Natural areas in the Marburg-Biedenkopf district

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The Hessian district of Marburg-Biedenkopf , which lies within the low mountain range threshold, is, like most historical-political regions, a heterogeneous collection of adjacent natural areas . Particularly well-known are the highest elevation of the Bagpipe at 674 m on the north-western border of the district north of Biedenkopf , the large forest area of ​​the Burgwald in the north, the Lahnberge in the eastern part of the city of Marburg and the Amöneburg basin to the east with the singular Amöneburg , which merges northeast into the Neustädter Sattel where the Rhine-Weser watershed is crossed.

The western half of the district is occupied by the more montane Gladenbacher Bergland , which crosses the border to the historical hinterland at the 498 m high Rimberg and in the west reaches 609 m just beyond the district boundary at the Angelburg .

Natural structure

The district area of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district lies at the junction of three large low mountain ranges. A valley basin running in north-south direction, which stretches from the north of the district over the Wetschaft basin (Münchhausen, Wetter, Lahntal), after crossing the Lahn overflow into the Elnhausen-Michelbach basin (western Marburg districts) and Finally, in the south of the district (near Weimar and Fronhausen), the Lahn valley meets again and is extended in the Giessen basin , separating the foothills of the Rhenish Slate Mountains in the west from the landscapes of the West Hessian mountain and depression region in the east.

The Upper Lahn Valley west of Sterzhausen in turn divides the Rhenish Slate Mountains foothills in an east-west direction into those of the Rothaar Mountains in the northwest and those of the (natural) Westerwald in the west and southwest of the district.

Bagpipe and foreheads

The north-west of the district is part of the main unit group Süderbergland (33 or D38) with the altitude focus in the Rothaargebirge ("Hochsauerland", main unit 333). The Rothaargebirge in the true sense of the word only includes the immediate vicinity of the 674 m high bagpipe , the summit of which is already on the northern border of the district with Waldeck-Frankenberg .

On the other hand, the sackpipe foothills adjoining in the south-east belong to the eastern Sauerland mountain range (332).

Only the Biedenkopfer districts of Engelbach , Dexbach and Katzenbach are really located in the interior of the fore hills (or Dexbach even at the immediate interface with the Rothaar Mountains); all other localities only touch this natural area from the Upper Lahn valley.

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View from the Christenberg in the Burgwald onto the bagpipe and its forecourt ; in front of it the Wetschaft depression

Gladenbacher Bergland

The Gladenbacher Bergland (main unit 320), which occupies the west and south-west of the district, is naturally part of the Westerwald (main unit group 32 or D39), but has a certain independence and reaches (just outside the district area) at least 609 m at the Angelburg , in the district itself still around 600 m.

The Obere Lahn valley and the northwestern Damshausen peaks

Upper Lahn valley

Most of the districts of Biedenkopf and Dautphetals as well as the western Lahn valley are located in the Upper Lahn valley , which also includes the Dautphe valley . The z. Sometimes very wide floodplains at this interface between the two large landscapes of the Rhenish Slate Mountains are also used for agriculture.

Lahn-Dill-Bergland

View of Bottenhorn in a slight hollow (485 m upwards). In the background the 609 m high fishing castle .
View from the south-east over the Bottenhorn plateau (at 500 m above sea level) with Bottenhorn and the Angelburg transmitter operated by T-Systems in the west, center right in front of the forest of the special landing area , ICAO code EPGT

As Lahn-Dill-Bergland in natural spatial sense (not to be confused with the homonymous natural park , connected to the about half of the municipalities of the district) refers to the western parts of the montaneren gladenbach uplands. Within the district, these are the Breidenbacher Grund natural areas (up to 562 m) immediately south of the Lahn, the adjacent plateau of the Bottenhorn plateau with the Angelburg (609 m, in the district up to 600 m) and, south of this and through the upper reaches of the salt flats separated, the 500 m high customs beech ridge, which cuts through the (natural) Salzbödetal (see below) to the east . All three natural areas are entirely in the hinterland (former Biedenkopf district ).

The Middle Salzbödetal; in front Wommelshausen , in the right half of the picture the eastern customs beech elevations

On the Zollbuche ridge itself, there is only one part of the district, (Bad Endbach-) Günterod . In contrast, the Bottenhorn plateaus are populated up to heights of 500 m (and also used for arable farming). B. in the eponymous Bad-Endbacher district of Bottenhorn . Most of the districts of Endbach are located on the Upper Salzbödetal, which is part of the customs beech, with its side valleys.

Further north, only the southernmost districts of Steffenberg and Angelburg touch the plateaus, while most of these districts are located in the valleys of the Perf and their left tributaries Gansbach and Hörle in less montane heights of the Breidenbacher Grund, as well as the districts of Breidenbach itself, the z. Some also lie on the left Perf tributary Diete .

Salzbödetal

The low-relief and only to a lesser extent wooded hill country of the Salzbödetal extends northwest to the core town of Bad Endbach and also includes the Vers valley south of the Zollbuche . The most important districts of Gladenbach , all districts of Lohras and some of Weimar are located here .

View from Silberg to the Damshausen peaks with the 498 m high Rimberg

Damshausen peaks and Elnhausen-Michelbacher valley

The Damshausen hilltop area with the 498 m high Rimberg represents a comparatively independent mountainous region with a medium relief, which in the north is similar to the Hessian skittles of the Rhön . On the domed mountain peaks there is mostly beech forest, in the valleys between some mountain groups, on the other hand, intensive agriculture is practiced. In addition to the eponymous Dautphetal district of Damshausen , there are various northeastern districts of Gladenbach , the Weimar district of Nesselbrunn and Marburg- Dilschhausen .

To the east, this practically completely closes off the ridge in the Elnhausen-Michelbacher depression , which is drained to the east via the Allna and its tributary Ohe . In the western districts of Marburg (including the eponymous Elnhausen and Michelbach ) and the northern districts of Weimar , agriculture is intensive.

To the east, the valley flows smoothly into the Marburg Ridge and thus into the West Hessian mountains.

West Hessian mountainous region

The West Hessian Uplands (main unit group 34 or D46) are all landscapes to the west of the Hessian basin that are part of the Hessian Bruchscholle . B. the Schwalm lying a little east of the district is counted, including the valley itself.

While the West Hessian mountainous region northeast of the district in Kellerwald and Habichtswald also reaches montan heights (up to 675 m), in the district only heights of 400 m are reached with a relief energy of around 200 m - but this in practically all parts of the landscape!

Marburg highlands

The Lahntal (here near Roth ) absorbs the region's precipitation when the snow melts or after heavy rainfall, which can lead to floods if the course of the river narrows.

The up to 380 m high mountainous area between the Marburg Ridge in the west and the Lahn Mountains in the east, which is part of the Marburg-Gießener Lahntal (main unit 348) and whose valley zone extends to the south beyond the district area, takes up a large part of the Marburg area and in the north Parts of Cölbe and in the south next to parts of Weimar all districts of Fronhausen .

The parallel formation of the river valley and the two mountain ranges can be seen not least in the fact that the two red sandstone ridges slope sharply towards the Lahn, but comparatively gently in the opposite direction. Analogous to the formation of the Middle Rhine, eastern and western rock layers have shifted against each other until the soil steps were piled up to the side of a central ditch.

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View from Hasenkopf (near Tannenberg barracks) to Marburg ridge (left) and Lahnberge (right)

Wetschaft Depression

Although it is part of the main unit (345) of the Burgwald, the almost completely unforested and, unlike most of the "actual" Burgwald, comparatively fertile landscape of the Wetschaft Depression when used by humans is its stark opposite.

In the districts of Münchhausen , Wetters and Lahntal there is intensive agriculture, in the larger towns in the south there is also industry.

Location map of the castle forest

Burgwald

The Burgwald (main unit 345) is one of the largest contiguous forest areas in Hesse and is roughly half of the (southern) part of the district. The red sandstone land, which is very homogeneous in relief, reaches heights of just over 400 m several times. It is relatively sharply delimited within the district by the rivers Wetschaft (west), (a short piece of Lahn in the southwest,) Ohm (south) and Wohra (east).

The central woodland of the Northern Burgwald is divided in the west by the districts of Wetters and Lahntal-Göttingen (each at the interface with the Wetschaft-Senke), in the east by the Cölber districts of Reddehausen and Schönstadt as well as by Rauschenberg- Bracht and the districts of Wohratals (the latter in the natural area of ​​the same name ) framed. Well-known destinations are u. a. the Mellnau Castle and the Christenberg .

The southern Burgwald , which is smaller in terms of area and separated from the B3, is only forested to a small extent west of Rauschenberg and Kirchhain- Himmelsberg and east of Cölbe- Schwarzenborn and Kirchhain- Sindersfeld . In the northern district of Rauschenberg in particular, there is intensive agriculture.

View from the Amöneburg to the Burgholz ; in the background the Kellerwald .

Upper Hessian threshold

The Upper Hessian Threshold (main unit 346) in the easternmost district, which connects the significantly more montane ridges of Vogelsberg (773 m, south) and Kellerwald (675 m, north), is located at Burgholz , on whose summit the Kirchhain district of the same name is located, 380 m high, while the northerly elevations near Kellerwald also exceed 400 m. These parts of the threshold facing the Kellerwald are also called Gilserberger Heights , while the southern parts ( northern Vogelsberg foreland ) border directly on the Lower Vogelsberg .

The Neustädter Saddle connecting both parts between Stadtallendorf in the west and Neustadt in the east provides the lowest pass of this section of the Rhine-Weser watershed with less than 300 m of the B 454 between Kirchhain and Treysa (the federal road itself is 300 m directly east of Stadtallendorf exceeds). Most of the eastern districts of Kirchhain, the northern districts of Stadtallendorf and all districts of Neustadt are located here and adjacent to it, with the Neustadt districts being the only ones in the district that drain to the Schwalm and thus to the Eder and Weser .

View from the Amöneburg to the southeastern Amöneburg Basin and the front (on the right the 407 m high Mardorfer Kuppe ) and the "actual" Vogelsberg (left in the background).

Lumda plateau

The basalt plateau of the Lumda Plateau (main unit 349, also known as the Vorderer Vogelsberg ) reaches its highest height of 407 m in the district, but only a smaller part is in its territory. The southern districts of Ebsdorfergrund stretch along the upper reaches of the Zwester Ohm from the plateau to the large valley of the Amöneburg basin.

Amöneburg Basin

The Amöneburg Basin (main unit 347) is one of the (clockwise, starting in the west) Lahnberge - (Southern) Burgwald , Upper Hessian Threshold and Lumda Plateau , a valley depression with the 365 m high Amöneburg as the only notable elevation and the Ohm as the central one Flowing waters. Only a small area in the southwest, which essentially consists of the lower districts of Ebsdorfergrund , drains via the Zwester Ohm . The north-eastern Ohm depression directly on the course of the river is naturally separated from the Ebsdorfer Grund , which occupies the south-western half.

Besides most districts Ebsdorfergrunds all parts Amöneburgs, Stadtallendorf- are Schweinsberg , Kirchhain besides many districts, Cölbe- Bürgeln and the eastern Marburger outer neighborhoods Ginseldorf , Bauerbach , Schrock and Moischt in (or at the interface to) completely treeless basin used for intensive agriculture becomes.

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The eastern Amöneburg Basin with Amöneburg (365 m), Burgholz (380 m) and Kellerwald (background); on the right the northern Vogelsberg foreland with the Hochberg (358 m) and the town of Homberg (Ohm)

mountains

The following surveys in the district are known and z. Partly popular as an excursion destination (AT = observation tower):

Surname
 Height
[m. ü. NN]
 Natural
space
 ISIN
digit
 Large
landscape
 place

 Others
Bagpipe 674 Bagpipe 333.3 Süderbergland Biedenkopf-Dexbach Transmitter, AT, amusement park, just outside - highest elevation in the district and Biedenkopf s (here approx. 663 m)
Splendor of the grove 631 Bagpipe 333.3 Süderbergland Biedenkopf
Fishing castle 609 Bottenh. High fl. 320.01 Glad. Bergl. Bad Endbach-Bottenhorn, Angelburg-Lixfeld Transmitter, highest elevation of the Gladenbacher Bergland, just outside - highest elevation Bad Endbach s (here around 600 m) and Angelburg s (here approx. 593 m)
Arenest 592 Bagpipes foreheads 332.0 Süderbergland Biedenkopf-Engelbach
Coal mountain 583 Bagpipes foreheads 332.0 Süderbergland Hatzfeld-Eifa Distinctive double peak, just outside!
Mattenberg 578 Bottenh. High fl. 320.01 Glad. Bergl. Angelburg-Lixfeld Highest elevation in Angelburg located entirely in the municipality
Oh dear 564 Bottenh. High fl. 320.01 Glad. Bergl. Bad Endbach-Schlierbach Highest elevation in Bad Endbach located entirely in the municipality
Hommerichskopf 562 Breidenb. reason 320.00 Glad. Bergl. Breidenbach-Achenbach Highest elevation Breidenbach s and the Breidenbacher Grund at the western interface to the Rothaargebirge
Schwarzenberg 561 Breidenb. reason 320.00 Glad. Bergl. Breidenbach, Biedenkopf Center of a large forest area; second highest, but by far the most important elevation of Breidenbach and the Breidenbacher Grund, only 1 m behind
Madche 560 Bottenh. High fl. 320.01 Glad. Bergl. Angelburg-Gönnern and Steffenberg-Oberhörlen Steffenberg's highest point on a ridge protruding into the Breidenbacher Grund
Daubhaus 552 Bottenh. High fl. 320.01 Glad. Bergl. Gladenbach-Rachelshausen Highest point in Gladenbach s in the extreme east of the plateaus
Nimerich 533 Breidenb. reason 320.00 Glad. Bergl. Dautphetal-Wolfgruben Southeastern Schwarzenberg forest, highest point Dautphetal s
Hollerberg 510 Bagpipes foreheads 332.0 Süderbergland Weather Treisbach Insignificant summit at the southeast foot of the arenest, but the highest elevation Wetter s
Rimberg 498 Damsh. Crests 320.10 Glad. Bergl. Dautphetal-Damshausen and Lahntal-Caldern AT, highest elevation of the Damshausen peaks and Lahntal s
Schönscheid 498 Customs beech 320.05 Glad. Bergl.
Hemmerich 476 Customs beech 320.05 Glad. Bergl. Lohra Lohra s highest point in the east of the customs beech
Wollenberg 474 Bagpipes foreheads 332.0 Süderbergland Southern (western) districts of Wetters and western Lahn Valley The interface between the three major landscapes
Koppe 454 Customs beech 320.05 Glad. Bergl. Gladenbach-Erdhausen AT, triumvirate (with Hemmerich and Koppe) in the far east of the customs beech
Dreisberg 448 Customs beech 320.05 Glad. Bergl. Gladenbach Striking east elevation of the "Dreigestirn" es with Koppe and Hemmerich in the far east of the Zollbuche
calf 425 Bottenh. Tall beech 320.01 / 320.05 Glad. Bergl. AT, north of Bad Endbach
Störner 412 Damsh. Crests 320.10 Glad. Bergl. Marburg-Dilschhausen Insignificant elevation at the southeast foot of the Rimberg, but the highest elevation in Marburg s
Vulture heads 412 Burgwald (North) 345.1 Westh. Bergl. Weather Mellnau Highest elevation of the castle forest in the district; Mellnau Castle with AT at the southwest foot at approx. 340 m; south of the better known, but not very independent saddle head (384 m)
Mardorfer Kuppe 407 Lumda plateau 349.0 Westh. Bergl. Amöneburg-Erfurtshausen Highest elevation of the Lumda plateau and Amöneburg s
Nameless summit 399 Oberh. Schw. (GH) 346.0 Westh. Bergl. Neustadt-Mengsberg Highest elevation Neustadt s (here around 388 m high) in the far north of the district - just outside!
Leidenhöfer head 393 Lumda plateau 349.0 Westh. Bergl. Ebsdorfergrund-Ilschhausen Highest elevation of Ebsdorfergrund , second highest of the Lumda plateau
Christenberg 387 Burgwald (North) 345.1 Westh. Bergl. Munchausen Observation room; Weather district
Bronke head 385 Bagpipes foreheads 332.0 Süderbergland Münchhausen-Oberasphe Münchhausen's highest elevation at the interface with the Wetschaft-Senke
Burgholz 380 Oberh. Schw. (GH) 346.0 Westh. Bergl. Kirchhain-Burgholz AT, highest point Kirchhain s
Ortenberg 380 Lahnberge 348.01 Westh. Bergl. Marburg AT on the west slope, highest point in the Lahn Mountains
Bush horn 379 Oberh. Threshold (NVV) 346.2 Westh. Bergl. Neustadt Part of a largely cleared high plateau with a good view, Rhine-Weser watershed immediately south of the Neustädter saddle; just outside - in the Neustadt district only up to 365 m and thus the third highest elevation
Sengelplatte 377 Oberh. Schw. (GH) 346.0 Westh. Bergl. Rauschenberg-Josbach Highest point Rauschenberg s
Old Rauschenberg 376 Burgwald (south) 345.2 Westh. Bergl. Rauschenberg-Schwabendorf Second highest point in Rauschenberg and highest in the southern castle forest
Cabbage 371 Oberh. Schw. (GH) 346.0 Westh. Bergl. Stadtallendorf-Wolferode Highest point Stadtallendorf s
Frauenberg 370 Lahnberge 348.01 Westh. Bergl. Ebsdorfergrund-Frauenberg Second highest point of the Lahnberge, castle ruins with a view
Vogelheerd 370 Marb. move 348.00 Westh. Bergl. Marburg Highest elevation of the Marburg back
Amöneburg 365 At the. Pelvis (OS) 347.0 Westh. Bergl. Amöneburg Singularity and the only noteworthy, by far the highest elevation of the Amöneburg Basin with a historic town and panoramic views in all directions
Great Hirschberg 361 Burgwald (south) 345.2 Westh. Bergl. Rauschenberg-Bracht Highest elevation in Cölbe and the second highest in the southern castle forest; the only "domed" mountain in the castle forest
Hochberg 359 Oberh. Threshold (NVV) 346.2 Westh. Bergl. Homberg (Ohm) Cleared mountain with a good view - just outside!
Goose egg 357 Damsh. Crests 320.10 Glad. Bergl. Weimar-Nesselbrunn Highest point Weimar s
Main head 357 Burgwald (North) 345.1 Westh. Bergl. Wohratal Highest elevation Wohratal s and the so-called Mönchswald es
Krückeberg 346 Oberh. Threshold (NS) 346.1 Westh. Bergl. Neustadt Cleared mountain with a good view of the Rhine-Weser watershed; northern Neustädter Sattel
Nellenberg 345 Oberh. Threshold (NS) 346.1 Westh. Bergl. Neustadt Hill with castle ruins - good view in winter; southern Neustädter Sattel
Kainsberg 324 Wetschaft Depression 345.0 Westh. Bergl. Münchhausen-Wollmar Practically the only significant elevation of the Wetschaft depression in the district area
Hasenkopf 320 Marb. move 348.00 Westh. Bergl. Marburg Cleared summit with a view of the hinterland and the Lahn Mountains
Corn bush 303 Lumda plateau 349.0 Westh. Bergl. Fronhausen-Hassenhausen (Insignificant) highest point in Fronhausen
Kirchenberg 258 At the. Basin (ground floor) 347.1 Westh. Bergl. Ebsdorfergrund-Wittelsberg Wittelsberg observation point

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The mountain is located on sheet 125 Marburg in the upper Salzbödetal, which introduces the customs beech, according to boundaries that cannot be defined in a linear fashion ; orographically, however, it still belongs to the Bottenhorn plateau, which it covers to the south.

literature

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