Peter Joseph Lenné

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Peter Joseph Lenné around 1850
Signature Peter Joseph Lenné.PNG

Peter Joseph Lenné (born September 29, 1789 in Bonn , † January 23, 1866 in Potsdam ) was a Prussian garden artist and general gardening director of the royal Prussian gardens.

Peter Joseph Lenné shaped garden art in Prussia for almost half a century . He designed spacious parks based on the model of English landscape gardens and concentrated on socially responsible urban planning for Berlin by creating green spaces for the local population to relax. The focus of his work was in the Berlin-Potsdam cultural area, but evidence of his work can also be found in many other parts of Germany.

Characteristic features of his landscape design are the diverse lines of sight with which he optically linked the individual parks, especially in Potsdam, and thus effectively staged the park structures. He took the visual aisles as the starting point for creating winding paths and garden areas, in which he set accents with expressive trees. His landscape art work forms an essential part of the Berlin-Potsdam cultural landscape , which extends from the Pfaueninsel to Werder . It has been under the protection of UNESCO since the entire landscape was declared a World Heritage Site in 1990 .

Live and act

origin

Lenné's birthplace in Bonn
Inscription on the birth house

Peter Joseph Lenné was born in 1789 in the Gärtnerhaus, today Konviktstraße 4, at the Electoral Palace in Bonn. His father, Peter Joseph Lenné d. Ä. (1756–1821), held the office of court gardener in Bonn and head of the botanical garden, which belonged to the electoral university (1786–1798). His mother's name was Anna Catharina, née Pottgieter, a daughter of the mayor of Rheinberg .

Lenne was a descendant of from the area of Liege originating gardener family Le New or Le Nain (French .: nain = dwarf, dwarf), which in 1665 emigrated to the Rhineland and since then in Poppelsdorf near Bonn in electoral stood services. The great-grandfather Maximilian Heinrich (1675–1735) probably changed his name to Lenné in 1699, other sources refer to Peter Joseph Lenné the Elder. Ä.

Youth and education

Following the family tradition, Peter Joseph Lenné decided to become a gardener. At the instigation of his father, who wanted his son to have an academic education, he received lessons in botany from a university teacher at school age. In 1805 he began an apprenticeship as a gardener with his paternal uncle, the court gardener Joseph Clemens Weyhe the Elder. Ä. (1749–1813) in Brühl , who was married to Johanna Gertrud Lenné (1754–1837). On September 15, 1808, Lenné finished his apprenticeship. At least that's what a testimony says.

Study trips financed by his father took him to southern Germany in 1809 and to France in 1811/12. In Paris with André Thouin , director of the Jardin des Plantes and member of the Académie des sciences , Lenné acquired knowledge of the botany of rare shrubs and exotic plants, which he later put into practice through accentuated plantings. This type of garden design distinguished his work from the works of Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell and his competitor Hermann Fürst Pückler-Muskau , who preferred local plants. The training with André Thouin's younger brother Gabriel Thouin , who worked as a garden architect, is not documented. Another teacher, according to Lenné's own statements, is said to have been Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand , who taught architectural design at the Paris Polytechnic and simplified planning and design in urban planning with the development of a grid system.

After his stay in Paris, Peter Joseph Lenné returned to his parents in Koblenz in the summer of 1812 , where the family relocated during the Napoleonic occupation in 1811 and where the father had been appointed head of the department tree nursery by Prefect Jules Doazan . In the same year, Lenné began his third study trip, which took him to southern Germany and Switzerland. However, Lenné's own statement that he was in Switzerland during this time does not withstand verification. During his stay in Munich, he may have met the garden designer von Sckell, the creator of the landscaping in the originally baroque Nymphenburg Palace Park and the English Garden in Munich . The meeting is not documented, however. Only the Sckell's terrain modeling on drawings and in practical use, taken over from Lenné, suggests a coincidence, but can also stem solely from the practical view of Sckell's works. In the autumn of 1812 he continued his journey to Vienna. There he received an assistant position in the park of Schönbrunn Palace under the court gardener Franz Boos , a childhood friend of his father. Another move to Laxenburg, the summer residence of the Habsburgs , took place in 1814. There he was commissioned to make a redesign for the spacious park of the baroque palace Blauer Hof . His plan was not carried out. The award of the title "Imperial Garden Engineer", which he claims, cannot be proven. In 1815, one year after his mother's death on January 12, 1814, Peter Joseph Lenné returned to Koblenz. He worked with his father, who was responsible for the design of private gardens, and drafted plans for an expansion of the city of Koblenz after the fortifications were removed .

Employment at the Prussian court

Plan of the Frederician part of the Sanssouci Park. Peter Joseph Lenné, 1816
Pleasureground at Glienicke Castle

When the Rhine province was awarded to the Kingdom of Prussia after the Congress of Vienna , Lenné applied for a position at the Prussian court . Due to the Napoleonic Wars , the Berlin and Potsdam parks were in a neglected state, the administration of which was subordinate to the Court Marshal's Office, which was headed by Court Marshal and " Intendant of the Royal Palaces and Gardens" Burchard Friedrich Freiherr von Maltzahn . In February 1816, Lenné received an assistant position in Potsdam with a probationary period up to Michaelis (September 29th) and initially worked in various places to make drawings of the royal gardens. In this year, the "Plan of Sanssouci and its surroundings" was also created. In May he was assigned an assistant position to the court gardener Johann Friedrich Morsch in the New Garden , but was often called to the gardening directorate to draw by the chief building officer and gardening director Johann Gottlob Schulze . He got a good impression of Lenné, saw him as his one-time successor and encouraged him to the best of his ability. [...] Certainly he [also] expected that Lenné would marry one of his daughters, just as he himself had married the daughter of his predecessor Manger . In the New Garden, Lenné lived in the so-called “Green House” on the northern tip of the Holy See .

During this time, the Prussian State Chancellor Karl August Fürst von Hardenberg was also given the task of redesigning the Neuhardenberg and Glienicke estates . After Carl von Prussia bought the Glienicke estate in 1824, Lenné was able to continue his landscape gardening work under the new owner. Here he laid the foundation stone for a spacious total work of art that, under his direction, turned the "Insel Potsdam" into a large, coherent landscape garden over the next five decades. This major project was funded primarily during the reign of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV .

Professional background

In 1817 Peter Joseph Lenné was offered three vacant court gardener positions in Potsdam, all of which he refused because he did not like the activities in the garden areas. In February 1818 he accepted a position in the "Royal Garden Directorate". Maltzahn, who promoted Lenné and was significantly involved in his rise, gave him the title of "garden engineer and member of the gardening directorate".

Now he had not only skipped the position of court gardener, but was even put on the same level as the court gardener's superior and the court building officer and gardening director Johann Gottlob Schulze , who had held the office since 1790. In an instruction from the court marshal von Maltzahn to the court gardeners on February 10, 1818, it [...] states that you have to obey H. Lenné's orders as if they were issued by me or the gardening director, which each of you will certainly do with pleasure, since H. Lenné has learned the art of gardening, and is a man of thorough knowledge and taste. The gardeners now had to follow the instructions of three superiors.

There was constant tension in the collaboration between Schulze and Lenné. Schulze complained about the unclear competencies in the garden administration and repeatedly criticized Lenné's arbitrariness, through which he saw his authority as garden director dwindle. Lenné was also given responsibility for the tree nurseries, which pushed Schulze out of his favorite area . Lenné did not marry his daughter Karoline, but on January 3, 1820 in the Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul Friederica Louisa Voss (1798–1855), the eldest daughter of the Lutheran court gardener in the Potsdam kitchen garden Joachim Heinrich Voss . The 35-year marriage remained childless.

Lenné took advantage of the elevated position. When the "Association for the Promotion of Horticulture in the Royal Prussian States" was founded in 1822 at the suggestion of the Minister of State for Spiritual, Educational and Medical Affairs Karl vom Stein zum Altenstein , Lenné was one of the eleven founding members. In this first German gardening association he was from June 1823 head of the administrative committees for fruit tree cultivation and for visual gardening as well as second deputy to the director.

Friedrich Wilhelm III. founded the Royal Gardener Training Institute in Schöneberg and Potsdam with cabinet order of August 20, 1823 , which was moved to Potsdam in 1853 and to Berlin-Dahlem in 1903 , in connection with a state tree nursery . The prospective horticultural architects received a scientific training for the first time in the school . On October 21, 1823, the Prussian King appointed Lenné director of the state tree nursery and director of the Potsdam gardening school. After the almost 74-year-old Johann Gottlob Schulze had retired on April 1, 1828, without having asked, Lenné was also appointed garden director of the royal gardens. In 1847 Lenné became a member of the "Landesökonomie-Collegium", which supported the Ministry of Agriculture in economic and technical matters. In 1854 Friedrich Wilhelm IV awarded him the title of General Director of the Royal Gardens. This title did not involve any expansion of his area of ​​responsibility.

He deepened and expanded his knowledge while traveling to study the large parks. After the English horticultural artist John Adey Repton (1775–1860) - eldest son of the landscape architect Humphry Repton - was in Potsdam in May 1822 and suggested design options for the royal gardens, Lenné traveled to England in late summer of that year. His impressions, which he recorded in a travel journal, were published in fragments in 1824 under the title "General remarks on British parks and gardens" . Further educational trips followed in 1830/31 to southern Germany and western Europe, in 1837 to Brussels and Paris and in 1844 and 1847 to Italy.

Parks

Beautification plan for the Potsdam area , 1833. After Lenné, drawn by his student Gerhard Koeber
Plan of Charlottenhof or Siam - Lenné's plans in a lithograph by Gerhard Koeber from 1839

Lenné's garden and landscape designs were carried out in close collaboration with the architects Karl Friedrich Schinkel , Ludwig Persius and Ferdinand von Arnim . His redesign of the Sanssouci Park , which he had started in 1818 , expanded from 1825 after purchasing the Charlottenhof part of the park and connected the old park from the time of Frederick II with the new area, which he formed as a landscape park. In the Frederician part he had his official apartment in the garden director's house below the vineyard terraces of the Sanssouci Palace.

Other facilities in Potsdam have included the Pfingstberg , the Alexandrowka , the Peacock Island , the park Sacrow , the Böttcherberg and the opposite Babelsberg park area , which, however, due to disagreements with his employers Wilhelm (I.) of Prussia and above all by his wife Augusta by his Competitor Prince Pückler-Muskau was completed. After the death of Friedrich Wilhelm IV in 1861, the extensive garden projects could not be continued. The successor to the Prussian throne, Wilhelm I, set other priorities.

Numerous parks and manor gardens in and outside Prussia were created according to Lenné's designs, which are not always recognizable as a work of Lenné due to later reshaping, inadequate care or conversion. A larger project was the horticultural design of the monastery mountain garden in Magdeburg, the planning of which began in 1824 and which was published under the title "About the planting of a public garden near the city of Magdeburg". Despite his center of life in Potsdam and Berlin, Peter Joseph Lenné remained connected to his home in the Rhineland. In the Koblenz area he contributed to further embellishments, especially in the Koblenz Rhine systems , which were built under his direction until 1861. During the reconstruction of Stolzenfels Castle , one of the main works of Rhine Romanticism , he was responsible for the design of the gardens. Since he wanted to spend the evening of his life in his old home, he had the residential building known as the Lenné House (not preserved) built in Koblenz, which he could no longer move into.

The city planner Lenné

Plan of the Berlin Zoo, 1833

Lenné was not only in demand in landscaping around Potsdam. In 1840, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV, who had just been enthroned, entrusted him with the urban planning of Berlin. As a result of industrialization and the influx of rural populations, the number of inhabitants had grown to around 330,000, an increase that had more than doubled in thirty years since 1810 with around 160,000 inhabitants. Lenné revised the unexecuted development plan of the senior building officer Johann Carl Ludwig Schmid from the 1820s, which concentrated particularly on the Köpenicker field, "the area at Frankfurter Tor , and the area within the excise wall in Luisenstadt ". Lenné compensated for the lack of green spaces in his 1840 draft “Projected ornamental and border lines from Berlin to the immediate vicinity”. In it he combined the economic requirements that a steadily growing city brought with it with the cultural, political and health needs of the population through green spaces and promenades for local recreation located directly at home and work.

In addition to wide streets, the city received urgently needed waterways for the transport of goods and building materials , primarily through the expansion of the Landwehr or Schafgraben to the Landwehr Canal , the construction of the Luisenstadt Canal as a connection between Landwehr Canal and Spree, and the Berlin-Spandau Shipping Canal . The streets along the Luisenstadt Canal and bathing areas on the Landwehr Canal, laid out as avenues, served the population as recreational areas. Because of his lively construction activity, the Berliners called him Buddelpeter . In his explanatory report on the jewelry and border trains, Lenné wrote:

“Everywhere in the present project it was my endeavor to manage the distribution of the given space in such a way that, in addition to the benefit that the community is to create from the new facilities, the pleasure of the residents is also served their right. For the further a people advances in its culture and prosperity, the more varied its sensual and spiritual needs become. This also includes the public walking paths, the creation and reproduction of which in a large city must be urgently recommended not just for fun, but also out of consideration for health. "

- Peter Joseph Lenné, 1840

Ultimately, the development plan was "a kind of compromise between Schmid's plans, the [...] King's wishes for Luisenstadt and Lenné's ideas." His decorative and border plan was not implemented in all parts, or some of it was only implemented later in a modified form .

Lenné's design phases

Lenné's horticultural designs are divided into three phases by garden historians. Until 1820, other sources refer to the period from around 1815 to 1830, he dedicated himself to pure garden art. From 1820, other sources mention 1830, up to its third phase in 1840, in addition to smaller rural parks, spacious park and landscape designs with visual axes, flower gardens with, in part, exotic plants and water features were created. In order to create space for his design ideas, he often had old trees cut down or aisles cut in them. Lenné's successor, Ferdinand Jühlke , later characterized him as a destroyer who throws down the old with indomitable severity in order to gain space for his ideas and then again as an organizational genius to bring order and harmony back to the masses of his creations. In Lenné's immense nature, the power of destruction, creation and organization was combined in a wonderful way.

In his late design phase, around 1840, Lenné adapted his designs to the emerging historicism , which revived the styles of bygone eras in architecture. In the overall layout of an English landscape park, he created individual flower-adorned garden sections that were modeled on the geometric shapes of the Italian Renaissance or French Baroque gardens, for example. In this hybrid form of the natural landscape park with decorative garden areas, Lenné designed not only private gardens, but also public green spaces and public parks in the course of urban planning, the design of which his master student and later Berlin gardening director Gustav Meyer continued in the spirit of Lenné. In 1887, students of Lenné and Meyer formed the Association of German Garden Artists to promote and maintain the principles of artistic design of their models, the so-called Lenné Meyer School , which were trend-setting up to the garden reform movement around 1900.

Honors

Portrait thermal bath Peter Joseph Lenné in Sanssouci Park
The grave cross on the Bornstedter Friedhof in Potsdam

During his tenure, Lenné received numerous honors. Since, as a Prussian civil servant in royal service, he was not allowed to take a fee for his work outside of Prussia, he received numerous gifts in kind such as medals, dinner sets, cloth needles and the like. In addition, streets in which he was involved in gardening were named after him during his lifetime. Among other things in Berlin, where a year before the name was changed by the architect Ludwig Persius in 1838 he had a house built at Lennéstrasse 1 (formerly Kanonenweg). On April 30, 1853, the Royal Prussian Academy of the Arts in Berlin made him an honorary member. He received an honorary doctorate (Dr. phil. Hc) from the University of Breslau on January 12, 1861, and honorary citizenship from the city of Potsdam on June 29, 1863 . Of the twelve domestic and foreign orders that Lenné received between 1832 and 1864, he received the Commander's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern from Friedrich Wilhelm IV and, as a special award, the Red Eagle Order II class for a Prussian civil servant . In addition, in 1848 the king had a Herme with Lenné's portrait set up in Sanssouci Park, north of the New Palais . The marble bust executed by Heinrich Berges in 1847 was based on a model by Christian Daniel Rauch . Copies of the bust can be found in Bonn, the Koblenz Rhine plants and on the rose island near Feldafing.

The botanists honored him with the naming of a magnolia variety , the Magnolia (soulangeana) lenneana , from the magnolia family and with the species Monstera lennea ( K.Koch ) (now Monstera deliciosa ) from the arum family . The genus Lennea ( Klotzsch ) from the legume family (Fabaceae) is named after him.

Shortly before his 50th service anniversary, Lenné suffered a stroke at the age of 77 . He found his final resting place in the family cemetery of the “Family Foundation Hofgärtner Hermann Sello ”, part of the Bornstedt cemetery , next to members of the gardener families Sello and Nietner and the architects Ludwig Persius and Reinhold Persius . A silver laurel wreath covered with gold leaf, donated by his friends and students for his service anniversary on February 15, 1866, could no longer be presented to him because of his death. He was carried to the coffin. Each of the fifty leaves contained an engraving with the most important gardens laid out by Lenné:

Pfingstberg, Glienicke, Sacrow, Ruinsberg, Alexandrowka, Lindstedt, Charlottenhof, Deer Park, Nordic Garden, New Orangery House, Sicilian Garden, Sanssouci-Marly, Oeynhausen, Moabit-Borsig, Ludwigslust, Laxenburg, Leipzig, Dresden, Frankfurt, Berlin Zoological Garden , Neuhardenberg, Homburg, Basedow, Ballenstedt, Köln-Flora, Magdeburg, Breslau, Altenstein, Berlin Tiergarten, Boytzenburg, Berlin Squares, Berlin Buildings, Berlin Shipping Canal, Oliva, Erdmannsdorf, Camenz, Fasanerie, Hohenzollern Castle, Brühl, Stolzenfels , Benrath, Koblenz, Charlottenburg, Schönhausen, Babelsberg, Pfaueninsel, Wolfshagen, Schwerin, Neu-Strelitz, Lübeck .

Work list (selection)

Klosterbergegarten, Magdeburg, 2006
Lennépark, Frankfurt (Oder), 2008
Bad Oeynhausen spa gardens, 2005
Kittendorf Castle Park, 2007
Sinzig Zehnthof, aerial photo (2016)

See also

literature

  • Sylvia Butenschön: Lenné's earliest design plan. A competition entry for the city park in Budapest . In: Die Gartenkunst  29 (1/2017), pp. 1–24.
  • Florian von Buttlar: Peter Joseph Lenné - Volkspark and Arcadien . Nicolai, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-87584-277-4 .
  • Harri Günther: Peter Joseph Lenné. Gardens, parks, landscapes . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-421-02844-3 (Unchanged reprint of the original edition in Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1985).
  • Harri Günther, Sibylle Harksen (editor): Peter Joseph Lenné. Catalog of drawings . Ed .: Heinz Schönemann, Wasmuth, Tübingen / Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-8030-2805-1 (catalog edition ).
  • Petra Habrock-Henrich, Rita Hornbach, Brigitte Schmutzler (Red.): Peter Joseph Lennè - A garden trip in the Rhineland . Accompanying publication to the special exhibition of the General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate / Landesmuseum Koblenz from April 15 to 16. October 2011 in the Ehrenbreitstein Fortress. Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2011. ISBN 978-3-7954-2506-7 .
  • Géza Hajós : Peter Joseph Lenné and Laxenburg. The importance of the rediscovered Lenné Plan for the imperial park in Laxenburg near Vienna . In: Die Gartenkunst  13 (1/2001), pp. 1–14.
  • Christa Hasselhorst : Peter Joseph Lenné. About creating the landscape. Edition Braus, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-86228-091-9 .
  • Christa Hasselhorst: A dilettante's journey of discovery to Peter Joseph Lenné . Collection of articles on the Lenné Symposium, Series J, Volume 11 of the University of Neubrandenburg 2017, ISBN 978-3941968639 .
  • Gerhard Hinz: Peter Joseph Lenné. The complete work of the garden architect and urban planner. 2 volumes, Olms, Hildesheim 1989, ISBN 3-487-09210-7 .
  • Gerhard Hinz: Peter Josef Lenné and his most important systems in Berlin and Potsdam (= art studies . Volume 22). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 1937, DNB 570368316 (dissertation University of Berlin 1937, 214 pages).
  • Detlef Karg (editor): Peter Joseph Lenné. Garden art in the 19th century. Contributions to Lenné research. Published by the Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation. Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-345-00265-5 .
  • Detlef Karg, Hans-Joachim Dreger (edit.): Peter Joseph Lenné - Parks and Gardens in the State of Brandenburg. Catalog of works (= research and contributions to the preservation of monuments in the state of Brandenburg 7). Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2005, ISBN 978-3-88462-217-9
  • Bernd Löhmann: A garden for king and people: Peter Joseph Lenné and the Brühler Schloßgarten (= yearbook of the Rhenish Association for Monument Preservation and Landscape Protection ), published by the Rhenish Association for Monument Preservation and Landscape Protection , Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-88094-861 -5 (Modified dissertation University of Bonn 1997 under the title: The Brühler Garten under Peter Joseph Lenné the Younger 215 pages).
  • Heinz Ohff: Peter Joseph Lenné. Jaron, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-89773-123-1 .
  • Michael Seiler: Notes on the paths as a directional tour in the gardens by Peter Joseph Lenné . In: Die Gartenkunst 18 (2/2006), pp. 277–283.
  • Gerd-Helge Vogel (Red.): Peter Joseph Lenné and European landscape and garden art in the 19th century. 6th Greifswald Romantic Conference 1989. Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald 1992, ISBN 3-86006-043-0 .
  • Herbert Weiermann:  Lenné, Peter Joseph. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-428-00195-8 , pp. 211-213 ( digitized version ).
  • Clemens Alexander Wimmer: From the life of Peter Joseph Lenné . In: Mitteilungen des Verein für die Geschichte Berlins , No. 85, 1989, pp. 210 ff. ( Online PDF document , accessed on September 29, 2009).
  • Clemens Alexander Wimmer: inventory catalog of the Berlin plans by Peter Joseph Lenné, with appendix Federal Republic of Germany and Austria (= garden monument maintenance . Issue 5). Published by the Senator for Urban Development and Environmental Protection, Department of Nature, Landscape, Green, Culture Book , Berlin 1990, OCLC 65564552 .
  • Clemens Alexander Wimmer: The garden artist Peter Joseph Lenné. A career at the Prussian court. Lambert Schneider, Darmstadt 2016, ISBN 978-3-650-40129-8 (On the 150th anniversary of Lenné's death on January 23, 2016).
  • Clemens Alexander Wimmer: Use of plants by Peter Joseph Lenné - A contribution to the 150th anniversary of death . In: Die Gartenkunst  28 (1/2016), pp. 167–196.
  • Ernst Wunschman:  Lenné, Peter Josef . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1883, p. 260 f.

Web links

Commons : Peter Joseph Lenné  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Peter Joseph Lenné  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinz Ohff: Peter Joseph Lenné , 2003, p. 129.
  2. ^ Wimmer: The garden artist Peter Joseph Lenné. A career at the Prussian court. 2016, pp. 21-25.
  3. ^ Harri Günther: Peter Joseph Lenné. Gardens parks landscapes . Berlin 1985, p. 13.
  4. ↑ This became Lenné, Leneu or Le Nen, or in German Lehnen, Leunen or Lenen. See the dissertation Helga Stoverock: The Poppelsdorfer Garten. Four hundred years of garden history . Bonn 2001, here: The Lenné family , p. 180.
  5. ↑ Entry in the church book of Sankt Martin, Bonn. Marriage of Max Lenné to Anna Gertrude Esch from Poppelsdorf. See dissertation Helga Stoverock, p. 181.
  6. ^ Herbert Weiermann:  Lenné, Peter Joseph. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-428-00195-8 , pp. 211-213 ( digitized version ).
  7. ^ Wimmer: The garden artist Peter Joseph Lenné. A career at the Prussian court. 2016, pp. 33–37.
  8. ↑ Wimmer, Lenné , 2016, pp. 38–44.
  9. ↑ Wimmer, Lenné 2016, pp. 47–55.
  10. ↑ Wimmer, Lenné , 2016, pp. 56–60.
  11. ^ Nekrolog in the weekly journal of the Association for the Promotion of Horticulture in the Royal Prussian States for Horticulture and Plant Science, IX. Vol. 8, 1866, p. 58. Clemens Alexander Wimmer: From the life of Peter Joseph Lenné . In: Mitteilungen für die Geschichte Berlins, Vol. 85, Issue 4, 1989, p. 212. Detlef Karg, Hans-Joachim Dreger: Peter Joseph Lenné. Parks and gardens in the state of Brandenburg . 2005, p. 17 and other publications.
  12. ↑ Wimmer, Lenné , 2016, pp. 56–60.
  13. ↑ Heinz Ohff: Peter Joseph Lenné , p. 48.
  14. ↑ Géza Hajós, in: The garden art . 2001, No. 1, pp. 1-14.
  15. ↑ Wimmer, Lenné , 2016, pp. 68–72.
  16. ↑ Wimmer, Lenné , 2016, pp. 73–75.
  17. ↑ Lenné called himself a horticultural artist. See Karoline Schulze's estate: History of the garden administration of the Royal Gardens , 1873/74. Manuscript in the Secret State Archive of Prussian Cultural Heritage , Berlin, I. HA, Rep. 94, No. 814, p. 37.
  18. ^ Karg, Dreger: Peter Joseph Lenné. Parks and Gardens in the State of Brandenburg , p. 18.
  19. ^ Georg Sello : Potsdam and Sans-Souci . Breslau 1888, p. 436f.
  20. ^ Clemens Alexander Wimmer : On the history of the administration of the royal gardens in Prussia . In: SPSG: Prussian Green. Court gardener in Brandenburg-Prussia , Potsdam 2004, p. 71.
  21. ^ Karg, Dreger: Peter Joseph Lenné. Parks and Gardens in the State of Brandenburg , p. 148.
  22. ^ Wimmer: From the life of Peter Joseph Lennes . In: Mitteilungen des Verein für die Geschichte Berlins, p. 216.
  23. ↑ a b c Wimmer, in: SPSG: Preußisch Grün , p. 73.
  24. ↑ Karoline Schulze estate: History of the garden administration of the Royal Gardens , p. 32f.
  25. ↑ Karoline Schulze (1794–1881), daughter of the gardening director Johann Gottlob Schulze, local researcher and member of the Association for the History of Potsdam.
  26. ^ Wimmer: From the life of Peter Joseph Lennes . In: Mitteilungen des Verein für die Geschichte Berlins, p. 218.
  27. ↑ Clemens Alexander Wimmer: The training of court gardeners . In: SPSG: Prussian Green. Court gardener in Brandenburg-Prussia . Potsdam 2004, p. 140. See Ferdinand Jühlke: The royal tree nursery and gardening school in Potsdam . Berlin 1872, p. 30. Björn Brüsch: Genealogy of an educational establishment. From the horticultural use of the land to the establishment of the Royal Gardening College . Munich 2010, in detail about Lenné's long overestimated contribution to the founding.
  28. ↑ Because of these positions, Lenné called himself garden director. Cf. Wimmer: On the history of the administration of the royal gardens in Prussia , in: SPSG: Preußisch Grün , p. 74f.
  29. ↑ Karoline Schulze estate: History of the garden administration of the Royal Gardens , p. 711.
  30. ↑ Wimmer, Lenné , 2016, pp. 192–193.
  31. ^ Negotiations of the Association for the Promotion of Horticulture in the Royal Prussian States: General remarks on the British parks and gardens . Volume 1, Berlin 1824, pp. 82ff, digital , accessed on November 24, 2011.
  32. ^ In: "Negotiations of the Association for the Promotion of Horticulture in the Royal Prussian States", Volume 2, Berlin 1826, pp. 147ff.
  33. ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg. See also: Population development in Berlin .
  34. ^ A b Falko Krause: The light rail in Berlin. Planning, construction, impact . Hamburg 2014, p. 16f.
  35. ↑ Heinz Ohff: Peter Joseph Lenné , p. 14.
  36. ^ Sören Schöbel: Qualitative open space planning. Perspectives on urban green and open spaces from Berlin . 2nd, expanded edition. Berlin 2007, p. 27, quoted from Harri Günther: Peter Joseph Lenné. Gardens, parks, landscapes . Berlin 1985, pp. 187ff.
  37. ↑ a b Heinz Ohff: Peter Joseph Lenné , p. 62.
  38. ↑ Ferdinand Jühlke (ed.): The royal tree nursery and gardening school in Potsdam: historical presentation of its foundation, effectiveness and results: along with contributions to culture . Berlin 1872, p. 22.
  39. ↑ Clemens Alexander Wimmer: Lenné. Fame-addicted villain or great German? Judges through the ages . In: Florian von Buttlar (Ed.): Peter Joseph Lenné. Volkspark and Arcadia . Nicolai, Berlin 1989, pp. 98-111.
  40. ↑ Heinz Ohff: Peter Joseph Lenné , p. 144.
  41. ↑ The letter of honorary citizenship was wrongly issued to the name "Peter Paul Lenné" and is kept in the court gardener museum of Glienicke Palace , Berlin.
  42. ^ Wimmer: From the life of Peter Joseph Lenné , 1989, p. 219.
  43. ^ Letter of honorary citizenship of the city of Potsdam for Peter Joseph Lenné.
  44. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2018, part 1, p. 16. Accessed June 15, 2019.
  45. ↑ Cause of death recorded in the Book of the Dead 1862–1866, p. 135. Pfarramt St. Peter and Paul , Potsdam. Lenné's siblings stated in the obituary notice that they had an abdominal disorder . State Palaces and Gardens, Berlin: Lenné Foundation.
  46. ^ Heinz Ohff: Peter Joseph Lenné , p. 150f. The wreath is kept in the court gardener museum of Glienicke Castle.
  47. ↑ Irmela Körner, Rainer Meissle: Brandenburg Gardens and Parks - Literary Walks. German Foundation for Monument Protection, Monument Publications, Bonn 2008, ISBN 978-3-936942-97-2
This article was added to the list of excellent articles on May 30, 2006 in this version .
personal data
SURNAME Lenné, Peter Joseph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lenné, Peter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German gardener and landscape architect
DATE OF BIRTH September 29, 1789
PLACE OF BIRTH Bonn
DATE OF DEATH January 23, 1866
Place of death Potsdam