Music year 1734

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Overview of the music years
Further events

Music year 1734
On December 25th, the first cantata of the Christmas Oratorio (BWV 248) by Johann Sebastian Bach will be premiered by the St. Thomas Choir in Leipzig. By January 1735, the entire work was premiered in the two main churches in Leipzig, Nikolaikirche and Thomaskirche.

Events

Johann Sebastian Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach has been the Thomaskantor and musical director of the Thomaskirche in Leipzig since May 30, 1723 . In 1729 he also took over the management of the Collegium musicum founded by Georg Philipp Telemann in 1701 . Through the additional management of the college, he considerably expands his scope in Leipzig's musical life. With this student ensemble he performs German and Italian instrumental and vocal music, including his own concerts that he wrote in Weimar and Köthen, which he will later transform into harpsichord concerts with up to four soloists. The concerts take place once or twice a week in the Zimmermannisches Caffee-Hauß (destroyed in the war in 1943) or in the associated garden.

The chronicle of the city of Leipzig for October 6, 1734 reports on the death of the trumpet soloist Gottfried Reiche the day before.

April 23 (Good Friday): Under the direction of Johann Sebastian Bach, Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel's Passion Oratorio, composed in Gotha in 1720 , sounds in the Thomaskirche in Leipzig. A little lamb goes and bears the guilt.

July ?: The church cantata In all my Tates (BWV 97) by Johann Sebastian Bach is premiered in Leipzig.

October 5th : On the occasion of the visit of the Saxon Elector and King of Poland August III. In Leipzig, Bach's secular cantata prices your luck, blessed Saxony (BWV 215) will be premiered. The trumpet soloist Gottfried Reiche collapses dead on the street the next day, which is associated with the exertion at the celebrations.
November 21 : The cantata Thomana sat sadly (BWV Anh. 19) is performed on the occasion of the welcome by Johann August Ernesti as rector of the Thomas School in Leipzig . The text probably comes from Johann August Landvoigt .

December 25th : The first cantata of the Christmas Oratorio by Johann Sebastian Bach is premiered by the St. Thomas Choir in Leipzig. By January 1735, the entire work was premiered in the two main churches in Leipzig, Nikolaikirche and Thomaskirche .

around 1734: Based on a poem by Picander, Johann Sebastian Bach composes the secular cantata Schweigt stille, nicht chattert (BWV 211), also known as the “coffee cantata ”.

georg Friedrich Handel

Georg Friedrich Handel , who founded the “second opera academy” together with Johann Jacob Heidegger in 1729 , is the musical director of this successor organization to the Royal Academy of Music .

Handel has lived in London at 25 Brook Street since July / August 1723 and lived here on two floors until his death in 1759. Almost all works created since 1723 are composed in this house. Preparations for the performances often take place in the Handel dining room .

January 4th : The Dramma per musica Arbace by Georg Friedrich Händel has its world premiere at the King's Theater on the Haymarket in London. The pasticcio is the adaptation of Pietro Metastasio's successful libretto Artaserse based on Leonardo Vinci's opera . Giovanni Carestini and Anna Maria Strada sing the main roles. The work is somewhat more successful than the first two pasticcis of the season. The Opera of the Nobility under Nicola Antonio Porpora responded six months later with a pastiche processing of Johann Adolf Hasse Artaserse , the second famous setting of the text by Pietro Metastasio, and thus achieved in the first performance on October 29 and the following performances a quite extraordinary success. The famous castrato Farinelli has his breakthrough in London. The extended version of the pasticcio with a series of arias penned by Porpora, Attilio Ariosti and Farinelli's brother Riccardo Broschi gave the aristocratic opera such an influx that Handel's staff had to play several times in front of an almost empty house.

January 26th : The opera Arianna in Creta by George Frideric Handel is premiered at London's King's Theater . The libretto, whose author is unknown, is based on the literary model Arianna e Teseo by Pietro Pariati . The soprano Anna Maria Strada and the mezzo-soprano Giovanni Carestini sing the leading roles.

March 13 : On the occasion of the wedding of Princess Anne to William IV of Orange, the serenata Il Parnasso in festa is premiered. It is Handel's last world premiere at the King's Theater . The couple's actual wedding takes place on March 25th .

July 6th : The long-term contract between Johann Jacob Heidegger and Georg Friedrich Händel for the lease of the King's Theater on Haymarket expires. This is taken over by the Opera of the Nobility . Handel reacts quickly and turns to John Rich, who has built a new theater, the Theater Royal in Covent Garden , with the proceeds from the Beggar Opera . Rich agrees to a game plan in which his plays and pantomimes should alternate with Handel's operas.

December 18 : Handel's first opera at the Theater Royal in Covent Garden is the Dramma per Musica Oreste , a pasticcio compiled from Handel's earlier operas . Taking advantage of the presence of the famous choreographer and dancer Marie Sallé and her company in London , the composer has furnished it with extensive ballet scenes.

Georg Friedrich Handel publishes his six Concerti grossi op. 3, which were written much earlier on different occasions.

Domenico Scarlatti

Domenico Scarlatti is the Portuguese princess Maria Bárbara de Bragança , whom he met at the court of the pious and extravagant King John V in Lisbon and taught as a music teacher, after her marriage to the Spanish heir to the throne Don Fernando of Asturias (from 1746 King Ferdinand VI. ) followed to Spain. From October 1730 to May 16, 1733, the Alcázares Reales in Seville was his permanent residence and place of work. Then the farm moves north to the area around Madrid , where, depending on the season, it alternates between the castles of Buen Retiro , El Pardo , Aranjuez , La Granja and El Escorial .

Georg Philipp Telemann

Georg Philipp Telemann has been Cantor Johannei and Director Musices of the city of Hamburg since 1721 , one of the most respected musical offices in Germany. In this position Telemann undertook to compose two cantatas per week and one passion per year, but in later years he would fall back on earlier works for his cantatas. He also composes numerous pieces of music for private and public occasions, such as memorial days and weddings.

In addition, Telemann has taken over the management of the Hamburg Opera at Gänsemarkt for an annual salary of 300 thalers , rebuilds the Collegium musicum, which was founded by Matthias Weckmann in 1660 but has since ceased to perform, and also takes on a position as Kapellmeister for the court Margraves of Bayreuth . From time to time he delivers instrumental music and an opera there every year.

Antonio Vivaldi

Antonio Vivaldi has been musical director of the Teatro Sant'Angelo in his hometown of Venice since 1726 . There, both as a composer and as a violin virtuoso, he became a living legend and a “pilgrimage destination” for many musicians from all over Europe.
February 17th : The Dramma per musica in three acts L'Olimpiade by Antonio Vivaldi based on the libretto by Pietro Metastasio and arranged by Bartolomeo Vitturi is premiered at the Teatro Sant'Angelo in Venice . The stage design is by Antonio Mauro and the dances by Giovanni Gallo. At the world premiere, cast soprano Francesco Bilancioni (Megacle) and Mariano Nicolini (Aminta), contralto Anna Caterina Della Parte (Aristea), Marta Arrigoni (Argene) and Angiola Zanucchi (Licida), tenor Marcantonio Mareschi (Clistene) and the bass will sing Massimiliano Miller (Alcandro). The performance received much applause, and the poet was also praised. There was no further performance of the work during Vivaldi's lifetime.

Other biographical events

Giuseppe Matteo Alberti , who has been Kapellmeister of the Church of S. Giovanni in Monte in Bologna since 1726 , is also deputy Kapellmeister under Giacomo Antonio Perti to S. Domenico.
Tomaso Albinoni completed his penultimate opera Candalide in 1734. In Candalide's libretto , he describes this opera as his eightieth. If this information is not an exaggeration, 23 of his stage works must be considered completely lost.
After an unsuccessful application as organist at the Wenzelskirche in Naumburg, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach enrolled at the Brandenburg University of Frankfurt in 1732 , where he became a member of the Collegium musicum there. In addition to his own early compositions, he performs works by his father there, including the overture in D major with the famous Air , the coffee cantata and the harpsichord concerto in D minor (BWV 1052), presumably in a separate arrangement (BWV 1052a).

Gaetano Berenstadt appeared for the last time on an opera stage in 1734 as atalo in Giuseppe Maria Orlandini's Nino / La Semiramide at the Teatro alla Pergola in Florence.

Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville made his first appearance at the Concert spirituel in Paris .

Bartolomeo Nazari - Portrait by Farinelli 1734 - Royal College of Music London

Farinelli visits London to support the influential party against Handel , who founded a rival opera with Nicola Antonio Porpora as composer and Senesino as first singer . But even his mighty help cannot help the company to be successful in the long run. His first appearance at the Lincoln's Inn Fields theater is in the opera Artaserse , the music of which is largely from his brother Riccardo Broschi . He reaps triumphant success; the Prince of Wales and the court shower him with goodwill and gifts. Farinelli will stay in England for three years.

Louis-Gabriel Guillemain , who was a member of the orchestra at the Lyon Opera from 1729 , becomes concertmaster of the Royal Academy in Dijon on March 29 .

Johann Adolph Hasse and his wife Faustina Bordoni went on a long trip abroad from November 1734 to January 1737. The destination of this trip is Venice, where Hasse has a house since 1735. It has not been established whether Hasse was in London at the end of 1734 , where the Opera of the Nobility , which was hostile to Georg Friedrich Händel and directed by Nicola Antonio Porpora, played an adaptation of his Artaserse . According to some sources, Hasse is said to have turned down an invitation to London on the grounds that he was unable to compete against Handel.

Johann Melchior Molter follows an appointment as Kapellmeister and successor to Johann Adam Birkenstock at the court of Saxony-Eisenach . Many secular and spiritual vocal compositions are created here, most of which have been lost.

Giovanni Battista Pergolesi was appointed deputy to the royal conductor Domenico Sarro in Naples on February 23, with the option to succeed him in the event of Sarro's death. After the retreat of the Austrians (who had ruled the city since 1707) and the arrival of Charles of Bourbon as Viceroy Charles III. on May 10th Pergolesi follows the Prince of Stigliano to Rome . There a relative of the prince, Domenico Marzio Carafa , Duke of Maddaloni , appoints him as his conductor. On behalf of the Duke, Pergolesi composes the double-choir Mass in F major, which will be performed on May 16 in the Church of San Lorenzo in Lucina. Back in Naples, on October 25th, Pergolesi's new opera Adriano will be released in Siria at the Teatro San Bartolomeo on the occasion of the Spanish Queen's birthday . Pergolesi wrote the main role according to the wishes of the castrato star Caffarelli (Gaetano Majorano), who achieves a great personal success, while the piece as a whole fails

World premieres

Stage works

Opera

January 4th : The Dramma per musica Arbace by Georg Friedrich Händel has its world premiere at the King's Theater on the Haymarket in London. The pasticcio is the adaptation of Pietro Metastasio's successful libretto Artaserse based on Leonardo Vinci's opera . Giovanni Carestini and Anna Maria Strada sing the main roles.

January 26th : The opera Arianna in Creta (HWV 32) by Georg Friedrich Handel is premiered at London's King's Theater . The libretto, whose author is unknown, is based on the literary model Arianna e Teseo by Pietro Pariati . The soprano Anna Maria Strada and the mezzo-soprano Giovanni Carestini sing the leading roles.

February 17th : The Dramma per musica in three acts L'Olimpiade by Antonio Vivaldi based on the libretto by Pietro Metastasio and arranged by Bartolomeo Vitturi is premiered at the Teatro Sant'Angelo in Venice .

February 20th : The Dramma per musica Merope by Geminiano Giacomelli based on the libretto by Apostolo Zeno has its world premiere at the Teatro San Giovanni Crisostomo in Venice .

February 22 : The first performance of the opera The Tragedy of Chrononhotonthologos of Henry Carey takes place in London.

March 3 : At the Theater am Gänsemarkt in Hamburg, the world premiere of Pasticcios Circe by Reinhard Keizer based on the libretto by Johann Philipp Praetorius based on Jan Jacob van Mauritius. The pasticcio contains music by Leonardo Vinci , Geminiano Giacomelli , Johann Adolf Hasse and other composers.

March 13 : On the occasion of the wedding of Princess Anne to William IV of Orange, the Serenata Il Parnasso in festa (HWV 73) is premiered. It is Georg Friedrich Handel's last world premiere at the King's Theater . The couple's actual wedding takes place on March 25th .

April 8th : La Betulia liberata , the libretto for an azione sacra in two parts by Pietro Metastasio is premiered in the setting by Georg Reutter in the Hofburgkapelle in Vienna.

May 18 : The opera Il pastor fido (HWV 8c) by Georg Friedrich Handel, the original version of which dates from 1712, will be performed in a revised version in the King's Theater on Haymarket. Handel reworked the work by including a number of movements from the recently composed Serenata Il Parnasso in festa and from other operas in the score.

May: The opera Il Demetrio by Francesco Araja based on the libretto by Pietro Metastasio is premiered at the Teatro delle Grazie in Vicenza .

October 1 : The opera La gratitudine di Mitridate by Georg Reutter the Younger based on the libretto by Giovanni Claudio Pasquini is premiered.

October 25 : The opera Adriano in Siria by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi is premiered at the Teatro San Bartolomeo in Naples on the occasion of the Spanish Queen's birthday .

October 29th : The pasticcio arrangement by Johann Adolf Hasse's Artaserse , the second famous setting of Pietro Metastasio's text, is performed by the Opera of the Nobility in the King's Theater on Haymarket in London. The opera was expanded into a pasticcio with a series of interleaving arias penned by Porpora, Attilio Ariosti and Farinelli's brother Riccardo Broschi .

November 4th : In the setting by Antonio Caldara , Pietro Metastasio's libretto La clemenza di Tito on the occasion of the celebration of the name day of Emperor Charles VI. First performed at the Court Theater in Vienna.

November 19 : The opera Dafne, festa teatrale by Georg Reutter the Younger based on the libretto by Giovanni Claudio Pasquini is premiered.

December 4 : The pasticcio Siface by Giuseppe Sellitto based on the libretto by Pietro Metastasio with music by Leonardo Vinci , Nicola Antonio Porpora , Geminiano Giacomelli , Johann Adolph Hasse and others is performed in the Teatro San Bartolomeo (according to the libretto, according to Corago in the Teatro San Carlo ) first performed in Naples.

December 18 : Handel's first opera at the Theater Royal in Covent Garden is the Dramma per Musica Oreste , a pasticcio compiled from Handel's earlier operas . Taking advantage of the presence of the famous choreographer and dancer Marie Sallé and her company in London , the composer has furnished it with extensive ballet scenes.

Francesco Araja - La forza dell'amore e dell'odio (world premiere in Milan)
Antonio Caldara - Le Lodi d'Augusto
Giovanni Battista Costanzi
- La Pertenope (Dramma per musica; libretto by Silvio Stampiglia ; world premiere in Rome)
- La Flora (Dramma pastorale; first performance in Rome)
Johann Adolf Hasse - Larinda e Vanesio ( Intermezzo )

Antonio Caldara - Demetrio - title page of the libretto - Wolfenbüttel 1734
Antonio Caldara - La clemenza di Tito - title page of the libretto - Vienna 1734
Geminiano Giacomelli - Merope - Title page of the libretto - Venice 1734
George Frideric Handel - Arianna in Creta - Title page of the libretto - London 1734
Georg Friedrich Handel - Rodelinda - title page of the libretto - Hamburg 1734
Giovanni Battista Pergolesi - Adriano in Siria - Title Page of the Libretto - Naples 1734
Giovanni Battista Pergolesi - Lo frate 'nnamorato - Title page of the libretto - Naples 1734
Antonio Vivaldi - L'olimpiade - Title page of the libretto - Vienna 1734

Oratorio

April 8 : The oratorio La Betulia liberata by Georg Reutter the Younger based on the libretto by Pietro Metastasio is premiered in the Hofburg Chapel in Vienna.
December 25th : The first cantata of the Christmas Oratorio by Johann Sebastian Bach is premiered by the St. Thomas Choir in Leipzig. By January 1735, the entire work was premiered in the two main churches in Leipzig, Nikolaikirche and Thomaskirche .
Francesco Feo - S. Francesci di Sales
Jean-Joseph Fiocco - Giesù flagellato
Johann Adolph Hasse - Il cantico de 'tre fanciulli (libretto by Stefano Pallavicini ; world premiere in Dresden)
Giovanni Battista Martini - Litaniae atque antiphonae finales BV Mariae

Instrumental music

Concerts

Jaques Aubert - Op. 17, 6 concertos for four violins, cello and B. c.
Christoph Graupner - Overture in G major (GWV 466)
Georg Friedrich Händel - 6 Concerti Grossi, Op. 3 (John Walsh, London)
Johann Melchior Molter - Sonata grossa in D major (MWV 4.5)
Georg Philipp Telemann - 6 concerts and 6 suites
Antonio Vivaldi - Violin Concerto in C major (RV 177)

Chamber music

Jaques Aubert
- Op. 15, pieces for 2 violins or flutes
- Op. 16, “Les petits concerts” for hurdy-gurdy, musettes, violins and oboes
Joseph Bodin de Boismortier
- Op. 50: 6 Sonates dont la derniere est en Trio (Paris)
- Op. 51: 6 Sonates pour une flûte traversière et un violon par accords (Paris)
- Op. 52: 4 Balets de Village en Trio, Pour les Musettes, Vieles, Flutes à-bec, Violons, Haubois, ou Flutes traversieres (Paris)
Giovanni Battista Somis
- Op. 5: six sonata a tre for two violins and violoncello / harpsichord (Paris)
- Op. 6: twelve sonata da camera for violin and violoncello / harpsichord (Paris)

flute

Johann Joachim Quantz - 6 flute sonatas (RISM Q.19)

violin

Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville - 6 Trio Sonatas, Op. 2
Jean-Marie Leclair - 12 Violin Sonatas, Op.5
Giuseppe Tartini - Violin Sonatas, Op. 1
Georg Philipp Telemann
- Pyrmont spa week
- 12 solos à violon or traversiere avec la basse chiffrée
Carlo Tessarini - Il maestro e discepolo , Op. 2

Keyboard music

harpsichord

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach - Concerto for harpsichord in E flat major, H.404
Michel Corrette - Premier Livre de Pièces pour le Clavecin , Op. 12
Jean-François Dandrieu - Troisième Livre de Pièces de Clavecin (8 Suites) (Paris)
Pierre Février - Pièces de clavecin, Book 1

Vocal music

Spiritually

Johann Michael Bach - Do not be afraid
Johann Sebastian Bach
- Cantata In all my deeds (BWV 97)
- 3 chorales for weddings (BWV 250–252)
- 149 Chorales (D-LEb Peters Ms. R 18)
Antonio Caldara - Il giuoco del quadriglio
Christoph Graupner
- Repent and let everyone (GWV 1104/34)
- Lord, the rivers of water arise (GWV 1115/34)
Giovanni Battista Pergolesi - Mass in F major (first performance in the Church of San Lorenzo in Lucina on May 16 )
Antonio Vivaldi - Vengo a voi, luci adorate (RV 682)

Worldly

Johann Sebastian Bach
- Cantata Be silent, do not chat (BWV 211)
- Cantata Prices your luck, blessed Saxony (BWV 215)
- Cantata Thomana sat still sad (BWV Anh. 19)
Jean-Baptiste Morin - La chasse du cerf
Antonio Vivaldi - Cantata Vengo a voi luci adorate (RV 682)

Instrument making

Antonio Stradivarius
- Makes the violins habeneck (approx. 1734), Ames , Baron von Feilitzsch and Hercules (also in Hebrew Kinor David)
- Gibson completes the viola.

Gottfried Silbermann
- completes the organ in the village church in Etzdorf (1734 at the latest)
- starts building the organ
  - in the town church St. Petri in Freiberg
  - in the Friedenskirche (village church) in Ponitz and
  - in the town church in Frauenstein

Born

January 13 : Luka Sorkočević , Croatian diplomat and composer († 1789 )
January 17 : François-Joseph Gossec , Walloon-French composer († 1829 )
February 20 : Franz Ignaz Beck , German composer († 1809 )
March 18 (baptized): Joseph Schmitt , German composer and music publisher († 1791 )
May 28 : Christoph Sonnleithner , Austrian lawyer and composer († 1786 )
June 15 : Johann Ernst Altenburg , German composer, organist and trumpeter († 1801 )
June 28 : Jean-Jacques Beauvarlet-Charpentier , French organist and composer († 1794 )
August 30 : Johann Heinrich Breul , German composer, violinist, organist and music director († 1783 )
September 23 : Ernst Christoph Dressler , German composer, tenor, violinist and music theorist († 1779 )
October 13 : Maciej Kamieński , Polish composer († 1821 )
December 18 : Jean-Baptiste Rey , French composer, conductor and opera director († 1810 )

Exact date of birth unknown

Philipp Ernst Wegmann , German organ builder († 1778 )

Died

February 26 : Marianna Benti Bulgarelli , Italian opera singer (* around 1684 )
March 1 : Roger North , English lawyer, biographer and music theorist (* 1653 )
before March 6 : Luigi Antinori , Italian opera singer, tenor (* around 1697 )
March 9 : Karlmann Pachschmidt , Austrian Benedictine and composer (* 1700 )
March 16 : Andreas Silbermann , German organ builder in Alsace (* 1678 )
April 30th : Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki , Polish composer (* between 1664 and 1667)
June 13 : Nicolaus Vetter , German organist and composer (* 1666 )