Natural areas in the Marburg-Biedenkopf district
The Hessian district of Marburg-Biedenkopf , which lies within the low mountain range threshold, is, like most historical-political regions, a heterogeneous collection of adjacent natural areas . Particularly well-known are the highest elevation of the Bagpipe at 674 m on the north-western border of the district north of Biedenkopf , the large forest area of the Burgwald in the north, the Lahnberge in the eastern part of the city of Marburg and the Amöneburg basin to the east with the singular Amöneburg , which merges northeast into the Neustädter Sattel where the Rhine-Weser watershed is crossed.
The western half of the district is occupied by the more montane Gladenbacher Bergland , which crosses the border to the historical hinterland at the 498 m high Rimberg and in the west reaches 609 m just beyond the district boundary at the Angelburg .
Natural structure
The district area of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district lies at the junction of three large low mountain ranges. A valley basin running in north-south direction, which stretches from the north of the district over the Wetschaft basin (Münchhausen, Wetter, Lahntal), after crossing the Lahn overflow into the Elnhausen-Michelbach basin (western Marburg districts) and Finally, in the south of the district (near Weimar and Fronhausen), the Lahn valley meets again and is extended in the Giessen basin , separating the foothills of the Rhenish Slate Mountains in the west from the landscapes of the West Hessian mountain and depression region in the east.
The Upper Lahn Valley west of Sterzhausen in turn divides the Rhenish Slate Mountains foothills in an east-west direction into those of the Rothaar Mountains in the northwest and those of the (natural) Westerwald in the west and southwest of the district.
Bagpipe and foreheads
The north-west of the district is part of the main unit group Süderbergland (33 or D38) with the altitude focus in the Rothaargebirge ("Hochsauerland", main unit 333). The Rothaargebirge in the true sense of the word only includes the immediate vicinity of the 674 m high bagpipe , the summit of which is already on the northern border of the district with Waldeck-Frankenberg .
On the other hand, the sackpipe foothills adjoining in the south-east belong to the eastern Sauerland mountain range (332).
Only the Biedenkopfer districts of Engelbach , Dexbach and Katzenbach are really located in the interior of the fore hills (or Dexbach even at the immediate interface with the Rothaar Mountains); all other localities only touch this natural area from the Upper Lahn valley.
Gladenbacher Bergland
The Gladenbacher Bergland (main unit 320), which occupies the west and south-west of the district, is naturally part of the Westerwald (main unit group 32 or D39), but has a certain independence and reaches (just outside the district area) at least 609 m at the Angelburg , in the district itself still around 600 m.
Upper Lahn valley
Most of the districts of Biedenkopf and Dautphetals as well as the western Lahn valley are located in the Upper Lahn valley , which also includes the Dautphe valley . The z. Sometimes very wide floodplains at this interface between the two large landscapes of the Rhenish Slate Mountains are also used for agriculture.
Lahn-Dill-Bergland
As Lahn-Dill-Bergland in natural spatial sense (not to be confused with the homonymous natural park , connected to the about half of the municipalities of the district) refers to the western parts of the montaneren gladenbach uplands. Within the district, these are the Breidenbacher Grund natural areas (up to 562 m) immediately south of the Lahn, the adjacent plateau of the Bottenhorn plateau with the Angelburg (609 m, in the district up to 600 m) and, south of this and through the upper reaches of the salt flats separated, the 500 m high customs beech ridge, which cuts through the (natural) Salzbödetal (see below) to the east . All three natural areas are entirely in the hinterland (former Biedenkopf district ).
On the Zollbuche ridge itself, there is only one part of the district, (Bad Endbach-) Günterod . In contrast, the Bottenhorn plateaus are populated up to heights of 500 m (and also used for arable farming). B. in the eponymous Bad-Endbacher district of Bottenhorn . Most of the districts of Endbach are located on the Upper Salzbödetal, which is part of the customs beech, with its side valleys.
Further north, only the southernmost districts of Steffenberg and Angelburg touch the plateaus, while most of these districts are located in the valleys of the Perf and their left tributaries Gansbach and Hörle in less montane heights of the Breidenbacher Grund, as well as the districts of Breidenbach itself, the z. Some also lie on the left Perf tributary Diete .
Salzbödetal
The low-relief and only to a lesser extent wooded hill country of the Salzbödetal extends northwest to the core town of Bad Endbach and also includes the Vers valley south of the Zollbuche . The most important districts of Gladenbach , all districts of Lohras and some of Weimar are located here .
Damshausen peaks and Elnhausen-Michelbacher valley
The Damshausen hilltop area with the 498 m high Rimberg represents a comparatively independent mountainous region with a medium relief, which in the north is similar to the Hessian skittles of the Rhön . On the domed mountain peaks there is mostly beech forest, in the valleys between some mountain groups, on the other hand, intensive agriculture is practiced. In addition to the eponymous Dautphetal district of Damshausen , there are various northeastern districts of Gladenbach , the Weimar district of Nesselbrunn and Marburg- Dilschhausen .
To the east, this practically completely closes off the ridge in the Elnhausen-Michelbacher depression , which is drained to the east via the Allna and its tributary Ohe . In the western districts of Marburg (including the eponymous Elnhausen and Michelbach ) and the northern districts of Weimar , agriculture is intensive.
To the east, the valley flows smoothly into the Marburg Ridge and thus into the West Hessian mountains.
West Hessian mountainous region
The West Hessian Uplands (main unit group 34 or D46) are all landscapes to the west of the Hessian basin that are part of the Hessian Bruchscholle . B. the Schwalm lying a little east of the district is counted, including the valley itself.
While the West Hessian mountainous region northeast of the district in Kellerwald and Habichtswald also reaches montan heights (up to 675 m), in the district only heights of 400 m are reached with a relief energy of around 200 m - but this in practically all parts of the landscape!
Marburg highlands
The up to 380 m high mountainous area between the Marburg Ridge in the west and the Lahn Mountains in the east, which is part of the Marburg-Gießener Lahntal (main unit 348) and whose valley zone extends to the south beyond the district area, takes up a large part of the Marburg area and in the north Parts of Cölbe and in the south next to parts of Weimar all districts of Fronhausen .
The parallel formation of the river valley and the two mountain ranges can be seen not least in the fact that the two red sandstone ridges slope sharply towards the Lahn, but comparatively gently in the opposite direction. Analogous to the formation of the Middle Rhine, eastern and western rock layers have shifted against each other until the soil steps were piled up to the side of a central ditch.
Wetschaft Depression
Although it is part of the main unit (345) of the Burgwald, the almost completely unforested and, unlike most of the "actual" Burgwald, comparatively fertile landscape of the Wetschaft Depression when used by humans is its stark opposite.
In the districts of Münchhausen , Wetters and Lahntal there is intensive agriculture, in the larger towns in the south there is also industry.
Burgwald
The Burgwald (main unit 345) is one of the largest contiguous forest areas in Hesse and is roughly half of the (southern) part of the district. The red sandstone land, which is very homogeneous in relief, reaches heights of just over 400 m several times. It is relatively sharply delimited within the district by the rivers Wetschaft (west), (a short piece of Lahn in the southwest,) Ohm (south) and Wohra (east).
The central woodland of the Northern Burgwald is divided in the west by the districts of Wetters and Lahntal-Göttingen (each at the interface with the Wetschaft-Senke), in the east by the Cölber districts of Reddehausen and Schönstadt as well as by Rauschenberg- Bracht and the districts of Wohratals (the latter in the natural area of the same name ) framed. Well-known destinations are u. a. the Mellnau Castle and the Christenberg .
The southern Burgwald , which is smaller in terms of area and separated from the B3, is only forested to a small extent west of Rauschenberg and Kirchhain- Himmelsberg and east of Cölbe- Schwarzenborn and Kirchhain- Sindersfeld . In the northern district of Rauschenberg in particular, there is intensive agriculture.
Upper Hessian threshold
The Upper Hessian Threshold (main unit 346) in the easternmost district, which connects the significantly more montane ridges of Vogelsberg (773 m, south) and Kellerwald (675 m, north), is located at Burgholz , on whose summit the Kirchhain district of the same name is located, 380 m high, while the northerly elevations near Kellerwald also exceed 400 m. These parts of the threshold facing the Kellerwald are also called Gilserberger Heights , while the southern parts ( northern Vogelsberg foreland ) border directly on the Lower Vogelsberg .
The Neustädter Saddle connecting both parts between Stadtallendorf in the west and Neustadt in the east provides the lowest pass of this section of the Rhine-Weser watershed with less than 300 m of the B 454 between Kirchhain and Treysa (the federal road itself is 300 m directly east of Stadtallendorf exceeds). Most of the eastern districts of Kirchhain, the northern districts of Stadtallendorf and all districts of Neustadt are located here and adjacent to it, with the Neustadt districts being the only ones in the district that drain to the Schwalm and thus to the Eder and Weser .
Lumda plateau
The basalt plateau of the Lumda Plateau (main unit 349, also known as the Vorderer Vogelsberg ) reaches its highest height of 407 m in the district, but only a smaller part is in its territory. The southern districts of Ebsdorfergrund stretch along the upper reaches of the Zwester Ohm from the plateau to the large valley of the Amöneburg basin.
Amöneburg Basin
The Amöneburg Basin (main unit 347) is one of the (clockwise, starting in the west) Lahnberge - (Southern) Burgwald , Upper Hessian Threshold and Lumda Plateau , a valley depression with the 365 m high Amöneburg as the only notable elevation and the Ohm as the central one Flowing waters. Only a small area in the southwest, which essentially consists of the lower districts of Ebsdorfergrund , drains via the Zwester Ohm . The north-eastern Ohm depression directly on the course of the river is naturally separated from the Ebsdorfer Grund , which occupies the south-western half.
Besides most districts Ebsdorfergrunds all parts Amöneburgs, Stadtallendorf- are Schweinsberg , Kirchhain besides many districts, Cölbe- Bürgeln and the eastern Marburger outer neighborhoods Ginseldorf , Bauerbach , Schrock and Moischt in (or at the interface to) completely treeless basin used for intensive agriculture becomes.
mountains
The following surveys in the district are known and z. Partly popular as an excursion destination (AT = observation tower):
Surname |
Height [m. ü. NN] |
Natural space |
ISIN digit |
Large landscape |
place |
Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bagpipe | 674 | Bagpipe | 333.3 | Süderbergland | Biedenkopf-Dexbach | Transmitter, AT, amusement park, just outside - highest elevation in the district and Biedenkopf s (here approx. 663 m) |
Splendor of the grove | 631 | Bagpipe | 333.3 | Süderbergland | Biedenkopf | |
Fishing castle | 609 | Bottenh. High fl. | 320.01 | Glad. Bergl. | Bad Endbach-Bottenhorn, Angelburg-Lixfeld | Transmitter, highest elevation of the Gladenbacher Bergland, just outside - highest elevation Bad Endbach s (here around 600 m) and Angelburg s (here approx. 593 m) |
Arenest | 592 | Bagpipes foreheads | 332.0 | Süderbergland | Biedenkopf-Engelbach | |
Coal mountain | 583 | Bagpipes foreheads | 332.0 | Süderbergland | Hatzfeld-Eifa | Distinctive double peak, just outside! |
Mattenberg | 578 | Bottenh. High fl. | 320.01 | Glad. Bergl. | Angelburg-Lixfeld | Highest elevation in Angelburg located entirely in the municipality |
Oh dear | 564 | Bottenh. High fl. | 320.01 | Glad. Bergl. | Bad Endbach-Schlierbach | Highest elevation in Bad Endbach located entirely in the municipality |
Hommerichskopf | 562 | Breidenb. reason | 320.00 | Glad. Bergl. | Breidenbach-Achenbach | Highest elevation Breidenbach s and the Breidenbacher Grund at the western interface to the Rothaargebirge |
Schwarzenberg | 561 | Breidenb. reason | 320.00 | Glad. Bergl. | Breidenbach, Biedenkopf | Center of a large forest area; second highest, but by far the most important elevation of Breidenbach and the Breidenbacher Grund, only 1 m behind |
Madche | 560 | Bottenh. High fl. | 320.01 | Glad. Bergl. | Angelburg-Gönnern and Steffenberg-Oberhörlen | Steffenberg's highest point on a ridge protruding into the Breidenbacher Grund |
Daubhaus | 552 | Bottenh. High fl. | 320.01 | Glad. Bergl. | Gladenbach-Rachelshausen | Highest point in Gladenbach s in the extreme east of the plateaus |
Nimerich | 533 | Breidenb. reason | 320.00 | Glad. Bergl. | Dautphetal-Wolfgruben | Southeastern Schwarzenberg forest, highest point Dautphetal s |
Hollerberg | 510 | Bagpipes foreheads | 332.0 | Süderbergland | Weather Treisbach | Insignificant summit at the southeast foot of the arenest, but the highest elevation Wetter s |
Rimberg | 498 | Damsh. Crests | 320.10 | Glad. Bergl. | Dautphetal-Damshausen and Lahntal-Caldern | AT, highest elevation of the Damshausen peaks and Lahntal s |
Schönscheid | 498 | Customs beech | 320.05 | Glad. Bergl. | ||
Hemmerich | 476 | Customs beech | 320.05 | Glad. Bergl. | Lohra | Lohra s highest point in the east of the customs beech |
Wollenberg | 474 | Bagpipes foreheads | 332.0 | Süderbergland | Southern (western) districts of Wetters and western Lahn Valley | The interface between the three major landscapes |
Koppe | 454 | Customs beech | 320.05 | Glad. Bergl. | Gladenbach-Erdhausen | AT, triumvirate (with Hemmerich and Koppe) in the far east of the customs beech |
Dreisberg | 448 | Customs beech | 320.05 | Glad. Bergl. | Gladenbach | Striking east elevation of the "Dreigestirn" es with Koppe and Hemmerich in the far east of the Zollbuche |
calf | 425 | Bottenh. Tall beech | 320.01 / 320.05 | Glad. Bergl. | AT, north of Bad Endbach | |
Störner | 412 | Damsh. Crests | 320.10 | Glad. Bergl. | Marburg-Dilschhausen | Insignificant elevation at the southeast foot of the Rimberg, but the highest elevation in Marburg s |
Vulture heads | 412 | Burgwald (North) | 345.1 | Westh. Bergl. | Weather Mellnau | Highest elevation of the castle forest in the district; Mellnau Castle with AT at the southwest foot at approx. 340 m; south of the better known, but not very independent saddle head (384 m) |
Mardorfer Kuppe | 407 | Lumda plateau | 349.0 | Westh. Bergl. | Amöneburg-Erfurtshausen | Highest elevation of the Lumda plateau and Amöneburg s |
Nameless summit | 399 | Oberh. Schw. (GH) | 346.0 | Westh. Bergl. | Neustadt-Mengsberg | Highest elevation Neustadt s (here around 388 m high) in the far north of the district - just outside! |
Leidenhöfer head | 393 | Lumda plateau | 349.0 | Westh. Bergl. | Ebsdorfergrund-Ilschhausen | Highest elevation of Ebsdorfergrund , second highest of the Lumda plateau |
Christenberg | 387 | Burgwald (North) | 345.1 | Westh. Bergl. | Munchausen | Observation room; Weather district |
Bronke head | 385 | Bagpipes foreheads | 332.0 | Süderbergland | Münchhausen-Oberasphe | Münchhausen's highest elevation at the interface with the Wetschaft-Senke |
Burgholz | 380 | Oberh. Schw. (GH) | 346.0 | Westh. Bergl. | Kirchhain-Burgholz | AT, highest point Kirchhain s |
Ortenberg | 380 | Lahnberge | 348.01 | Westh. Bergl. | Marburg | AT on the west slope, highest point in the Lahn Mountains |
Bush horn | 379 | Oberh. Threshold (NVV) | 346.2 | Westh. Bergl. | Neustadt | Part of a largely cleared high plateau with a good view, Rhine-Weser watershed immediately south of the Neustädter saddle; just outside - in the Neustadt district only up to 365 m and thus the third highest elevation |
Sengelplatte | 377 | Oberh. Schw. (GH) | 346.0 | Westh. Bergl. | Rauschenberg-Josbach | Highest point Rauschenberg s |
Old Rauschenberg | 376 | Burgwald (south) | 345.2 | Westh. Bergl. | Rauschenberg-Schwabendorf | Second highest point in Rauschenberg and highest in the southern castle forest |
Cabbage | 371 | Oberh. Schw. (GH) | 346.0 | Westh. Bergl. | Stadtallendorf-Wolferode | Highest point Stadtallendorf s |
Frauenberg | 370 | Lahnberge | 348.01 | Westh. Bergl. | Ebsdorfergrund-Frauenberg | Second highest point of the Lahnberge, castle ruins with a view |
Vogelheerd | 370 | Marb. move | 348.00 | Westh. Bergl. | Marburg | Highest elevation of the Marburg back |
Amöneburg | 365 | At the. Pelvis (OS) | 347.0 | Westh. Bergl. | Amöneburg | Singularity and the only noteworthy, by far the highest elevation of the Amöneburg Basin with a historic town and panoramic views in all directions |
Great Hirschberg | 361 | Burgwald (south) | 345.2 | Westh. Bergl. | Rauschenberg-Bracht | Highest elevation in Cölbe and the second highest in the southern castle forest; the only "domed" mountain in the castle forest |
Hochberg | 359 | Oberh. Threshold (NVV) | 346.2 | Westh. Bergl. | Homberg (Ohm) | Cleared mountain with a good view - just outside! |
Goose egg | 357 | Damsh. Crests | 320.10 | Glad. Bergl. | Weimar-Nesselbrunn | Highest point Weimar s |
Main head | 357 | Burgwald (North) | 345.1 | Westh. Bergl. | Wohratal | Highest elevation Wohratal s and the so-called Mönchswald es |
Krückeberg | 346 | Oberh. Threshold (NS) | 346.1 | Westh. Bergl. | Neustadt | Cleared mountain with a good view of the Rhine-Weser watershed; northern Neustädter Sattel |
Nellenberg | 345 | Oberh. Threshold (NS) | 346.1 | Westh. Bergl. | Neustadt | Hill with castle ruins - good view in winter; southern Neustädter Sattel |
Kainsberg | 324 | Wetschaft Depression | 345.0 | Westh. Bergl. | Münchhausen-Wollmar | Practically the only significant elevation of the Wetschaft depression in the district area |
Hasenkopf | 320 | Marb. move | 348.00 | Westh. Bergl. | Marburg | Cleared summit with a view of the hinterland and the Lahn Mountains |
Corn bush | 303 | Lumda plateau | 349.0 | Westh. Bergl. | Fronhausen-Hassenhausen | (Insignificant) highest point in Fronhausen |
Kirchenberg | 258 | At the. Basin (ground floor) | 347.1 | Westh. Bergl. | Ebsdorfergrund-Wittelsberg | Wittelsberg observation point |
Individual evidence
- ↑ The mountain is located on sheet 125 Marburg in the upper Salzbödetal, which introduces the customs beech, according to boundaries that cannot be defined in a linear fashion ; orographically, however, it still belongs to the Bottenhorn plateau, which it covers to the south.
literature
- Gerhard Sandner: Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 125 Marburg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1960. → Online map (PDF; 4.9 MB)
Web links
- Map and legend of the natural areas of Hesse (online copy of Die Naturraum Hessens , Otto Klausing 1988) in the Hesse Environmental Atlas of the Hessian State Office for Environment and Geology
- Landscape profiles of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )