Udmurtia
Subject of the Russian Federation
Udmurt Republic
Удмуртская республика Удмурт Республика
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Coordinates: 57 ° 13 ' N , 52 ° 47' E
Udmurtia ( Russian Удмуртия / Udmurtija , udmurtisch Удмуртия, Удмурт Республика or Удмурт Элькун ) is a republic in the Russian federal district of Volga .
geography
Udmurtia is located in the European part of Russia west of the Ural Mountains between the Kama and Vjatka rivers . The climate is temperate-continental. The natural area of the republic is mainly characterized by the taiga .
population
The 2010 census showed a population of 1,521,420 people. The Udmurts are a Finno-Ugric people. But for several decades they have only been a minority in their home republic. The majority today are the Russians with 60% . Other significant minorities are the Tatars , Ukrainians and Mari . A special feature are the Bessermen , who are strongly assimilated to the Udmurts and who have appeared as an independent people again since 2002; previously they were counted among the Udmurts.
The official languages are Udmurt and Russian . In addition to supporters of the Russian Orthodox Church, there are also shamanists and Muslims among Tatars and Bessermen .
Ethnic group | VZ 1926 | VZ 1939 | VZ 1959 | VZ 1970 | VZ 1979 | VZ 1989 | VZ 2002 | VZ 2010 1 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
number | % | number | % | number | % | number | % | number | % | number | % | number | % | number | % | |
Udmurten | 395.607 | 52.3% | 480.014 | 39.4% | 475,913 | 35.6% | 484.168 | 34.2% | 479.702 | 32.1% | 496,522 | 30.9% | 460.584 | 29.3% | 410.584 | 27.0% |
Better men | 9,200 | 1.2% | 2.998 | 0.2% | 2.111 | 0.1% | ||||||||||
Russians | 327.493 | 43.3% | 679.294 | 55.7% | 758.770 | 56.8% | 809.563 | 57.1% | 870.270 | 58.3% | 945.216 | 58.9% | 944.108 | 60.1% | 912,539 | 60.0% |
Tatars 2 | 19,248 | 2.5% | 40,561 | 3.3% | 71,930 | 5.4% | 87,150 | 6.1% | 99.139 | 6.6% | 110,490 | 6.9% | 109,218 | 7.0% | 98,831 | 6.5% |
Ukrainians | 143 | 0.0% | 5,760 | 0.5% | 7,521 | 0.6% | 10,267 | 0.7% | 11,149 | 0.7% | 14,167 | 0.9% | 11,527 | 0.7% | 8,332 | 0.5% |
Mari | 2,827 | 0.4% | 5,997 | 0.5% | 6,449 | 0.5% | 7,842 | 0.6% | 8,752 | 0.6% | 9,543 | 0.6% | 8,985 | 0.6% | 8,067 | 0.5% |
Bashkirs | 5 | 0.0% | 362 | 0.0% | 1,150 | 0.1% | 2.005 | 0.1% | 3,608 | 0.2% | 5,217 | 0.3% | 4,320 | 0.3% | 3,454 | 0.2% |
German | 67 | 0.01% | 229 | 0.02% | 4,776 | 0.36% | 2,671 | 0.19% | 2,628 | 0.18% | 2,588 | 0.16% | 1,735 | 0.11% | 1,238 | 0.08% |
Other | 1,674 | 0.2% | 7.133 | 0.6% | 10,418 | 0.8% | 14.009 | 1.0% | 16,924 | 1.1% | 21,920 | 1.4% | 26,841 | 1.7% | 76.264 | 5.0% |
Residents | 756.264 | 100% | 1,219,350 | 100% | 1,336,927 | 100% | 1,417,675 | 100% | 1,492,172 | 100% | 1,605,663 | 100% | 1,570,316 | 100% | 1,521,420 | 100% |
1 54,797 people could not be assigned to any ethnic group. These people are probably distributed in the same proportion as the ethnically classified inhabitants. 2 including Keräschen (Christian Tatars) (1926 2,113 and 2002 650 people) |
history
The first Russian settlers came to the area inhabited by Udmurts in the 12th century . After the Kazan Khanate fell to Russia in 1552, the number of Russian settlers increased. In the 18th century the until then animist Udmurts were evangelized and the first translations of the Bible appeared. Udmurtia has been an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) within the RSFSR since 1934 . After the dissolution of the USSR, the Udmurtia became one of 21 republics and a federal subject of Russia with relatively far-reaching autonomy rights .
On April 1, 2006, the second Russian chemical weapons destruction facility went into operation in Kambarka . In the plant, financed with German help, over 6000 tons of lewisite had been removed by 2009 .
politics
Acting head of the republic is Alexander Brechalov .
economy
The republic is relatively well developed in terms of transport and is heavily industrialized. The most important branches of industry include metal and wood processing, the chemical and glass industries. Oil and coal are among the most important natural resources.
Administrative divisions and cities
The Udmurt Republic comprises 25 Rajons and 5 urban districts, which are formed by the capital of the Izhevsk Republic and the next four largest cities Sarapul , Votkinsk , Glasow and Moshga . There are a total of six cities and five urban-type settlements .
City * / City settlement | Russian | Rajon | Residents (October 14, 2010) |
---|---|---|---|
Balesino | Балезино | Balesino | 16,121 |
Glazov * | Глазов | Urban district | 95,854 |
Igra | Игра | Igra | 20,737 |
Izhevsk * | Ижевск | Urban district | 627.734 |
Jar | Яр | Jar | 6,596 |
Kambarka * | Камбарка | Kambarka | 11,021 |
Moschga * | Можга | Urban district | 47,961 |
Nowy | Новый | Votkinsk | 5,742 |
Sarapul * | Сарапул | Urban district | 101,381 |
Uwa | Ува | Uwa | 19,984 |
Votkinsk * | Воткинск | Urban district | 99.022 |
Web links
- Official website of Udmurtia
- Udmurtia Republic Directory. ( Memento from January 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Administrativno-territorialʹnoe delenie po subʺektam Rossijskoj Federacii na 1 janvarja 2010 goda (administrative-territorial division according to subjects of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2010). ( Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ Nacional'nyj sostav naselenija po sub "ektam Rossijskoj Federacii. (XLS) In: Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Rosstat, accessed on June 30, 2016 (Russian, ethnic composition of the population according to federal subjects , results of the 2010 census).
- ↑ Population of the Russian territorial units by nationality 2010. demoscope.ru (Russian)