Miskolc

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Miskolc
Miskolc coat of arms
Miskolc (Hungary)
Miskolc
Miskolc
Basic data
State : Hungary
Region : Northern Hungary
County : Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
Small area until December 31, 2012 : Miskolc
District since 1.1.2013 : Miskolc
Coordinates : 48 ° 6 ′  N , 20 ° 47 ′  E Coordinates: 48 ° 6 ′ 20 ″  N , 20 ° 47 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 130  m
Area : 84.157  km²
Residents : 168,075 (Jan. 1, 2011)
Population density : 1,997 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code : (+36) 46
Postal code : 3500-3549
KSH kódja: 30456
Structure and administration (status: 2014)
Community type : city
Mayor : Ákos Kriza (Fidesz-KDNP)
Postal address : Városház tér 8.
3525 Miskolc
Website :
(Source: A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévkönyve 2011. január 1st at Központi statisztikai hivatal )
Miskolc around 1840
Aerial view of Miskolc
Elizabeth bath
The Újmassa iron smelting furnace

Miskolc [ 'miʃkolʦ ] ( German  Mischkolz ), the county seat of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county , is located in the north-east of Hungary . With a population of 159,554 (2015), Miskolc is the fourth largest city in Hungary after Budapest , Debrecen and Szeged and one of the 23 cities with county law . Miskolc is located on the eastern foothills of the Bükk Mountains.

The city is the center of northern Hungary , one of the seven regions in Hungary.

history

Miskolc was inhabited as early as the Neolithic , the oldest archaeological finds are already 70,000 years old. The oldest known inhabitants of the area were the Celts . In place of the Diósgyőr Castle, which still exists today, a fortress stood before the Magyars settled here .

The city got its name from the old Hungarian extended family Miskóc and was already mentioned in the Gesta Hungarorum of an author unknown by name in 1173: "que nunc uocatur miscoucy". The Miskóc family lost these areas in 1312 because they had supported the Máté Csák in the battles against King Charles I. Robert . The king now allocated the land to the Széchy family, under whose leadership the village developed into a city.

Miskolc received the official status of a town in 1365 from King Ludwig , who also had the Diósgyőr castle renovated and declared it the property of the crown. The city remained in royal hands until 1848.

Miskolc developed quickly. In the 15th century the city already had 2,000 inhabitants, but this rapid development slowed down during the Ottoman conquest. The city was liberated from Turkish rule in 1687.

In 1724 Miskolc was named Borsod county center . The first census took place in 1786 and it showed that the city had 2,414 houses and 14,179 inhabitants at the time.

The most important buildings were built during the 18th and 19th centuries, such as the town hall, the county house, a theater or the synagogue .

The Treaty of Trianon , which was concluded after the First World War , triggered heavy immigration when thousands of optants moved to Miskolc from the newly formed Czechoslovakia . In 1919 Miskolc was briefly the capital of the Slovak Soviet Republic , which had withdrawn from Košice .

During the Second World War , the city developed into an industrial center. The first air raid by the Red Army reached the city on June 2, 1944.

In 1945 Miskolc, Hejőcsaba and Diósgyőr were united - this gave rise to today's Nagy-Miskolc (Greater Miskolc). In 1949 the University of Miskolc was founded by a resolution of the Hungarian Parliament .

In the 1990s, Miskolc lost its important role in industry.

Demographics

year population Remarks
1786 14,179
1850 16,345
1870 21.199
1891 30,408
1930 61,559 Before the Treaty of Trianon (1920), Miskolc was the twelfth largest city, then the sixth largest.
1941 77,362
1950 100,000 The second largest Hungarian city since 1949
1960 144.217
1965 163,600
1985 211,600 So far the highest number of inhabitants
1996 191,885
2001 180.282
2005 175,701
2015 159,554
Demographic development of the city of Miskolc

According to the data of the 2001 census, the city has 180,282 inhabitants, of which 95.7% Hungarians , 2.2% Roma , 0.3% Slovaks , 0.3% Germans , 0.1% Greeks and 1.4% are other ethnic groups.

In 2001 there were 73,508 apartments in the city.

Town twinning

Tram lines 1 and 2 (discarded Wiener Linien tram ) on Széchenyi Street
New tram
(type: Škoda 26 THu3)
Neoplan bus, Centroliner N4522
Lillafüred forest railway

traffic

Worth seeing

The Lillafüred waterfall, the largest waterfall in Hungary
The ruins of Diosgyor Castle

Sports

In 2009 the orienteering world championships were held in the region around Miskolc.

Miskolc is known nationwide in motorcycle racing for its speedway races.

The ice hockey club DVTK Jegesmedvék takes part in the Hungarian ice hockey league and the first league . In 2015 he won the triple of the MOL league , Hungarian championship and cup victory .

sons and daughters of the town

Climate table

Miskolc
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
27
 
0
-6
 
 
28
 
4th
-4
 
 
32
 
10
-1
 
 
40
 
17th
4th
 
 
65
 
22nd
9
 
 
83
 
25th
12
 
 
60
 
27
14th
 
 
65
 
26th
13
 
 
41
 
22nd
10
 
 
34
 
16
5
 
 
43
 
7th
1
 
 
36
 
2
-4
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: WMO ; wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Miskolc
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 0.0 3.7 10.1 16.7 21.6 24.5 26.5 25.9 22.0 15.8 7.4 1.9 O 14.7
Min. Temperature (° C) -6.3 -3.9 -0.6 4.3 9.0 12.3 13.6 13.0 9.5 4.5 0.7 -3.7 O 4.4
Precipitation ( mm ) 27 28 32 40 65 83 60 65 41 34 43 36 Σ 554
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 1.3 2.5 4.1 5.9 7.2 7.5 8.2 7.6 6.0 4.6 1.8 1.2 O 4.8
Rainy days ( d ) 5 6th 6th 7th 9 10 8th 7th 5 5 7th 6th Σ 81
Humidity ( % ) 87 83 75 68 71 71 70 73 76 80 86 88 O 77.3
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
0.0
-6.3
3.7
-3.9
10.1
-0.6
16.7
4.3
21.6
9.0
24.5
12.3
26.5
13.6
25.9
13.0
22.0
9.5
15.8
4.5
7.4
0.7
1.9
-3.7
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		27
28
32
40
65
83
60
65
41
34
43
36
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: WMO ; wetterkontor.de

literature

  • Miskolc , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , pp. 485f.

Web links

Commons : Miskolc  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Miskolc  - travel guide

credentials

  1. ↑ Hannes Hofbauer / David X. Noack: Slovakia: Der mühsame Weg nach Westen , Vienna 2012, p. 42. ISBN 978-3-85371-349-5
  2. ↑ Miskolc: Testvérvárosok. City of Miskolc, accessed June 5, 2018 (Hungarian).