cavity with silver crosses and runs in clover-studded tips, because of the Duchy of Glogau , which was previously united with Sagan .

Four golden, crowned helmets rest on the shield . Helmet 1: Lobkowitz's helmet ornament . Helmet 2: the Pernstein aurochs head. Helmet 3: belonging to Sternstein: six little red-bordered, silver flags, on red sticks, and helmet 4: a shield (umbrella board) sheathed in red and silver and topped with peacock fronds of three feathers, belonging to the Silesian Sagan (from the coat of arms of Duchy of Glogau ).

  • coat of arms

  • Coat of arms of those von Lobkowitz-Hassenstein from Scheibler's book of arms

  • Alliance coats of arms Proskau (left) and Lobkowitz (right) in Opole

  • Princely Lobkowitz coat of arms

Well-known namesake

Name bearers of the past

Name bearers of the present

Lobkowicz family palace

The Lobkowitz Palace in Vienna
Lobkowitz Palace , Lesser Town in Prague, seat of the German Embassy

The following Lobkowicz castles can currently be visited:

  • The Lobkowicz Palace in Prague Castle was previously regarded by the Czech government as part of the Hradschins and thus as state property, but was ultimately restituted to the Lobkowicz family. William Lobkowicz has been exhibiting part of his art collections there since 2007 and organizing concerts. The palace is located in the easternmost part of the castle area on Georgigasse / Jiřská (access from the Lesser Town / Malá Strana: Alte Schlossstiege / Staré zámecké schody).
  • The Lobkowicz Palace near the Hradschin, next to the Schönborn Palace on Vlašská Street, not to be confused with the aforementioned one, is the seat of the German embassy in Prague. This is where Hans-Dietrich Genscher's historic appearance took place in 1989 .
  • Today's Schwarzenberg Palace (Prague) was built in 1545–1567 for the Lobkowitz family and in 1719 came to the Schwarzenbergs
  • At the renaissance castle Nelahozeves , about 25 km north of Prague on the Vltava , the William Lobkowicz family exhibits another part of their art and weapons collections and their family history.
  • The castle Roudnice (Raudnitz) in Roudnice nad Labem , which was restituted to the William Lobkowicz family, has restricted access to the interior.
  • In Vienna, in the city center, opposite the Albertina , there is another Palais Lobkowitz , today the seat of the Austrian Theater Museum.
  • Eisenberg Castle ( Jezeří ) in northwestern Bohemia belonged to the Lobkowitz family for a long time. After 1990 it was returned to a branch of the family, but given to the Czech Republic . It is now open to the public.
  • Maxlrain Castle in Bavaria.

Czech properties returned to the family after 1990

After the Velvet Revolution, various branches of the family was transferred back to a series of possessing, in particular, the Lobkowicz Palace in the Prague Castle (now a museum), Nelahozeves (now a museum), Schloss Roudnice (Raudnitz) Střekov (Schreckenstein), Castle Křimice in Pilsen , Mělník Castle (winery) with Hořín Castle, Bílina Castle and Drahenice Castle, Dolní Beřkovice Castle (today the Thurn and Taxis family ), as well as the Jezeří Castle (Eisenberg) and Vysoký Chlumec Castle , which were later sold again .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lobkowicz'sches archive in Raudnitz ad Elbe.
  2. ^ František Palacký: Archive český
  3. ↑ Little Chronicle. (...) Friedrich Lobkowitz †. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 21051/1923, April 19, 1923, p. 7, top center. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp.
  4. ^ Elisabeth Th. Hilscher, Elisabeth Maier, Christian Fastl: Lobkowitz (Lobkowicz), family. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 3, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-7001-3045-7 .
  5. ^ Joseph von Riegger , Archive of History and Statistics, especially von Böhmen , Volume 1, Dresden 1792, p. 440 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  6. ↑ List corrected from: The Lobkowicz House Art Collections. Scala Publishers in cooperation with the art collections of the House of Lobkowicz, London 2007, ISBN 978-1-85759-525-3 , p. 4
  7. ↑ Till Janzer: Time of decline - the Bohemian nobility in the 20th century. Radio Praha website, broadcast on December 27, 2008
  8. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume VII, Volume 97 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1989, cf. also Heraldry in Belgium, section Titles and Nobility ( Memento from September 1, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  9. ↑ Die Kunstsammlungen, p. 4
  10. ↑ Johann Matthias Steidlin : Genealogical Heraldic State Calender: In 1720 , Augsburg 1720, p 17 (Explanation of the arms; digitized in the Google Book Search).
  11. ^ J. Siebmacher's Wappenbuch, 1st volume, 3rd section, 1st row, Nuremberg 1878
  12. ↑ Local. Princess Caroline Lobkowicz † .. In:  Badener Zeitung , December 18, 1929, p. 2 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / bzt
  13. ↑ Die Kunstsammlungen, p. 65