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==Development and design==
==Development and design==
The MS.230 was designed to meet French Air Ministry requirements.<ref name="Holmes"/> The MS.230 was a [[parasol wing]] monoplane of metal tubular framing with fabric covering throughout, except the forward area of the fuselage, which was metal covered. The instructor and pupil occupied two tandem cockpits. It had a wide fixed landing gear that made it very stable in takeoff and landing. As a monoplane the MS.230 was unlike other trainers of the time, which were mostly biplanes.
The MS.230 was designed to meet French Air Ministry requirements.<ref name="Holmes"/> It was a [[parasol wing]] monoplane with a metal structure covered with fabric except for the forward fuselage, which was metal covered. The instructor and pupil occupied tandem cockpits. It had a wide-track fixed landing gear that made it very stable in takeoff and landing. The MS.230 differed from other trainers of the time, which were mostly biplanes.


It first flew in February 1929 and proved to be an excellent and stable machine which was very easy to fly.
It first flew in February 1929 and proved to be an excellent and stable machine which was very easy to fly.
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==Variants==
==Variants==
[[File:Flugzeug Morane-Saulnier MS.229 (Ans 05035-089).jpg|thumb|right|MS.229 built for the Swiss Army Air Service]]
[[File:MS230.jpg|thumb|MS.230 of the [[Spanish Republican Air Force]].]]
[[File:MS230.jpg|thumb|MS.230 of the [[Spanish Republican Air Force]].]]
Source:<ref>Donald, 1997. p. 664.</ref>
Source:<ref>Donald, 1997. p. 664.</ref>
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*[[French Navy]]
*[[French Navy]]
;{{flag|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
;{{flag|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}}
*''[[Luftwaffe]]'' (small numbers)<ref>Ketley, Barry, and Rolfe, Mark. ''Luftwaffe Fledglings 1935-1945: Luftwaffe Training Units and their Aircraft'' (Aldershot, GB: Hikoki Publications, 1996), p.11.</ref>
*''[[Luftwaffe]]'' (small numbers)<ref>Ketley, Barry, and Rolfe, Mark. ''Luftwaffe Fledglings 1935–1945: Luftwaffe Training Units and their Aircraft'' (Aldershot, GB: Hikoki Publications, 1996), p.11.</ref>
;{{GRE}}
;{{GRE}}
*[[Hellenic Air Force]]
*[[Hellenic Air Force]]
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==Specifications==
==Specifications==
[[File:MS.230_3-view_L'Aerophile_Salon_1932.jpg|thumb|Morane Saulnier MS.230 3-view drawing from L'Aerophile Salon 1932]]
[[File:MS.230_3-view_L'Aerophile_Salon_1932.jpg|thumb|Morane Saulnier MS.230 3-view drawing from L'Aerophile Salon 1932]]


{{Aircraft specs
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1937,<ref name=JAWA1937>{{cite book |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1937 |editor1-last=Grey |editor1-first=C.G. |year=1937 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd |location=London |editor2-last=Bridgman |editor2-first=Leonard |page=146c–147c}}</ref> Jane's Vintage Aircraft Recognition Guide<ref name=Holmes>{{cite book |last= Holmes |first= Tony |title=Jane's Vintage Aircraft Recognition Guide |year=2005 |publisher=Harper Collins |location=London |isbn = 0-00-719292-4 |pages=97}}</ref>
|ref=''Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1937,<ref name=JAWA1937>{{cite book |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1937 |editor1-last=Grey |editor1-first=C.G. |year=1937 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd |location=London |editor2-last=Bridgman |editor2-first=Leonard |page=146c–147c}}</ref> Jane's Vintage Aircraft Recognition Guide''<ref name=Holmes>{{cite book |last= Holmes |first= Tony |title=Jane's Vintage Aircraft Recognition Guide |year=2005 |publisher=Harper Collins |location=London |isbn = 0-00-719292-4 |pages=97}}</ref>
|prime units?=met
|prime units?=met
<!--
<!--
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|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight note=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{cvt|220|l|USgal impgal}} jettison-able fuselage tank with a {{cvt|22|l|USgal impgal}} centre-section gravity tank
|fuel capacity={{cvt|220|L|USgal impgal}} jettison-able fuselage tank with a {{cvt|22|L|USgal impgal}} centre-section gravity tank
|more general=
|more general=
<!--
<!--
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|max speed kmh=207
|max speed kmh=207
|max speed note=at sea level
|max speed note=at sea level
::::{{cvt|193|km/h|mph kn}} at {{cvt|3000|m|0}}
::::{{cvt|193|km/h|mph kn}} at {{cvt|3000|m}}
::::{{cvt|163|km/h|mph kn}} at {{cvt|5000|m|0}}
::::{{cvt|163|km/h|mph kn}} at {{cvt|5000|m}}
|cruise speed kmh=160
|cruise speed kmh=160
|cruise speed note=
|cruise speed note=
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|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate note=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude={{cvt|3000|m|0}} in 11 minutes 18 seconds
|time to altitude={{cvt|3000|m}} in 11 minutes 18 seconds
::::{{cvt|5000|m|0}} in 41 minutes 34 seconds
::::{{cvt|5000|m}} in 41 minutes 34 seconds
|wing loading kg/m2=61.3
|wing loading kg/m2=61.3
|wing loading note=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass={{cvt|0.0869|hp/lb|order=flip}}
|power/mass={{cvt|0.0869|hp/lb|order=flip}}
|more performance=<!--</br>
|more performance=
*'''Take-off run:''' {{cvt||m|0}}
*'''Take-off distance to {{cvt|15|m|0}}:''' {{cvt||m|0}}
*'''Landing run:''' {{cvt||m|0}}
*'''Landing distance from {{cvt|15|m|0}}:''' {{cvt||m|0}}-->
}}
}}


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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last1=Donald |first1=David |title=The encyclopedia of world aircraft : Morane-Saulnier MS.230 series|date=1997 |publisher=Prospero Books |location=Ottawa |isbn=9781856053754 |edition=Updated |page=664}}
* {{cite book |last1=Donald |first1=David |title=The encyclopedia of world aircraft : Morane-Saulnier MS.230 series|date=1997 |publisher=Prospero Books |location=Ottawa |isbn=9781856053754 |edition=Updated |page=664}}
*{{cite book |last1=Lacaze |first1=Henri |last2=Lherbert |first2=Claude |title=Morane Saulnier: ses avions, ses projets |date=2013 |publisher=Lela Presse |location=Outreau, France |isbn=978-2-914017-70-1 |language=fr|name-list-style=amp|trans-title=Morane Saulnier: Their Aircraft and Projects}}
* {{cite book|last=Ogden|first=Bob|title=Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe|year=2006|publisher=Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd|location=Tonbridge, Kent|isbn=0-85130-375-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Ogden|first=Bob|title=Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe|year=2006|publisher=Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd|location=Tonbridge, Kent|isbn=0-85130-375-7}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://greek-war-equipment.blogspot.com/2009/05/ms230.html A History of Greek Military Equipment (1821-today): Greek MS.230 ET2]
* [http://greek-war-equipment.blogspot.com/2009/05/ms230.html A History of Greek Military Equipment (1821–today): Greek MS.230 ET2]


{{Morane-Saulnier aircraft}}
{{Morane-Saulnier aircraft}}
{{RLM aircraft designations}}
{{RLM aircraft designations}}
{{Czech trainer aircraft}}


[[Category:1920s French military trainer aircraft]]
[[Category:1920s French military trainer aircraft]]
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[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1929]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1929]]
[[Category:World War II aircraft of Switzerland]]

Latest revision as of 08:30, 4 May 2024

MS.230
Role Elementary Trainer
Manufacturer Morane-Saulnier
First flight February 1929[1]
Primary user Armée de l'Air Flight School, Reims, France
Number built 1000+[1]

The Morane-Saulnier MS.230 aircraft was the main elementary trainer for the French Armée de l'Air throughout the 1930s. Almost all French pilots flying for the Armée de l'Air at the outbreak of World War II had had their earliest flight training in this machine. It was the equivalent of the Stearman trainer in the United States air services and the de Havilland Tiger Moth in the British Royal Air Force.

Development and design[edit]

The MS.230 was designed to meet French Air Ministry requirements.[1] It was a parasol wing monoplane with a metal structure covered with fabric except for the forward fuselage, which was metal covered. The instructor and pupil occupied tandem cockpits. It had a wide-track fixed landing gear that made it very stable in takeoff and landing. The MS.230 differed from other trainers of the time, which were mostly biplanes.

It first flew in February 1929 and proved to be an excellent and stable machine which was very easy to fly. It saw service with military flight schools throughout France and was exported to the air forces of numerous other countries. It also became a popular aircraft for sporting aviation. An example won the Michelin Cup in 1929.[2]

Numbers of MS.230s survived for many years after the war and became civilian trainers and civilian flying club aircraft. One was used in 1967 to act as camera-ship for air-to-air filming of Darling Lili at Baldonnel Aerodrome, Ireland. Examples are preserved on display in museums in Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Spain and the United States of America.[3]

Popular culture[edit]

A MS.230 was used at the end of the movie The Blue Max as the "new monoplane" in which Lt. Stachel is killed during a test flight.

Lynn Garrison "Stachel" Morane MS-230 Weston, Ireland 1970

Variants[edit]

MS.229 built for the Swiss Army Air Service
MS.230 of the Spanish Republican Air Force.

Source:[4]

MS.229
Hispano-Suiza 8a V8, for the Schweizer Flieger- und Fliegerabwehrtruppen (Swiss Army Air Service); two built, one converted to Hispano-Suiza 9Qa radial in 1932.
MS.230
over 1,100 built; 20 bought by Romania and 25 by Greece in 1931, 9 each bought by Belgium and Brazil; main Armee de l'Air trainer for years; operated by several well-known private owners including Lynn Garrison and Louis Dolfus; some used for trials with Handley Page slats, or skis; one fitted with Lorraine 9Nb Algol Junior.[5]
MS.231
six built, with 179 kW (240 hp) Lorraine 7Mb, 1930.[6]
MS.232
experimental version with 149 kW (200 hp) Clerget 9Ca diesel, 1930.[7]
MS.233
powered by 172 kW (230 hp) Gnome-Rhône 5Ba or Gnome-Rhône 5Bc, six built in France and 16 in Portugal under licence for the Portuguese military.[8]
MS.234
186 kW (250 hp) Hispano-Suiza 9Qa engine, two built, one for U.S. Ambassador in Paris.[9]
MS.234/2
converted from MS.130 Coupe Michelin racer with 172 kW) (230 hp) Hispano 9Qb and NACA cowling, entered in 1931 Coupe Michelin air race, 86 kW (250 hp) Hispano-Suiza 9Qa engine.[10] Fitted with a Hispano-Suiza 9Qa engine as MS.234 #2, flown in aerobatic competition by Michael Detroyat until 1938.[11]
MS.235
224 kW (300 hp) Gnome-Rhône 7Kb engine, one built 1930.[12]
MS.235H
twin-float version, first flown 1931.
MS.236
fitted with 160 kW (215 hp) Armstrong Siddeley Lynx IVC, 19 built under licence for Belgian Air Force by SABCA, first flown July 1932.[13]
MS.237
209 kW (280 hp) Salmson 9Aba engine, five built for private users, introduced 1934.
MS.230 at Praha-Kbely museum

.

Operators[edit]

 Belgium
 Brazil
 Czechoslovakia
 France
 Germany
 Greece
 Portugal
 Romania
 Spain
  Switzerland
 United States
 Venezuela

Specifications[edit]

Morane Saulnier MS.230 3-view drawing from L'Aerophile Salon 1932

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1937,[15] Jane's Vintage Aircraft Recognition Guide[1]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 6.942 m (22 ft 9 in)
  • Wingspan: 10.7 m (35 ft 1 in)
  • Height: 2.73 m (8 ft 11 in)
  • Wing area: 19.7 m2 (212 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 834 kg (1,839 lb)
  • Gross weight: 1,208 kg (2,663 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 220 L (58 US gal; 48 imp gal) jettison-able fuselage tank with a 22 L (5.8 US gal; 4.8 imp gal) centre-section gravity tank
  • Powerplant: 1 × Salmson 9AB 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 170 kW (230 hp)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch wooden propeller

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 207 km/h (129 mph, 112 kn) at sea level
193 km/h (120 mph; 104 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
163 km/h (101 mph; 88 kn) at 5,000 m (16,000 ft)
  • Cruise speed: 160 km/h (99 mph, 86 kn)
  • Never exceed speed: 260 km/h (160 mph, 140 kn)
  • Range: 579 km (360 mi, 313 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 5,000 m (16,000 ft)
  • Time to altitude: 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in 11 minutes 18 seconds
5,000 m (16,000 ft) in 41 minutes 34 seconds
  • Wing loading: 61.3 kg/m2 (12.6 lb/sq ft)
  • Power/mass: 0.1429 kW/kg (0.0869 hp/lb)

See also[edit]

Related lists

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Holmes, Tony (2005). Jane's Vintage Aircraft Recognition Guide. London: Harper Collins. p. 97. ISBN 0-00-719292-4.
  2. ^ "VINCENNES : Two Days' National Aviation Meeting". Flight. XXII (1121): 651. 20 June 1930.
  3. ^ Ogden, 2006, p. 28
  4. ^ Donald, 1997. p. 664.
  5. ^ Parmentier, Bruno (5 May 2019). "Morane-Saulnier MS-230". Aviafrance (in French). Paris. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  6. ^ Parmentier, Bruno (15 December 2003). "Morane-Saulnier MS-231". Aviafrance (in French). Paris. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  7. ^ Parmentier, Bruno (16 January 2004). "Morane-Saulnier MS-232". Aviafrance (in French). Paris. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  8. ^ Parmentier, Bruno (15 December 2003). "Morane-Saulnier MS-233". Aviafrance (in French). Paris. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  9. ^ Parmentier, Bruno (14 December 1999). "Morane-Saulnier MS-234". Aviafrance (in French). Paris. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  10. ^ Parmentier, Bruno (1 February 2004). "Morane-Saulnier MS-234/2". Aviafrance (in French). Paris. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  11. ^ Parmentier, Bruno (1 February 2004). "Morane-Saulnier MS-234 No.2". Aviafrance (in French). Paris. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  12. ^ Parmentier, Bruno (17 January 2004). "Morane-Saulnier MS-235". Aviafrance (in French). Paris. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  13. ^ Parmentier, Bruno (5 January 2004). "Morane-Saulnier MS-236". Aviafrance (in French). Paris. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  14. ^ Ketley, Barry, and Rolfe, Mark. Luftwaffe Fledglings 1935–1945: Luftwaffe Training Units and their Aircraft (Aldershot, GB: Hikoki Publications, 1996), p.11.
  15. ^ Grey, C.G.; Bridgman, Leonard, eds. (1937). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1937. London: Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd. p. 146c–147c.

Bibliography[edit]

  • Mombeek, Eric (May 2001). "Les trésors de Cazaux" [The Treasures of Cazaux]. Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (98): 44–47. ISSN 1243-8650.

Further reading[edit]

  • Donald, David (1997). The encyclopedia of world aircraft : Morane-Saulnier MS.230 series (Updated ed.). Ottawa: Prospero Books. p. 664. ISBN 9781856053754.
  • Lacaze, Henri & Lherbert, Claude (2013). Morane Saulnier: ses avions, ses projets [Morane Saulnier: Their Aircraft and Projects] (in French). Outreau, France: Lela Presse. ISBN 978-2-914017-70-1.
  • Ogden, Bob (2006). Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe. Tonbridge, Kent: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-375-7.

External links[edit]

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